Semester Review PDF

12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning Semester Review...

12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning Semester Review fact Something that has been proved true. Take a minute to test your knowledge of the key terms you learned in this semester. Unit 1 Information that helps prove whether an Lesson 1 historical evidence argument about history is true. Something a person decides is true conclusion based on the information that person has. The person or persons for whom a intended audience primary or secondary source was first created. The use of multiple sources to confirm corroboration historical evidence. To determine or explain the meaning of interpret something. The quality of being trusted to be credibility believable. The most important information or main main idea point in a document or source. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 1/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 2/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning A judgment a person forms about opinion bias A person's preferences or prejudices. something. A firsthand account of an event in history; a source of evidence about an event created by people who experienced the The political, social, cultural, or economic primary source historical context event. setting for an event or idea in history. Example: Diary entries, political speeches, government documents A source of evidence created by people after or removed from an event. It is A person's explanation or idea about usually based on information from something. A historical interpretation is a secondary source interpretation primary sources and other secondary historian's explanation about why or how sources. something in the past happened. Example: Newspaper articles, academic journals, encyclopedia entries A person's unique perspective on an validity The quality of being accurate and true. point of view issue or event. Lesson 2 Trustworthy; trusted as a good source of reliable information. Lesson 3 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 3/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 4/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning The act of identifying relationships The relationship between two events in between two or more events in history. causation historical causation which one is the direct result of the other. There are often multiple causes for an event. Lesson 4 A connection between events in which cause-and-effect relationship the first event causes the events that follow. People (in the past or present) whose American Indians ancestors have lived for a long time in the land that is now the United States. A statement that has not yet been claim proven. All the land in North America, Central Americas America, and South America, as well as the islands in the Caribbean. Something a person decides is true conclusion based on the information that person (about 1 CE – about 1300 CE) An has. American Indian civilization in what is now the southwestern United States. The Ancestral Puebloan culture Ancestral Puebloan peoples built complex stone houses and used river water to grow crops in the desert. A connection between two or more events. A correlation between events correlation does not necessarily mean one caused the other. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 5/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 6/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning An area where people have similar ways Not settled in one place. Nomadic people cultural region nomadic of living and traditions. move around to follow sources of food. Lesson 5 People who live by hunting, fishing, and hunter-gatherers collecting wild plants. (1400 – 1700) A period during which Age of Exploration Europeans explored many of the world's oceans and continents. Native to a particular region. This word is most often used to describe people Indigenous whose ancestors have lived in an area for a very long time. A region that is taken over and controlled colony by a distant country, which sends groups of its people to live there. The region that is now Mexico and Mesoamerica Central America. To take control of another part of the world and send people to live there. From colonize the 15th through the 20th centuries, European countries colonized much of Africa and the Americas. (about 800 CE – about 1300 CE) An American Indian civilization in what is Mississippian culture now the southeastern United States. The Mississippian peoples established large towns and grew many crops. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 7/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 8/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning Lesson 1 A person who agreed to work for (1581 – 1795) A country along the someone else for a certain period of time Dutch Republic northern coast of Europe. Today, the without pay. In early America, indentured country is called the Netherlands. indentured servant servants usually worked to pay back the money their employers spent to bring them to America. A person who agreed to work for someone else for a certain period of time A large farm that is dedicated to growing without pay. In early America, indentured indentured servant a lot of one or two types of crops. In servants usually worked to pay back the plantation colonial America, plantations developed money their employers spent to bring in the Southern colonies and relied on the them to America. work of enslaved people. A person who belonged to a religious The journey from Africa to the Americas group that broke away from the official Middle Passage that enslaved people were forced to take Church of England in the late 1500s. as part of the transatlantic slave trade. Puritan Puritans believed religion should be simple and based mostly on the words of the Bible. A system in which some people are owned by other people and forced to work for them. In the United States, slavery People who belong to a Christian slavery lasted from the colonial period Quakers religious group that believes in peace and until 1865. Almost all enslaved people in the equality of all people. the United States were people of African descent. A trade pattern that involved Europe bringing manufactured goods to Africa to A system in which some people are exchange for enslaved people. Those owned by other people and forced to triangular trade enslaved people were taken across the work for them. In the United States, slavery Atlantic to the Americas, where they were slavery lasted from the colonial period forced to provide labor that generated until 1865. Almost all enslaved people in materials that were shipped back to the United States were people of African Europe for production. Triangular trade is descent. also called transatlantic trade. Unit 2 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdWk… 9/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 10/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning A type of farming in which people grow The group of people in the British subsistence farming only enough crops to feed their families British Parliament government who make the country's and do not sell crops to others. laws. The first written constitution in North (1644 – 1718) An English Quaker who America. The document protected William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in Fundamental Orders of Connecticut individuals' rights and created an 1681. assembly of elected representatives. (1714 – 1770) A religious leader from Lesson 2 England who traveled to the British George Whitefield colonies to preach. He was a very (1591 – 1643) A colonist and popular popular speaker and drew large crowds religious thinker. She lived in the across the colonies. Massachusetts Bay Colony, where she Anne Hutchinson hosted religious meetings. She was forced to leave the colony after being put on trial for her religious beliefs. A religious movement in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. It Great Awakening celebrated people's emotional The colonies in North America controlled connection to God and led to the by the British Empire. In 1707, England establishment of new churches. British colonies and Scotland united to become Great Britain. Prior to 1707, the colonies were known as the English colonies. A person who agreed to work for someone else for a certain period of time without pay. In early America, indentured indentured servant servants usually worked to pay back the money their employers spent to bring them to America. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 11/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 12/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning (1706 – 1790) A political leader, scientist, and inventor who helped pass the (1703 – 1758) An American religious Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Jonathan Edwards leader known for his powerful, emotional Benjamin Franklin Constitution. He also represented speeches. America in France during the Revolutionary War. (1770) A conflict between British soldiers An agreement, signed in 1620, that and a group of American colonists in Mayflower Compact established a government for the new Boston Massacre March 1770 in which the soldiers shot colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts. and killed five colonists. A member of any Christian church that is (1773) A protest against a British tax on not part of the Roman Catholic Church or tea. In December 1773, colonists who the Eastern Orthodox Church. While the belonged to a secret organization called Protestant Boston Tea Party Catholic Church highlights the the Sons of Liberty destroyed the tea on importance of priests and other church several ships by throwing it into Boston officials, Protestant churches think that Harbor. church members should study the Bible themselves. (1600 – 1874) A very large British A government in which the citizens elect representative government British East India Company company that brought back goods, like people to represent them. tea, from India and Southeast Asia. A meeting of colonial representatives The first assembly of elected that was held in Philadelphia in 1774. representatives in North America. The The representatives discussed their Virginia House of Burgesses First Continental Congress House of Burgesses met to create laws complaints against the British, planned a for the Virginia colony. boycott of British products, and sent a letter to the British king demanding change. Lesson 3 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 13/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 14/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning (1736 – 1799) A political leader from (1754 – 1763) A war in North America in Virginia who strongly protested Great which the British and their American Britain's treatment of the colonies and French and Indian War Patrick Henry allies fought the French and their supported independence. He was an American Indian allies. Anti-Federalist who opposed a strong central government and argued for a Bill of Rights to be added to the U.S. Constitution. (1738 – 1820) The king of Great Britain A law stating that American colonists from 1760 through 1820. His treatment George III Proclamation of 1763 could not move onto land west of the of the American colonies led to the Appalachian Mountains. American Revolution. (1732 – 1799) The leader of the The British policy, from the late 1600s to American army during the Revolutionary mid-1700s, of allowing its colonies in George Washington salutary neglect War. He was elected the first president of North America to mostly rule the United States. themselves. Laws passed by the British Parliament in (1722 – 1803) A political leader during Intolerable Acts 1774 to punish the colonies, particularly Samuel Adams the American Revolution who helped Massachusetts, for the Boston Tea Party. organize resistance to the British. A group of representatives from each of An economic theory based on the idea the 13 American colonies that held that countries should export a lot of meetings from 1775 through 1781. The mercantilism Second Continental Congress goods and build up their supplies of Second Continental Congress passed the silver and gold. Declaration of Independence and planned the war against Great Britain. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 15/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 16/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning (1765) A law passed by the British A set of rights or freedoms that belong to Parliament that required American Stamp Act natural rights all people and cannot be taken away by a colonists to pay taxes on almost all government. printed materials. (1737 – 1809) A political writer and leader. In 1776, he wrote Common Sense, The right of the people to control the Thomas Paine which helped inspire the colonists to popular sovereignty government of their country. fight for independence from Great Britain. Lesson 4 A statement at the beginning of a formal preamble document, usually used to explain its purpose. (1776) A document explaining the Declaration of Independence American colonies' reasons for breaking away from Great Britain. An agreement between a society and a government in which the people give up social contract some of their freedom in return for the government protecting their rights. (1650 – late 1700s) A period when many Enlightenment European thinkers wrote about the importance of facts and science. (1743 – 1826) The third president of the United States. He was the main author of Thomas Jefferson the Declaration of Independence and the country's first secretary of state. Lesson 5 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 17/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 18/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning (1744 – 1818) The wife of John Adams, (1730 – 1794) An army officer from the the second president of the United European country of Prussia who helped States. Abigail Adams provided Abigail Adams Friedrich von Steuben train the Continental Army at Valley important advice to her husband, Forge. His training was a major reason including suggestions that he support the colonists won the Revolutionary War. women's rights. A movement that began in America in the mid-1760s, when colonists began to (1732 – 1799) The leader of the work to win independence from Great American army during the Revolutionary American Revolution George Washington Britain. The rebellion led to the War. He was elected the first president of Revolutionary War and the creation of the the United States. independent United States. An important turning point in the (1735 – 1826) A major political leader Revolutionary War. American colonists' during the American Revolution who Battle of Saratoga defeat of the British in Saratoga, New John Adams helped win support for the Declaration of York, led the French to enter the war on Independence. He served as the second the side of the Americans. president of the United States. (1745 – 1829) An American political The last major battle in the Revolutionary leader from New York. Jay helped reach War. On October 19, 1781, British general peace with Great Britain after the Battle of Yorktown John Jay Lord Cornwallis surrendered to George Revolutionary War. He was a strong Washington and the Continental Army. supporter of the U.S. Constitution and served as the first chief justice of the Supreme Court. The official army of the American An American colonist who stayed loyal to Continental Army Loyalist colonies during the Revolutionary War. British rule and opposed independence. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 19/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 20/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning Lesson 1 (1757 – 1834) A wealthy Frenchman who Marquis de Lafayette fought with the Patriots in the The plan of government for the United Revolutionary War. Articles of Confederation States during the Revolutionary War and for a few years after the war. The government created by the Articles An American colonist who wanted of Confederation in 1781. It replaced the Patriot independence from the British. Second Continental Congress. The Confederation Congress Congress was made up of representatives from the first 13 states, and each state had only one vote. The Congress lasted until 1789, when the U.S. (1734 – 1818) An American Constitution replaced it. businessman and Patriot. Revere strongly supported American Paul Revere independence from Great Britain and constitution A plan of government. served with the Massachusetts militia during the Revolutionary War. (1775 – 1783) The war fought by the 13 The principles of a government in which Revolutionary War American colonies to gain independence the people, who have power over their from Great Britain. republicanism government, elect representatives to make decisions for them. The agreement signed in 1783 between Treaty of Paris of 1783 the United States and Great Britain, The idea that everyone must follow the ending the Revolutionary War. rule of law law. Unit 3 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 21/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 22/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning (1786 – 1787) An armed uprising, led by Daniel Shays, that affected the debates A settlement of a debate or argument in Shays's Rebellion about the Articles of Confederation and compromise which each person involved gives the setup of the government of the something up. United States. A meeting of U.S. leaders that occurred May 25 to September 17, 1787. The convention was called to revise the tyranny The cruel and unfair use of power. Constitutional Convention Articles of Confederation but instead crafted a new document, the U.S. Constitution. Lesson 2 The central government of a country federal government made up of smaller states. (1755 – 1804) An American politician who believed that the United States Alexander Hamilton should have a strong central government. He was the country's first secretary of the Treasury. A system that divides power between a federalism national government and state governments. Dedication to improving one's civic virtue community, especially through participation in government. The men who helped to create the United States. They were leaders during the Founding Fathers American Revolution and helped to found the U.S. government. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 23/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 24/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning An agreement between northern and An agreement made at the Constitutional southern states at the Constitutional Convention that created two houses of Convention. According to this agreement, Great Compromise Congress in the U.S. government: the Three-Fifths Compromise three-fifths of the state's population of House of Representatives and the enslaved people would be counted in Senate. order to determine that state's representation in Congress. (1751 – 1836) The fourth president of the United States. He was an important The document that set up the federal James Madison leader during the Constitutional U.S. Constitution government of the United States and Convention and became known as the established its most important laws. "Father of the Constitution." (1215) A document that placed some A plan proposed at the Constitutional limits on the power of the king of Convention that called for representation Magna Carta Virginia Plan England. It inspired the Founding Fathers in Congress to be based on state when they wrote the U.S. Constitution. populations. A plan introduced at the Constitutional Lesson 3 Convention that called for one house of New Jersey Plan Congress in which every state would have the same number of A major section of the U.S. Constitution. representatives. There are seven articles in the document, article each explaining an important part of how the government works. (1721 – 1793) A politician from Connecticut who helped create the Great Roger Sherman Compromise at the Constitutional Convention. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 25/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 26/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning A system of balancing government A statement at the beginning of a formal power so that each branch of the checks and balances preamble document, usually used to explain its government can check, or limit, the purpose. power of the other branches. A type of government in which citizens The central government of a country federal government representative democracy elect people to represent them and run made up of smaller states. the government. A system that divides power between a Division of powers between multiple federalism national government and state separation of powers parts, or branches, of a government. governments. An agreement between a society and a A set of rights or freedoms that belong to government in which the people give up natural rights all people and cannot be taken away by a social contract some of their freedom in return for the government. government protecting their rights. The document that set up the federal The right of the people to control the popular sovereignty U.S. Constitution government of the United States and government of their country. established its most important laws. Lesson 4 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 27/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 28/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Semester Review - Apex Learning (1755 – 1804) An American politician who believed that the United States A group of people who favored a strong Alexander Hamilton should have a strong central government. Federalists national government and supported the He was the country's first secretary of the ratification of the Constitution. Treasury. A series of 85 essays written by James A group of people who opposed the Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John creation of a stronger national Anti-Federalists Federalist Papers Jay. These essays argued in favor of the government and later opposed the U.S. Constitution during the debates over ratification of the Constitution. its ratification. A series of writings produced by Anti- Federalists that criticized the U.S. Freedoms that belong to all individuals Anti-Federalist Papers individual rights Constitution during the debates over its simply because they are human. ratification. The first 10 amendments to the U.S. (1751 – 1836) The fourth president of Constitution. It lists the rights all the United States. He was an important American citizens have, including Bill of Rights James Madison leader during the Constitutional freedom of religion, freedom of speech, Convention and became known as the the right to bear arms, and the right to a "Father of the Constitution." jury trial. (1745 – 1829) An American political leader from New York. Jay helped reach A settlement of a debate or argument in peace with Great Britain after the compromise which each person involved gives John Jay Revolutionary War. He was a strong something up. supporter of the U.S. Constitution and served as the first chief justice of the Supreme Court. https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 29/42 https://f1.apps.elf.edmentum.com/courseware-delivery/ua/49965151/45746015/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dW0uY29tL2xlYXJuZXItdW… 30/42 12/4/24, 12:13 PM Se