Vegetable Propagation - Cairo University PDF

Vegetable crops department Section two Hassan Ali Assistant lecturer 2024/2025  Principles of Horticulture (101 A PM) Practical Second section “ Sexual and asexual propagation ” Vegetables Propagation “ Sexual Propagation ”  Propagation Propagation is meth...

Vegetable crops department Section two Hassan Ali Assistant lecturer 2024/2025  Principles of Horticulture (101 A PM) Practical Second section “ Sexual and asexual propagation ” Vegetables Propagation “ Sexual Propagation ”  Propagation Propagation is method which vegetable crops continue their life for many generations. METHODS OF PROPAGATION Sexual propagation. Asexual propagation..Sexual propagation Using seeds which was produced from pollination and fertilization.  Sexual propagation ( Seed multiplication) High quality seed criteria. Differences in seed size. Seed treatments.  High quality seeds Known genetic source and identity and seed origin. Known genetic purity Known germinating ability Known presence or absence of other crop seed, weed seed, and inert matter Free of weed seeds.  Seed size Why the big size prefer than small size in the same cultivar ? 1. Faster germination 2. Strong seedlings tolerant to adverse conditions 3. Strong plants & high productivity. why there are a differences between seeds in size ? Differences in seed size  Seed treatments Soaking. Heat & fungicides Rhizobium Inoculation.  Soaking For some of vegetable seeds Importance Increase the speed of germination Raise germination percentage You should Soaking in warm water. you must change the water for soaking more than a day.  Heat & fungicides Pathogens Soaking in fungicides hot water External Internal Pathogens Pathogens  Rhizobium Inoculation Family legume (common bean – cow pea – peas – broad bean ) Importance Increase the efficiency of legume crops in nitrogen fixation air Asexual propagation  Asexual propagation Using any part of the plant except seeds which was produced from pollination and fertilization. Vegetative propagation  Definition Using any part of the plant except seeds which was produced from pollination and fertilization. Vegetative propagation = asexual propagation  Why we need to use vegetative propagation ? The plants are unable to produce seeds, as taro and garlic. The plants are able to produce seeds but seeds aren’t similar to the mother plant ( origins ) , as Artichoke and sweet potato.  Advantages of vegetative propagation Easy. Produce plants similar to the mother plants. Tissue culture produce plants free of virus.  Disadvantages of vegetative propagation For traditional methods Lower yield because using local seeds. Large quantities of seed may reach to one ton or more. Source of pathogens and insects.  Some treatments Use disinfectants Curing. Use of some growth regulators to encourage germination.  Methods Cuttings Roots Sweet potato Off shoots Artichoke Longitudinal Division Runners Strawberry Old plants division  Tubers Potato Corms Taro Bulbs Garlic Tissue culture  1- Cuttings Sweet potato. Cuttings Length are 25 cm. Remove leaves from cuttings bases.  Seedling root Take root not suitable to consumers. The roots sow in ridges The seedlings cut when it ‘s length 15 – 20 cm.  3- Offshoots Offshoots : This is a branch out of the original plant. Sometimes they use plant growth regulators to enhance plants to produce offshoots.  4- Longitudinal Division Divide the stem ( crown ) into two parts so that it contains every part on the number of buds.  5-Old plants division Strawberry ( Baladi variety )  6- Runners The foreigners strawberry cultivars. At the end of the second node is a bud grows roots, stems and leaves (new plant ). These are seedlings used in the re- planting strawberries again.  7- Tubers Tuber is a stored stem and there are falls called the eyes. Every eye contain buds. We use whole small tubers or divided the big one into two or three pieces ( on every part 2-3 eyes )  8- corms corm is a stored stem. It consists of nodes and Internodes. On every node there are buds.  We divided the old corm to 2- 3 pieces ( every pieces Weighs 100- 150 gm )  Bulbs Garlic. Clove is a small bulb.  10- Tissue culture Importance : Produce plants free of virus. Produce plants haven’t seeds Produce pure lines plants. Produce in breeding & new cultivars.