Europe Faces Revolutions 1830-1852 PDF

Chapter 24.2 Europe Faces Revolutions Pages. 690 – 691 Lesson Guide Be sure to take notes on things that you have questions on or would like to emphasize (could be for yourself or questions to ask the instructor. Session 1: Engagement Instruct Learning Activity 1: Drawing Conclusions W...

Chapter 24.2 Europe Faces Revolutions Pages. 690 – 691 Lesson Guide Be sure to take notes on things that you have questions on or would like to emphasize (could be for yourself or questions to ask the instructor. Session 1: Engagement Instruct Learning Activity 1: Drawing Conclusions Wrap up Session 2: Engagement Instruct Learning Activity 1: Making Inferences Wrap up Session 3: Engagement Instruct Learning Activity 1: Making Inferences Wrap up  Lesson Objectives 1. Explore the radical changes and the political instability in France (1830-1852) 2. Judge the political decision Charles X took in his reign 3. Relate the failure of 1830 revolution with the division of the political scene in France. 4. Analyze the consequences of the abolition of serfdom in Russia. 5. Relate the beginning of social and political change in Russia with the defeat of Crimean War. Session 1 Outline a) Engagement b) Instruct c) Wrap-up  Session 2 Engagement Under the leadership of the Prince of Austria, the Congress of Vienna had tried to restore the old monarchies that had existed before the French Revolution. Why do you think this was happening? Clash of Philosophies Session 2 In the first half of the 1800s, three schools of political ideologies gained strength among many European followers: Conservatives: usually wealthy property owners and nobility (argued for protecting the traditional monarchies) Liberals: mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants. (wanted to give more power to elected parliaments, but only the educated and the landowners would vote) Radicals: favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people. (believed that governments should practice the ideals of the French Revolution—liberty, equality, and brotherhood)  Nationalism Develops As conservatives, liberals, and radicals debated issues of government, a new movement called nationalism emerged. Nationalism is the belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. The rise of modern nationalism is tied to the spread of democratic ideas and the growth of an educated middle class. People wanted to decide how they were governed, instead of having monarchs impose government on them.  Nation-State ❖ Nations become nation state when: ❑ Has its own independent government ❑ Defends the nation’s territory and way of life ❑ Represents the nation to the rest of the world -State Positive & Negative Results of Nationalism  Nation-States In Europe in 1815, only France, England, and Spain could be called nation-states. Nationalist movements would soon change this. Most of the people who believed in nationalism were either liberals or radicals. In most cases, the liberal middle class—teachers, lawyers, and businesspeople— led the struggle for constitutional government and the formation of nation-states.  Greece Gains Independence Session 1 The first people to win self-rule during this period were the Greeks. For centuries, Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire. Ottomans controlled most of the Balkans (Balkans is the region including all or part of present-day Greece). Greeks demanded independence and rebelled against the Ottoman Turks in 1821. The cause of Greek independence was popular with people around the world. Russians felt a connection to Greek Orthodox Christians, who were ruled by the Muslim Ottomans. Another example were educated Europeans and Americans who loved and respected ancient Greek culture.  Session 1 Greece Gains Independence As popular support and a nationalist movement grew for Greek independence, powerful European nations sided with Greece. In 1827, a combined British, French, and Russian fleet destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino. In 1830, Britain, France, and Russia signed a treaty guaranteeing an independent kingdom of Greece.  Session 3 1830s Uprisings Crushed By the 1830s, the old order, carefully arranged at the Congress of Vienna, was breaking down. Revolutionary zeal swept across Europe. Liberals and nationalists throughout Europe were openly revolting against conservative governments. Nationalist riots broke out against Dutch rule in the Belgian city of Brussels. In October 1830, The Belgians declared their independence from Dutch control. In Italy, many nationalists worked to unite separate states and reestablish them as one in the Italian Peninsula since some of them were independent while others were ruled by Austria. The Austrian Prince sent troops to Italy and restored order. Meanwhile, Russia fought against Polish forces to reestablish the old order and defeated them. For a while, things seemed stable, but that façade did not last very long.  Session 3 Wrap-up What happened when the Greeks rebelled against the Ottoman Turks in 1821 and what type of nationalism did they display?  Session 2 Engagement From your prior knowledge, how did the actions of the radicals contradict their philosophy?  thSession 1 European Politics mid 19 Century European politics continued to alternate. Many liberal gains were lost to conservatives within a year. In one country after another, the revolutionaries failed to unite themselves or their nations. Conservatives regained their nerve and their power. By 1849, Europe had practically returned to the conservatism that had controlled their governments before 1848.  Session 1 Radicals Change France In 1830, King Charles X tried to re –establish a return to absolute monarchy Charles X fled to Great Britain when riots/ upheavals broke out Replaced by Louis-Philippe in 1830 (Constitutional Monarchy) The Third Republic 18 years later, in 1848, Louis-Philippe was replaced by Charles X constitutional government after another revolution occurred This new republican government began to fall apart almost immediately Radical revolutionaries divided in factions One side wanted political reform, the other side wanted social and economic reforms. Louis-  Session 1 Radicals Change France The differences set off bloody battles in Parisian streets. The violence turned French citizens away from the radicals. As a result, a moderate constitution was drawn up later in 1848 calling for a parliament and a strong president to be elected by the people.  Session 1 France Accepts a Strong Ruler In December 1848, Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew) won the presidential election Four years later, Louis-Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, took the title of Emperor Napoleon III (France politically transitioned to a monarchy) Majority of French people accepted this handover of power, since they were tired of all the instability and unsteadiness in the country Napoleon III was recogniged as a strong leader He built railroads, encouraged industrialization, and promoted an ambitious program of public works causing the country to prosper  Session 1 Wrap-up Why did the French accept Louis-Napoleon as their emperor? Session 3 Outline a) Engagement b) Instruct c) Wrap-up d) Homework  Session 2 Engagement Why did France’s third republic fail?  Session 2 Reforms in Russia Nobles in the 1800s had almost unlimited power over the serfs Serfs: agricultural laborers (farmers) bound under the feudal system to work on a lord's estate The system of ‘serfdom’ prevented the country from economically advancing The Tsars (Czars), however, were hesitant to free the serfs Ending serfdom would anger the landowners  Session 2 Defeat Brings Change In an attempt to modernize Russia, Tsar Nicholas I threatened to take over part of the Ottoman Empire (Crimean War) Russia’s industries and transportation system failed to provide adequate supplies for the country’s troops. AS A RESULT, in 1856, Russia lost the war against the combined forces of France, Great Britain, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire. After the war, Nicholas’s son, Alexander II, decided to move Russia toward modernization and social change Alexander and his advisers believed that his reforms would allow Russia to compete with western Europe for world power  Session 2 Alexander II’s Reforms Tsar Alexander formally put an end (abolished) to serfdom in 1861 i. Peasant communities received about half the farmland in the country (49 years to pay the government for the land it had received) ii. Nobles kept the other half (received government payments) Serfs were legally free; however, the debt still tied them to the land which solved nothing Alexander II  Social Unrest Session 2 Terrorists assassinated Alexander II in 1881 His successor, Alexander III, tightened Tsarist control over the country. Alexander III encouraged industrial development to expand Russia’s power and reach the level of western European powers A major force behind Russia’s drive toward industrial expansion was nationalism. Wrap-up What consequences did Alexander II’s reforms have on Russia after abolishing serfdom? Homework Answer your homework uploaded on Google Classroom