UN Millennial Development Goals (MDGs) PDF

UN Millennial Development Goals (MDGs) 9/2000: Millennium Summit. Millennium Declaration: every individual has dignity and the right to freedom, equality, a basic standard of living that includes freedom from hunger and violence and encourages tolerance and solidarity. Ba...

UN Millennial Development Goals (MDGs) 9/2000: Millennium Summit. Millennium Declaration: every individual has dignity and the right to freedom, equality, a basic standard of living that includes freedom from hunger and violence and encourages tolerance and solidarity. Basic UN-speak. But they also adopted 8 concrete MDGs. Measurable, time bound objectives. Accomplish by 2015. MDGs: 1. to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; 2. to achieve universal primary education; 3. to promote gender equality and empower women; 4. to reduce child mortality; 5. to improve maternal health; 6. to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases; 7. to ensure environmental sustainability; and 8. to develop a global partnership for development. Weaknesses/Criticisms: Lack of access to basic health services Needs more focus on gender equality Lack of synergy/interconnectivity among goals Compromised focus on climate and the environment Lack of an enabling environment (institutions!!) Ignores political instability within developing countries  2015 came and went, how did it go? MDGs were meant to be a report card. But countries begin at very different levels; face very different challenges Not comparisons across, but progress relative to where one started Objective indicators A standard against which progress could be measured. Some countries did better than others.  Sustainable Development Goals, 2015 to 2030 Adopted by the all UN member states September 2015. Target date: 2030 (15 year time frame) Formulation of the goals: MDGs: small group of technical experts SDGs: 30 members representing 70 countries Goals and Targets: MDGs: 8 goals; 21 targets SDGs: 17 goals; 169 targets Sustainable Development Goals, 2015-2030 17 goals with 169 targets to be tracked by 232 indicators SDG Tracker From MDGs to SDGs  SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy Target 7.1: Universal access to modern energy Target 7.2: Increase global percentage of renewable energy Target 7.3: Double the improvement in energy efficiency 7.1 focused on the poorer, developing countries 7.2 and 7.3: more about the developed countries. Source: sdg-tracker.org  SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy Target 7.1: Universal access to modern energy Indicator 7.1.1: proportion of population with access to electricity measured as the share of people with electricity access at the household level. Goal: by 2030 universal access to electricity. Indicator 7.1.2: proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology measured as the share of the total population with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking. Access to clean fuels or technologies such as clean cookstoves reduce exposure to indoor air pollutants, a leading cause of death in low-income households. Goal: by 2030 universal access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking. Source: sdg-tracker.org  SDGs and the Triple Bottom Line In the past the sole focus was on economic development. How the currently rich countries developed. But now, a triple bottom line: economic development environmental sustainability social inclusion