Islamic Prayer Actions Invalidating Prayer PDF

Section 10: Acts that are offensive and invalidate prayer? 13 Actions which invalidate prayer: 1. Human Speech  Any speech breaks the prayer  Sounds that convey meaning that infer speech e.g. sound to alert cat or human breaks it  Thoughts going through the head...

Section 10: Acts that are offensive and invalidate prayer? 13 Actions which invalidate prayer: 1. Human Speech  Any speech breaks the prayer  Sounds that convey meaning that infer speech e.g. sound to alert cat or human breaks it  Thoughts going through the head dosen’t not break the prayer  The only though that has meaning is Kufr 2. Supplicating with words that resemble human speech  for example, praying about clothes or food  Reciting dhikr, Quran etc during prayer dosen’t break the prayer even if its out of place, it is makruh.  But if you use dhikr/Quran to convey meaning breaks prayer  The only duas you can make are duas that don’t resemble human speech, so Quran and sunnah  If its not In the Quran and sunnah but it is a dua that only Allah can help you then It dosen’t invalidate it  Sneezing but saying Alhamdulillah, dosen’t break prayer however it is not from the sunnah Saying Yarhamkullah breaks prayer 3. Saying Salaam as a greeting  if you gave salaams too early in the prayer you can go back into the prayer and do sajadah sahw as long as you haven’t shaken hands, walked away, spoke to someone  but if you mistakenly or intentionally made salaams, shake their hand or reply to salaams in salah you have broken prayer 4. Clearing throat with no excuse, grumbling, groaning or crying aloud due to pain or distress  Crying in prayer: As long as you don’t make a sound dosen’t break prayer  Sobbing/sounds because of personal reasons whereas if you cry because of the salah, Quran, verses of hope and yearning for Allah’s mercy, or the fear of Allah  Read the Quran in salah and force yourself to cry 5. Excessive movement  Prayer is valid if he keeps movement minimal  Excessive movement with or without a reason breaks a prayer  defined as someone who if someone else looks at him, it dosen’t look like hes praying, then this is invalid salah. Also defined as something you do with 2 hands  3 separate or consecutive movements within 1 pillar of prayer invalidates prayer 6. Turning the chest away from the direction of prayer  Turning your body more than 45 degrees left or right invalidated prayer  When we say we are facing the qibla: it our body that faces it not the head  We need to make sure we have the body facing qibla when buried. Imam Shafi says its Wajib 7. Eating or drinking:  Anything after prayer breaks prayer if goes down throat, dosen’t matter even if it’s not food  Food stuck in teeth before -amount less than chickpea throughout the whole duration dosen’t break it  Having a taste in the mouth dosen’t invalidate prayer but better to wash away 8. Holding or reciting from Quran  Holding a mushaf in prayer – breaks it according to Abu Hanifa  Sahibain says holding dosen’t break it  Can have it in front of you without holding it only if you have memorised it already, if you haven’t memorised then it is invalid 9. Laugher 10. Leaving a condition or integral without an excuse 11. The person purified by dry ablution seeing water 12. Completion of the time period of Khuffs 13. Sick person recovering (but if healthy becomes sick then dosen’t invalidate) 25 Offensive acts in prayer: 1. Pointless minimal movement e.g. fidgeting with clothes, stroking beard while praying with no excuse 2. Cracking knuckles and interlocking fingers  3. Moving the neck - Its Makruh to look around with your head, but not sinful if you look around with your eyes 4. Praying only in trousers - men covering bare minimum- Makruh tahirm. Wajib for him to cover upper body. recommended to cover shoulders, arms, lower legs 5. Folding the sleeves - Abu Hanifah- said folding sleeves is Makruh Tahrim as its not courteous to stand in front of Allah 6. Reciting Quran whilst not standing e.g. bowing, prostrating, sitting - Sunnah: Quranic duas in nafl prayers 7. Repeating the same surah in the same or both units of fard - Only Makruh if one has memorised more than one surah - Same surahs in fard  Makruh Tanzih - Witr, sunnah and nafl- can read same surah not makruh Tanzih - repeating ayahs in the tahujjjad  has a massive effect on the heart. Stop at an ayah and repeat it Sunnah: there was 2 ayahs Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬would repeat 8. Reciting a sura in the second unit that precedes the sura recited in the first unit of an obligatory prayer - If he reads surah Naas in 1st then he reads Surah Baqarah in second - Wajib in fard salah to go in the order of Quran  Sinful - Preferred in fard: each rakaat read the same amount. - Makruh Tanzih to read a shorter one in first and then second you read a much longer of 3 or more ayah 9. Skipping one surah between 2 units 10. Counting verses and tasbih with the hand - Not offensive to look at fingertips to count or mentally count 11. Yawning 12. Closing the eyes - Permitted if trying to avoid looking at something/getting distracted 13. Raising gaze towards the sky - Looking up, into the sky  Makruh Tahrim, because it is as if you are giving a direction of Allah 14. Prostrating on the forehead alone and not on the nose 15. Placing the forearms on the ground while prostrating (men) 16. Prostrating on the coil of the turban or on the hat or veil 17. Praying whilst carrying a child - If there is no need to carry child, if child is impure= invalid 18. Prostrating on a picture of an animal (allowed to wear it if its covered or small) or a mirror 19. Praying in a graveyard - If gaze of the grave falls directly onto it 20. Praying whilst needing to relieve oneself or break wind - recommended to cut the prayer short in this case - However not Makruh if in Jamaat or fear or missing prayer 21. Praying with the head uncovered 22. Praying in the presence of people sleeping 23. Praying in the presence of food that he is inclined to e.g. if food is ready on the table 24. Praying towards a furnace or a stove that contains charcoal 25. Praying towards the face of a human 26. Not placing a barrier (sutra) at a place where people can potentially cross - General rule which prophet Muhammed ‫ ﷺ‬gave it is makruh tahrim to walk in front of someone praying unless it is the only way to exit Section 11: The person catching the prayer (Lahiq) - Unit is only caught if he joins the imam while imam is standing or bowing Joining at different times: First rakaat - Join the imam at whatever point he is on Bow - Reads 3 tasbihs if he can or whatever he can and follows imam Tashadhud - If imam stands before follower has finished it is preferred for follower to complete but permitted for him to stand when imam stands Final sitting - Reads Tashahud but remains silent after as he needs to complete rest of his prayer Joining 3rd rakaat of Maghrib: - Once imam finishes, he stands recites Thaana, Fatiha, surah and then first sitting - He stands does Fatiha and surah and then final sitting Joining 1st prostration of 3rd rakaat of Duhur: - Follows imam in 3rd and 4th and then stands reads Thaana, Fatiha, Surah Sits for first sitting - Then Fatiha and surah - Then Fatiha and no surah and then final sitting Lahiq - The one who breaks his prayer after starting to pray behind an imam - He can leave the prayer with no salaams and then go to the nearest water source without engaging in anything that breaks prayer e.g., conversation - Then re-joins the salah and catches up to the imam if he is still praying - If imam has finished salah then he can complete the prayer wherever he If imam breaks prayer, he selects another person to come forward and substitute for him Section 12: Qada Qada is fard for every single prayer since he was baligh, it is fard upon you when you remember There were only 2 occasions where the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬had to do Qada – Battle of Khandaq If you are praying behind a imam who is doing Qada, you have to have missed the same prayer. Praying Qada in order is dropped in 3 occasions 1. Forgetfulness 2. Fear of missing current prayer 3. Having more than 5 Qada 5 or less prayers missed in life - They have to keep the order of the prayers, unless there is fear of missing the current salah - Forgetfulness – is excused if you forget you have a Qada - But if he remembers during the prayer then that salah is invalid Those who have missed more than 5: - No longer need to keep order - There is 2 views; cautious view is that if you have a bulk before you missed e.g. 2 years, but now Have a fresh one you missed, then you have the pray the new one before - Strong opinion: order not needed Fajr Qada: - When Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬did Qada, they prayed sunnah and you have to pray before duhur - Qada of sunnah only if you miss both fard and sunnah - You only do the Qada of sunnah on that day before duhur - the old salah’s you don’t need to do sunnah’s Section 13: Optional Prayers Hadith Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬saying that whoever is regular with the 12 units by day and night Allah will build a house for him in paradise - 2 Sunnah before Fajr - Reward is like giving all the sadqah in the world - Recommended to make the Sunnahs of fajr short and the fard is longer e.g. Surah Yasin issues - 4 Sunnah before Duhur and 2 after - 2 After maghrib - 2 After Isha Salatul Awabeen Praying 6 rakaat after maghrib – reward is equivalent more than 12 years of worship - 2, 2, 2- this is the best way of doing it - Can be read as 4 nafl and 2 nafl - Can also be read as one set of six – some imams encourage this  - Also an accepted view in the madhab- 2 sunnah’s of maghrib and then 4 nafl can be prayed without talking to anyone in between Intentions for Sunnah/Nafls: - Sunnah and Nafl all optional even if you make niyah and don’t do it - The prayer starts when you say Allahu… you are in the prayer and it becomes Wajib to break it - Nafl- you can make intention for 2 but extend it how much you want during the salah Praying in jamaat for Sunnah/Nafl: - Not in Madhab to pray in jamaat for sunnah and nafl, except from Ramadan - Salatul Tasbih- not for Hanafi’s, bur for normal average Muslims who haven’t learnt the madhab correctly then follow the ruling to pray in congregation as valid in one madhab. Sitting for salah: - Hanafi- all sunnah and nafl can be prayed sat down - You have to have a medical reason to pray witr and fard sat down - Makruh Tanzih to change from standing to sitting with no reason - Sunnah to stand up if you start your prayer sat down Night prayer: - Better to do night prayer in sets of 2 - More Quran is better than more sujood, as Quran is the best of all dhikr A husband and wife who pray Tahujjud together: Hadith – Section 14: Tarawih - Sunnah Muakadah Ayn, individual for everyone to pray every night - You have to pray in sets of 2 but sit after 2 sets as nafl is better in 4. Each tarawih is 4 units with 2 salaams 2 views of Madhab - Tarawih is sunnah of Ramadan or sunnah of Quran, the main view is that it is sunnah of Ramadan, so even when you finish reading the Quran on 27th night then you still need to carry on reading it tarwawih. - There is a view to stop reading Tarawih after you have finished Quran Quran in Ramadan: - It is Mustahab/Sunnah to finish the Quran not sunnah Muakadah, so its fine not to finish it - Recommended to pray in mosque except if you are hafiz providing you read more Quran than the Jamaat - Fine to pray by yourself but better to pray in Jamaat in Ramadan - Preferred to have Khatam Quran on 27th Ramadan Witr: Sunnah only in Ramadan to pray witr in Jamaat - Jamaat of witr in Ramadan is Mustahabb, but to pray this in jamaat you have to have prayed Isha in Jamaat, it is Makruh if you haven’t - If you come late, pray witr with imam and make up the rest of your tarawih - Makruh Tanzih to pray sitting down for tarawih if no reason, but If you are in struggle it is better to pray sitting down than not to pray at all Section 15: Solar and lunar eclipse: Solar: Sunnah Muakadah - 2 units of nafl prayer following imam of Jummah (quiet prayer, and no sermon needed) - If you don’t prayer in jamaat, pray 2 rakaat or 4 and spend rest of time in dua until the sun clears Lunar eclipse: Mustahab - Not prayed in jamaat, Makruh Tahrim to pray in jamaat - Mustahab to also pray when there is extreme darkness, gales and fear of enemy Section 16: Draught prayer - During draught recommended to make the specific dua and ask for forgiveness - Not sunnah Muakadah to have a jamaat but you still can or pray individually - In small towns they gather for 3 days and make dua, no non-Muslims to be present - This is because a dua of a non-believer can be answered  - Allah dosen’t want the Muslim to be affected by fitnah just incase Allah answers the dua of the non-believer over the believer therefore no non-Muslims present Section 17: Sajadah Sahw 4 types of Sajadah 1. Core Sajdah within Salah 2. Sajdah Sahw 3. Sajdah Tilawah 4. Sajadah Shukr Sajdah Sahw (=2 Sajadah) - Read Tashahhud up to Salawaat and then make one salam - Imam Tahawi says go to the end full sitting and then do Sajadah Sahu Examples of Wajib 1. To sit down after 2 rakaats 2. Read tashahhud 3. Standing up straight after reading it 4. Standing after ruku Following imam: - It is Wajib to follow the imam, if you don’t then you do the sajadah Sahw. - If you know the imam made a mistake and he forgot, the men say SubhanAllah, and the woman clap/pat her hand so he knows he’s made a mistake so he can do a Sajdah Sahw. - If he forgets then it’s a valid prayer and dosen’t need repeating - If you are praying latecomer, and then you make a mistake you have do a separate sajadah sahw Forgetting to do a Wajib while praying: If you have missed a Wajib and remember e.g., forget to read Tashahud, and you stand up… and then you go back down, it is Makruh Tahrim as you are currently in a fard of standing and you prefer completing a Wajib of reading Tashahhud. if you stood up partially then it’s okay sit back down. So, continue standing up and read sajdah Sahw - 2 exceptions 1. If you are following imam, sit back down 2. If you are praying ghair Muakadah or nafl Section 18: Sajadah Tilawah: (One Sajadah) When do you do this? - If you are reading any of the 14 ayahs of Sajadah - If you are reading aloud and coming to an ayah of sajadah, mustahab to lower your voice so it dosen’t make it Wajib for people around you to read sajadah tilawah - At any point during your salah you should do your sajadah straight away - If you are doing halaqa of Quran in a group, then Hanafi recommend to act like you are doing Sajadah Tilawah in a jama’, e.g. the reciter stands at front and the others stand behind as if you are doing it in jammat - If you heard it being read, then you have to do sajadah tilawah - You cannot do a sajadah in prayer If imam is not doing it due to forgetting/madhab - You do not need to do this sajadah tilawah after as it was only valid in that prayer - If you are learning/ hifz and you are sat there and keep repeating ayah in one place – then you only have to do one sajadah tilawah - If you change activity e.g. talk, move. then sajadah tilawah is required - 3 steps = change, 3 or more words = change, 3 or more sips of water = change - The only exception is the masjid if you are walking around the mosque and repeating an ayah, the masjid has ruling of one space - Driving – one sajdah only - If you are listing to a Quran hifz student but you are changing your activity = multiple sajadah for you Conditions - Purity (ritual and physical) - Cleanliness - Awrah - Intention - Opening takbir When is prohibited?  - Can be read at any 3 times except from 3 prohibited times, can pray it but better to delay till not prohibited - If a menstruating woman is reading Quran, she is not required to do sajadah tilawah as it was sinful to read it How to do the sajadah outside of prayer: - Takbir and raise hand - Only requirement is touch ground for a split second, everything else is sunnah - Read 3 tasbih How to do the sajadah inside pray: - Takbir, don’t need to raise hands - Before you’ve moved on 3 verses it is Wajib for you to read sajadah tilawah - Wajib you must stand up again and read at least 1 ayah after this as its Makruh Tahrim to go into ruku straight away There is another opinion: - To do a sajdah tilawah in the prayer, and then go back up and read ayah Sajadah Shukr: (One Sajadah) - Valid in the view of 2 students, not of Imam Abu Hanifa - This is for any good news e.g. job, marriage, wealth, calamity has gone away Breaking out of the prayer - Forbidden to break out of the prayer unless there is a reason - If you broke out of a sunnah or nafl with a reason, then it is Wajib to do qada of It How to exit the prayer: - If you catch the salaam of the first salaam you have caught it - Once they say Asslamykum then the prayer is broken Two Fard reasons to break out: 1. Person who calls for your help, - Even if it means your prayer time is finishing - It is haram for you to continue to pray when someone is in need of help 2. If a midwife has genuine concern for the baby or mum - If she hasn’t started salah then it is fard for her to delay salah - If there is a possibility of harm then she is permitted to pray, not fard to stop - Any job that involves saving life then it falls under same principle. Surgery dosen’t fall into that category as there is a opportunity for toilet breaks 6 Reasons its permitted to break out of Salah: 1. Fear of theft of your things or others (Rasul ‫ ﷺ‬gave permission for one to fight to protect your wealth) 2. Fear of attack to property 3. Fear of attack to you or someone else 4. If your parents or spouse calls you (in person or on phone) a. Fard prayer you can’t break out but you should move out of the prayer quicker. b. Praying sunnah/nafl – obligatory to come out of the prayer if they didn’t know you were praying but if they knew then it is permitted to continue prayer or not c. If your parents forbade you from Sunnah/Nafl – then you have to obey them as long as they aren’t telling you to do an act of disobedience d. Reward of obeying parents greater than following sunnah or nafl 5. If you have some concern for child then you are allowed to break out, if you have genuine concern then it is fard to break out a. If you pick up the child, then assume purity but if it is impure nappy then put down child within 3 tasbihs 6. Shahadah 7. If a non-Muslim wants to convert then it is acceptable to come out of the prayer or delay/miss prayer Never delay Shahadah of Muslim