SEAM-3-Module-3.4-Validated PDF

I. **BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MARINE TRANSPORTATION (BSMT)** II. **MTSEAM3 / Cargo Handling and Stowage (Non-Dangerous)** **COURSE CODE** III. **CME MTSEAM3** IV. **SEAM 2** **COURSE CREDIT UNIT** V. **3 UNITS** VI. **Cargo Handling and Stowage (Non-Dangerous)** VII. **General...

I. **BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MARINE TRANSPORTATION (BSMT)** II. **MTSEAM3 / Cargo Handling and Stowage (Non-Dangerous)** **COURSE CODE** III. **CME MTSEAM3** IV. **SEAM 2** **COURSE CREDIT UNIT** V. **3 UNITS** VI. **Cargo Handling and Stowage (Non-Dangerous)** VII. **General lay-out of cargo space** **MODULE NUMBER** VIII. **No.13 (LO 3.4)** IX. **Week 13** X. **CO2: Distinguish the procedure for normal and defective or damaged parts of the ship when inspecting cargo spaces, hatch covers, and ballast tanks in accordance with laid-down procedures** A. **Learning Outcome: At the end of the modules, the students should be able to:** **LO 3.4: Discuss the general lay-out of a cargo space for a:** - **Bulk Carrier** - **Oil Tanker** - **Container Vessel** - **General Cargo Ship** **Written Assessment** B. **STCW Competence Addressed by the Course Module:** C. **STCW KUP Addressed by the Course Module:** **KUP1: Knowledge and ability to explain where to look for damage and defects most commonly encountered due to:** **.1 loading and unloading operations.** **.2 corrosion** **.3 severe weather conditions.** **KUP2: Ability to state which parts of the ship shall be inspected each time in order to cover all parts within a given** **period of time.** **KUP3: Identify those elements of the ship structure which are critical to the safety of the ship.** **KUP4: State the causes of corrosion in cargo spaces and ballast tanks and how corrosion can be identified and** **prevented.** **KUP5: Knowledge of procedures on how the inspections shall be carried out.** **KUP6: Ability to explain how to ensure reliable detection of defects and damages.** **KUP7: Understanding of the purpose of the "enhanced survey programme"** XI. **MODULE RESOURCES** a. **STCW 78 Convention as amended (2017 Edition)** b. **Aligned to JCMMC 01 series of 2023 Annex C1 course specification.** c. **Cargo hold of a bulk carrier** [**https://youtu.be/s\_ok4ZnbjN0**](https://youtu.be/s_ok4ZnbjN0) d. **How An Oil Tanker Works And Designed** e. **How A Container Ship Secures Containers - Design, Safety, Container Locating** f. **Profile view of General Cargo Ship** **Module: Understanding the General Layout of Cargo Spaces in Different Vessel Types** **Module Overview** This module aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the general layout of cargo spaces in various types of vessels. It covers the structural and functional aspects of cargo spaces in bulk carriers, oil tankers, container vessels, and general cargo ships. By the end of this module, participants will be able to identify and describe the cargo space layout and appreciate the unique features and considerations of each vessel type. **Module Contents** 1. **Introduction to Cargo Spaces** **Definition and Importance of Cargo Spaces in Maritime Operations** Cargo spaces refer to the designated areas within a vessel that are specifically designed for the storage and transportation of goods. These spaces are integral to maritime operations, as they determine how effectively and safely cargo can be carried across sea routes. The efficient use of cargo spaces ensures the optimal loading and unloading of goods, maintains the stability and balance of the vessel, and minimizes the risk of damage or loss during transit. **Properly designed and managed cargo spaces are crucial for several reasons:** - **Efficiency**: They allow for the systematic organization of cargo, ensuring that it is easily accessible and can be handled efficiently. - **Safety**: Well-planned cargo spaces prevent the shifting of goods, which can compromise the stability of the ship and pose risks to the crew and vessel. - **Compliance**: Adhering to maritime regulations regarding cargo space design and usage helps ensure the safety of marine environments and the vessels themselves. - **Economics**: Effective cargo space utilization maximizes the vessel's cargo capacity, optimizing shipping costs and increasing profitability. 1. **Bulk Carrier Cargo Space Layout** **Structure and Design** - **Cargo Holds**: Bulk carriers are equipped with several large, open cargo holds that are designed to carry bulk commodities like coal, ore, and grain. These holds are vast, unobstructed spaces to facilitate the storage and handling of loose bulk materials. Each hold is separated by watertight transverse bulkheads, which help maintain the ship\'s structural integrity and stability. - **Hatches**: The cargo holds are accessed through large, rectangular hatches on the deck. These hatches can be opened to allow for the efficient loading and unloading of cargo using cranes or conveyor belts. Hatch covers are designed to be watertight to protect the cargo from the sea and weather conditions. - **Bulkheads**: Transverse bulkheads divide the cargo holds into separate compartments. These bulkheads not only provide structural support but also help in segmenting different types of cargo, preventing cross-contamination and aiding in stability management. **Cargo Hold Arrangement** - **Loading**: Bulk cargo is typically loaded using conveyor belts, grab cranes, or chutes. The large hatches allow for quick and efficient filling of the holds. The cargo is distributed evenly to maintain the ship\'s stability and prevent shifting during transit. - **Storing**: Once loaded, the cargo is leveled to ensure an even distribution. Proper securing techniques are used to minimize movement within the holds. Some bulk carriers may use trimming to level the cargo and reduce air pockets. - **Unloading**: Bulk cargo is unloaded using similar equipment as loading, such as grab cranes or bucket elevators. Unloading operations are performed at specialized bulk terminals equipped with the necessary machinery to handle large volumes of bulk material. **Features** - **Grain or Cargo Separation Arrangements**: Some bulk carriers are equipped with specialized equipment to separate different types of cargo within the same hold. This includes movable bulkheads or partitions that can be adjusted according to the cargo type and volume. - **Ventilation Systems**: Adequate ventilation is crucial in bulk carriers to prevent the build-up of moisture, which can lead to cargo spoilage and structural damage. Ventilation systems ensure a steady flow of air, reducing the risk of condensation and maintaining the quality of the cargo. - **Ballast Tanks**: To maintain stability and control the ship\'s draft, bulk carriers are equipped with ballast tanks. These tanks can be filled with seawater to adjust the vessel\'s balance, particularly when sailing empty or with partial loads. Ballast management is vital for maintaining safe operating conditions. **Usage Examples** - **Transporting Coal**: Bulk carriers are commonly used to transport coal from mining regions to power plants and industrial centers. The large hold capacity and efficient loading/unloading mechanisms make them ideal for this purpose. - **Transporting Ore**: Iron ore and other mineral ores are frequently shipped using bulk carriers. The robust structure of these vessels can handle the heavy weight and large volume of ore cargoes. - **Transporting Grain**: Grain products, such as wheat and corn, are also transported in bulk carriers. Proper ventilation and grain separation equipment ensure the cargo remains in good condition during transit. **Cargo holds of a bulk carrier** [**https://youtu.be/s\_ok4ZnbjN0**](https://youtu.be/s_ok4ZnbjN0) 2. **Oil Tanker Cargo Space Layout** **Structure and Design** - **Cargo Tanks**: Oil tankers are equipped with multiple cargo tanks that are designed to store liquid cargo. These tanks are usually segregated into individual compartments to prevent contamination between different types of liquids. Each tank is constructed to withstand the pressure and corrosive nature of the cargo. - **Pipelines**: A complex network of pipelines runs throughout the tanker, connecting the cargo tanks to the pump room and deck manifolds. These pipelines are used for loading and unloading cargo and are equipped with valves to control the flow of liquids. - **Pump Rooms**: Located centrally within the tanker, the pump room houses pumps and other equipment necessary for transferring cargo to and from the tanks. This area is critical for the efficient handling of liquid cargo and requires careful maintenance to ensure operational safety. **Tank Arrangement** - **Segregated Ballast Tanks**: These tanks are used to maintain the stability of the tanker when it is not fully loaded with cargo. By filling these tanks with seawater, the vessel\'s draft and stability can be controlled. The segregation ensures that the ballast water does not mix with the cargo. - **Slop Tanks**: Used to store residues and washings from the cargo tanks, slop tanks help manage waste and prevent pollution. These tanks collect the remnants from tank cleaning operations, which can be later disposed of in an environmentally safe manner. - **Crude Oil Washing Systems**: Installed in crude oil tankers, these systems use the cargo itself (crude oil) to wash the tanks, reducing the need for water and minimizing cargo residue. This process helps maintain the cleanliness of the tanks and improves cargo efficiency. **Safety Features** - **Inert Gas Systems**: These systems are crucial for preventing explosions and fires by filling the space above the cargo (ullage space) with inert gas, typically nitrogen or exhaust gas, to reduce the oxygen level and make the atmosphere non-flammable. - **Fire Suppression Systems**: Oil tankers are equipped with comprehensive fire suppression systems, including fixed foam monitors, water spray systems, and dry chemical extinguishers, to handle any fire emergencies effectively. - **Spill Containment**: Various spill containment measures are in place to prevent and manage spills, such as double hull designs, which provide an additional barrier between the cargo and the sea, and containment booms that can be deployed during loading and unloading operations to prevent spills from spreading. **Usage Examples** - **Transporting Crude Oil**: Oil tankers are primarily used for transporting crude oil from extraction sites to refineries. The large capacity and specialized design of these vessels make them ideal for carrying significant volumes of crude oil safely and efficiently. - **Transporting Refined Petroleum Products**: Tankers also carry refined products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. These products require careful handling to avoid contamination and ensure quality during transit. - **Transporting Chemicals**: Some oil tankers are designed to transport chemicals, which necessitate additional safety measures and specialized tanks to handle the corrosive and hazardous nature of the cargo. How An Oil Tanker Works And Designed **How An Oil Tanker Works and Designed** [**https://youtu.be/RjRvd04pges**](https://youtu.be/RjRvd04pges) 3. **Container Vessel Cargo Space Layout** **Structure and Design** - **Container Holds**: Container vessels are designed with large, open spaces known as container holds. These holds are structured to accommodate standardized containers (usually 20-foot or 40-foot units). They are designed to maximize space and facilitate the safe stacking of containers. - **Cell Guides**: Vertical guide rails known as cell guides are fixed within the container holds. These guides help in the proper stacking and securing of containers, ensuring they remain aligned and stable during transit. They prevent containers from shifting sideways. - **Lashing Systems**: Lashing systems are used to secure containers to the ship\'s deck and to each other. This system typically includes twist locks, lashing rods, turnbuckles, and lashing bridges. These components work together to hold the containers in place, preventing movement due to waves and ship motion. **Container Arrangement** - **Stack Configuration**: Containers are stacked both below deck in the holds and above deck, depending on the vessel\'s capacity and cargo. The stacking configuration is carefully planned to ensure stability and balance. Heavier containers are usually placed at the bottom, with lighter ones on top. - **Container Numbering**: Each container has a unique identification number and position within the stack. This numbering system is essential for tracking, loading, and unloading operations. The numbering helps ensure that the correct container is accessed at the right time, facilitating efficient cargo management. - **Segregation**: Containers carrying different types of cargo may need to be segregated. For instance, hazardous materials must be stored separately from food products. Proper segregation helps in managing the risks associated with certain types of cargo and complies with safety regulations. **Handling Equipment** - **Gantry Cranes**: Gantry cranes are large, rail-mounted structures used to load and unload containers from the vessel. They are equipped with spreader bars that can adjust to different container sizes, lifting them on and off the ship efficiently. - **Straddle Carriers**: These are vehicles used in container terminals to move containers around the yard. Straddle carriers pick up containers and stack them or place them on transport vehicles. They are highly maneuverable and can quickly transport containers within the terminal. - **Reach Stackers**: Reach stackers are versatile vehicles equipped with an extendable arm, used for handling and stacking containers. They are capable of lifting containers to considerable heights and are particularly useful in smaller terminals where space is limited. **Usage Examples** - **Transporting Consumer Goods**: Container vessels are extensively used for transporting a wide range of consumer goods, from electronics and clothing to household items. The standard container sizes and secure lashing systems ensure that goods are transported safely and efficiently. - **Transporting Machinery**: Heavy machinery and industrial equipment are often transported in containers, providing protection from the elements and easy handling at both ends of the journey. - **Transporting Refrigerated Goods**: Container vessels are equipped to carry refrigerated containers (reefers) that maintain the required temperature for perishable goods like food and pharmaceuticals. These containers have built-in cooling systems and are connected to the ship\'s power supply to ensure continuous refrigeration during transit. **How A Container Ship Secures Containers - Design, Safety, Container Locating** [**https://youtu.be/JebcH4\_LVEU**](https://youtu.be/JebcH4_LVEU) 4. **General Cargo Ship Cargo Space Layout** **Structure and Design** - **Cargo Holds**: General cargo ships are equipped with multiple cargo holds, designed to carry a wide variety of goods. These holds are versatile and can be used for various cargo types, from bulk to breakbulk. The holds are spacious and can be adapted with different configurations to accommodate diverse cargo. - **Tween Decks**: These are additional decks located between the main deck and the bottom of the cargo holds. Tween decks allow for the carriage of smaller, mixed cargoes and provide flexibility in cargo arrangement. They can be adjusted or removed as needed to create more space or better secure different cargo types. - **Hatch Covers**: Hatch covers are robust, watertight lids that cover the cargo holds. They protect the cargo from the elements and seawater. Hatch covers can be opened for loading and unloading operations, and are designed to withstand heavy weather conditions while keeping the cargo secure and dry. **Cargo Handling** - **Loading and Unloading Mechanisms**: General cargo ships use various mechanisms for loading and unloading, depending on the type and size of the cargo. Common mechanisms include: - **Derricks**: These are pivoted crane arms mounted on the ship\'s deck, used to lift cargo from the quay and lower it into the holds. Derricks are manually operated and provide flexibility in handling different cargo types. - **Cranes**: Modern general cargo ships are often equipped with onboard cranes, which are more efficient and can handle heavier loads. These cranes are hydraulic or electric and can move cargo quickly and safely. - **Forklifts and Pallet Jacks**: For smaller and lighter cargoes, forklifts and pallet jacks are used to move goods within the holds and on the deck. **Cargo Segregation** - **Arranging Different Types of Cargo**: Segregating cargo involves organizing and separating different types of goods to prevent damage and ensure safe transport. This is particularly important for hazardous materials, which must be kept apart from other cargoes. - **Securing and Lashing**: Cargo securing and lashing are critical to preventing movement during transit. Techniques include using ropes, chains, straps, and dunnage (material used to stabilize cargo). Proper lashing ensures that cargo remains stable, reducing the risk of damage and maintaining the ship\'s stability. **Usage Examples** - **Transporting Packaged Goods**: General cargo ships can carry a variety of packaged goods, from household items to industrial products. These goods are typically packed in boxes or crates, making them easy to handle and secure. - **Transporting Vehicles**: Vehicles are another common cargo for general cargo ships. They are usually driven or lifted onto the ship, and secured using special lashing equipment to prevent movement. - **Transporting Breakbulk Cargo**: Breakbulk cargo includes items that must be loaded individually, such as machinery, steel beams, or large equipment. These goods are often too large or heavy for standard containers and require special handling and securing techniques.  **Profile view of General Cargo Ship** [**https://youtu.be/BwHk5RFfPJo**](https://youtu.be/BwHk5RFfPJo) +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | XII. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Multiple choice test on the | **After completely discuss LO | | general lay-out of a cargo space | 3.4** | | for a:** | | | | | | - **Bulk Carrier** | | | | | | - **Oil Tanker** | | | | | | - **Container Vessel** | | | | | | - **General Cargo Ship** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | XIII. **FORMATIVE AND | | | OUTCOMEASSESSMENT** | | | | | | - **Bulk Carrier** | | | | | | | | | | | | - **Oil Tanker** | | | | | | - **Container Vessel** | | | | | | - **General Cargo Ship** | | | | | | XIV. **RUBRICS** | | | | | | XV. **FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT MAY BE | | | PART OF THE STUDENT ACTIVITY | | | SHEET GIVEN BY THE** | | | | | | **FACULTY AND SHOULD BE GIVEN | | | IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK** | | | | | | **Activity No.1 -- Result** | | | | | | XVI. **OUTCOME ASSESSMENT IS | | | GIVEN AT THE END OF THE | | | MODULE AND CAN BE GRADED AS | | | PART OF THE CLASS STANDING | | | (MSEUF POLICIES/QSS) (MAJOR | | | EXAM)** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | XVII. **STUDENT REFLECTION (forms | | | will be provided by | | | Department)** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Prepared by:    ** | **Reviewed and | **Approved by: ** | | | validated by: ** | | | **[Capt. Michael D | | ** ** | | Villalon] | ** ** | | | ** | | ** ** | | |  | | | **Instructor** | | **[Capt. Wildy Q. | | | **[Capt. Crispino O | Nagares, | | | Portes]** | PhD.]** | | | | | | | **Department Chair** | **Dean ** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Date: 21 Nov. | **Date: 21 Nov. | **Date: 21 Nov. | | 2024** | 2024** | 2024** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+