Biology Chapter 17: Behavior and Information Exchange PDF

Integrating Concepts in Biology Chapter 17: Behavior and Information Exchange Section 17.3: Does group living require more derived mechanisms of information transfer? Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Biology Learnin...

Integrating Concepts in Biology Chapter 17: Behavior and Information Exchange Section 17.3: Does group living require more derived mechanisms of information transfer? Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Biology Learning Objective Explain how communication is used by animals that live in groups. Demonstrate how the comparative approach is used to understand the evolution of sociality in animals. Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Purpose of this section: determine “whether social animals have evolved specialized communication systems” Purpose of this section: determine “whether social animals have evolved specialized communication systems” “Do animals living in groups have derived traits for information transfer?” Purpose of this section: determine “whether social animals have evolved specialized communication systems” “Do animals living in groups have derived traits for information transfer?” Derived trait – a trait that is present in a species but not present in its last common ancestor Two species of mongoose, The Cape grey mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta) and the meerkat (Suricata suricata) Figure 17.8 A, John Richfield, 2012, Creative Commons. B, Sara&Joachim, Creative Commons  The Cape grey mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta) Figure 17.8 A, John Richfield, 2012, Creative Commons. B, Sara&Joachim, Creative Commons  The Cape grey mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta) Why would the solitary ones vocalize? Figure 17.8 A, John Richfield, 2012, Creative Commons. B, Sara&Joachim, Creative Commons  The Cape grey mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta) Why would the solitary ones Greeting vocalize? Breeding status Chase away an intruder Scare predator Figure 17.8 A, John Richfield, 2012, Creative Commons. B, Sara&Joachim, Creative Commons  Home ranges of five Cape Gray mongooses Figure 17.9 Modified from Cavallini and Nel, 1990a, Figure 1, copyright 2009, John Wiley and Sons. Home ranges of five Cape Gray mongooses Two home ranges are highlighted – what do you conclude about home ranges of the Cape Gray mongoose? Figure 17.9 Modified from Cavallini and Nel, 1990a, Figure 1, copyright 2009, John Wiley and Sons.  Meerkats (Suricata suricata) What are these meerkats doing? Figure 17.8 A, John Richfield, 2012, Creative Commons. B, Sara&Joachim, Creative Commons  Meerkats (Suricata suricata) Carnivorous (insectivore) Social (eusocial packs) Why would they vocalize? https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Meerkat_area.png Figure 17.8 Slide put together by Dr. JeremyA,Gibson John Richfield, 2012, Creative Commons. B, Sara&Joachim, Creative Commons (2021) Meerkats (Suricata suricata)  Sonograms of the four most common meerkat sentinel calls What might the sentinels communicate with these calls? Figure 17.10 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 a-d, by permission of the Royal Society.  Sonograms of single and double sentinel calls Are there similarities in the call characteristics? Figure 17.10 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 a-d, by permission of the Royal Society. Sonograms of double and triple sentinel calls Are there similarities in the call characteristics? Figure 17.10 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 a-d, by permission of the Royal Society.  Sonograms of triple and multiple sentinel calls Are there similarities in the call characteristics? Figure 17.10 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 a-d, by permission of the Royal Society.  Sonograms of the four most common meerkat sentinel calls Are there similarities in the call characteristics? Compare the first syllable of each call. Figure 17.10 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 a-d, by permission of the Royal Society.  Sonograms of meerkat alarm calls Figure 17.11 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 by permission of the Royal Society.  Analyze three types of high urgency calls What differences in high urgency calls do you observe? Figure 17.11 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 by permission of the Royal Society.  Analyze three aerial calls of different urgency levels How do aerial calls of different urgency vary? Figure 17.11 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 by permission of the Royal Society.  Analyze three terrestrial calls of different urgency levels How do terrestrial calls of different urgency vary? Figure 17.11 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 by permission of the Royal Society.  Analyze differences among other types of meerkat alarm calls General panic calls also differ - how? Figure 17.11 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sonograms of meerkat alarm calls Compare and contrast them all Figure 17.11 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 1 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment Median Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment First quartile measurement Median Third quartile measurement Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment Maximum First quartile measurement Median Third quartile measurement Minimum Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment Maximum First quartile measurement Median Third quartile measurement Minimum Outlier Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment Significance Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Time interval between new meerkat sentinels assuming guard duty under different conditions Figure 17.12 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 17 by permission of the Royal Society.  Time interval between new meerkat sentinels assuming guard duty 75th percentile Median 25th percentile Analyze differences in medians and ranges Figure 17.12 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 17 by permission of the Royal Society.  Time interval between new meerkat sentinels assuming guard duty in playback experiment Analyze differences in medians and ranges Figure 17.12 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 17 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment Analyze results of playback experiment Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment Analyze results of playback experiment Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Sentinel call playback experiment What does the circled point represent? Analyze results of playback experiment Figure 17.13 Modified from Manser, 1999, Figure 3 by permission of the Royal Society.  Big Idea themes evident for behavior and information exchange in populations of animals Themes: Imperfect information transfer produces variation. Information can be expressed without loss of content. Ability to transfer information is heritable, but information transmitted between individuals is non- heritable Populations can adapt and evolve new mechanisms of information transfer, or communication. That heritable information provides for continuity of life. Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.