Session 1_ Introduction to AI PDF

COURSE INTRODUCTION SESSION 00 SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT Henry Lucky, S.Kom., M.Kom. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course introduces the fundamental concepts of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a field of computer science aimed at creating systems capable of performing tasks...

COURSE INTRODUCTION SESSION 00 SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT Henry Lucky, S.Kom., M.Kom. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course introduces the fundamental concepts of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a field of computer science aimed at creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. The course will explain what AI is, how it works, its capabilities and limitations, and its impact on educational processes and outcomes. Students will learn to use various AI applications and platforms that do not require programming or coding skills to accomplish tasks such as content creation, assessment, and feedback. Additionally, the course will foster critical thinking and ethical awareness regarding AI and its implications for education. LEARNING OUTCOMES LO 1: Describe what is AI, its applications, use cases, and how it is transforming organizations LO 2: Explain terms like machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, natural language processing, computer vision, speech recognition, etc. LO 3: Use AI tools and platforms to perform various tasks such as content creation, assessment, feedback, etc. LO 4: Evaluate the performance and limitations of AI systems and tools LO 5: Discuss the ethical, social, and legal implications of AI TOPICS Session 1: Introduction to AI Session 8: AI with IoT Session 2: Machine Learning Fundamental Session 9: AI and Robots in our Lives Session 10: AI in Entertainment and Session 3: AI and Data Gaming Session 4: Natural Language Processing Session 11: AI in Society Session 5: Speech Recognition Session 12: Ethics of AI: bias and fairness Session 13: Project work and Session 6: Computer Vision Presentation Session 7: Video Processing EVALUATION Component Weight Description Weekly case study and independent Assignment 20% assignment Group Project 30% Details can be seen in the 13rd Slide Mid Exam 25% - Final Exam 25% -  INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SESSION 01 SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT Henry Lucky, S.Kom., M.Kom. LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION 1 At the end of this session, students will be able to: LO 1: Describe what is AI, its applications, use cases, and how it is transforming organizations LO 2: Explain terms like machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, natural language processing, computer vision, speech recognition, etc. LO 5: Discuss the ethical, social, and legal implications of AI OUTLINE SESSION 1 Human intelligence in various aspects Definition of Artificial Intelligence Timeline of Artificial Intelligence The Turing test Strong AI vs Weak AI AI Applications HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN VARIOUS ASPECTS HUMAN INTELLIGENCE Human intelligence is a cross-discipline study that puzzles philosophers, natural scientists, psychologists, cognitive scientists, and neuroscientists for centuries. R. S. T. Lee, Artificial Intelligence in Daily Life HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN VARIOUS ASPECTS GREEK MYTHOLOGY In Greek mythology, epic poet Hesiod’s Theogony in 700 B.C. narrated Prometheus, a Titan and culture hero who created The first human from clay (A humanoid robot in today’s term). Drawing the connection between man and nature, the Greek mythologies explored questions of “how much control man can exercise over the environment by tampering with animals and other forms of nature”. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN VARIOUS ASPECTS PSYCHOLOGICAL VIEW Modern psychology believes that human intelligence should be evaluated and determined in all aspects of mental ability that includes verbal perception abilities, memory ability, and manipulation speed. The current version of Webster’s Adult Intelligence Scale IV Test assesses general human intelligence (the so-called g-value) by  Verbal comprehension index scale,  Perceptual reasoning index scale,  Working memory index scale, and  Processing speed index scale. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN VARIOUS ASPECTS COGNITIVE SCIENTIFIC VIEW An interdisciplinary scientific study of psychology and its processes. One of the earliest disciplines that provides scientific methods to understand, interpret, and evaluate human intelligence. Focus on how the nervous system represents, processes and transforms information. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is the most advanced adult measure of cognitive ability, based on recent research in the area of cognitive neuroscience and the theories and work of David Wechsler PhD. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN VARIOUS ASPECTS COGNITIVE SCIENTIFIC VIEW The WAIS-IV Chart: Verbal Comprehension Index Scale Perceptual Reasoning Index Scale Core subjects Core subjects (Similarities, Vocabulary, Information) (Block design, Matrix Reasoning, Visual Supplemental Subtest Puzzles) (Comprehension) Supplemental Subtest (Figure weights, picture completion) Working Memory Index Scale Acting Rationally Core subjects Core subjects (Digit Span, Arithmetic) (Symbol Search, Coding) Supplemental Subtest Supplemental Subtest (Letter-Number Sequencing) (Cancellation) HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN VARIOUS ASPECTS NEUROSCIENCE VIEW Neuroscientists focus on the brain and its influence on behavior Our brain is composed of more than neurons. Each neuron has more than 1,000 synapses on the dendritic tree. Major function for these dendritic structures is to facilitate effective information processing and transmission Detailed 14 HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN VARIOUS ASPECTS THINKING PROCESS Intelligence is the overall human ability to acquire, build, develop, and manipulate knowledge (i.e. our thinking process) simultaneously. Thinking can be classified as an intellectual process with three main categories: Logical thinking (from derived knowledge), Lateral thinking (from inspired knowledge), and Intuitive thinking (from intuition) DEFINITION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEFINITION BY THE BOOK The science and engineering of making intelligent machines. ~ McCarthy et al., 1955 (one of the founding fathers of Artificial Intelligence) The scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machine ~ American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) The capacity of computers or programs to operate in ways to mimic human thought processes, such as reasoning and learning ~ Webster’s New College Dictionary Artificial Intelligence embodies human-like thinking, actions, and behaviors to create intelligent systems, software agents, and robots. ~ Lee, 2006 DEFINITION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GENERAL DEFINITION Artificial intelligence is technology that enables computers and machines to simulate human intelligence, so it can mimic human’s problem-solving and decision- making skills. "Artificial Intelligence, deep learning, machine learning — whatever you're doing if you don't understand it — learn it. Because otherwise you're going to be a dinosaur within 3 years.” MARK CUBAN, 2017 TIMELINE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MOST SUBSTANTIAL TURNING POINTS IN THE HISTORY OF AI AI Timeline Source: https://digitalwellbeing.org/artificial-intelligence-timeline-infographic-from-eliza-to-tay-and-beyond/ THE TURING TEST DEFINITION A test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior comparable to or indistinguishable from humans, developed in 1950. Truly an important test to demonstrate whether a computer system (or robot) has attained human’s important abilities (thinking and talking). Sir Alan Turing (1912–1954) The Father of Theoretical Computer Science THE TURING TEST THE TEST DETAIL The participants were separately seated in three different rooms and the judge was told that machine (robot) was one of the two participants. They used plain text channels (such as computer keyboards and screens) to communicate usually with fixed time (approximately 15–20 min) to distinguish between the machine and human If the judge was unable to distinguish between the machine and human at the end, the machine (robot) has passed the test THE TURING TEST THE TEST DETAIL STRONG AI VS WEAK AI DEFINITION Some scientists believe that AI should focus on system or program design and implementation to imitate or simulate human thinking and behavior, the so-called weak AI. Others believe that AI systems should not only think and act like humans, but also think and act like humans consciously, the so- called strong AI. STRONG AI VS WEAK AI DEFINITION STRONG AI VS WEAK AI RESEARCH AREA Core Strong AI research areas includes: Major Weak AI R&D includes: Building machines with intelligence, robotics in Artificial neural networks (ANN) particular Genetic algorithms (GA) R&D on generalized rule-based and case-based Fuzzy logic (or fuzzy logic system, FLS) systems R&D on consciousness, objective thoughts, and self-awareness Modern AI becomes integrated disciplines nowadays including cognitive science, neuroscience, biological and artificial neural networks, evolutionary computing technology, robotic (engineering), data mining and deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing (NLP), etc. AI APPLICATION SEARCH ENGINE AI APPLICATION CHATBOTS AI APPLICATION ELECTRONIC TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT AI APPLICATION AI AGGREGATOR CASE STUDY CHINESE ROOM THOUGHT EXPERIMENT Philosopher Prof. John Searle argue that a digital computer was unable to manifest a mind , lacked understanding or consciousness at program performance, regardless of how intelligent or human-like the program behaves. The rule-of-game was based on the Turing Test, this time it used the Chinese language—with Chinese characters. The machine is replaced by a comprehensive translation book that could translate any Chinese characters and phrases to English and respond back in Chinese language. CASE STUDY CHINESE ROOM THOUGHT EXPERIMENT CASE STUDY WHAT CAN AI DO? Which of the following can be done at present using AI? Try to research them!  Win against any human at chess?  Win against the best humans at Go?  Play a decent game of table tennis?  Unload any dishwasher in any home?  Drive safely along the highway?  Drive safely along streets of San Francisco? CASE STUDY WHAT CAN AI DO? Which of the following can be done at present using AI? Try to research them!  Buy a week's worth of groceries on the web?  Discover and prove a new mathematical theorem?  Perform a surgical operation?  Translate spoken Chinese into spoken English in real time?  Win an art competition?  Write an intentionally funny story?  Construct a building? REFERENCES SESSION 1 Raymond S. T. Lee. 2020. Artificial Intelligence in Daily Life. Springer. China. ISBN 9789811576959 McCarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N., & Shannon, C. E. (2006). A proposal for the dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence, august 31, 1955. AI magazine, 27(4), 12-12. There’s an AI for that: https://theresanaiforthat.com https://www.visuallanguagelab.com/chinese-room