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## 2.2 Internet ### 2.2.1 What is the Internet? - The internet is a global network of computers that works much like the postal system. - The internet enables computers to send one another small packets of digital data. - Internet is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks. - The Internet...

## 2.2 Internet ### 2.2.1 What is the Internet? - The internet is a global network of computers that works much like the postal system. - The internet enables computers to send one another small packets of digital data. - Internet is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks. - The Internet has no central computer that controls it. - To avoid conflict between internet addresses an organization founded by the US National Foundation of science is responsible for regulating the internet like registering unique domain names. ### 2.2.2 How it works - Internet data packets carry different types of data for different applications. - Common types include web pages, email messages, and large files that might be digital videos, music files or computer programs. - The web is often used to provide an easy-to-use interface for numerous applications, including email, file transfer, Usenet newsgroups, and messages (Internet Relay Chat). ### 2.2.3 Internet Connection - The Internet connection can be established via one of the following: - Connection Information Service Gateway. - Connect via an Internet Service Provider (ISP): ISP: is a company that provides individuals and organizations with access to the internet. - Dial-up connection: using a modem and telephone line. (very slow about 56Kbps) - Network connection: - Via LAN that connected to the internet such as ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line). ### 2.2.4 Internet Protocol (IP) - Protocol: a set of rules and signals used when computers of the networks communicate. - Example: TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) ### TCP/IP Protocol: - TCP/IP is a communication protocol that permits data transmission over the internet. - The software for this protocol comes with the system as windows. - Each message sent is divided into packets. - The packet is a piece of a message transmitted over the network. - Each packet contains the source address, a destination address, and the data. ### 2.2.5 Internet Browser - Application software that presents you with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for searching, viewing, and managing information over any network. - Examples: Internet Explorer and Netscape Communicator. ### 2.2.6 Domain Name - Each computer on the internet is identified by its unique numeric address which consists of 4 numbers separated by dot with no spaces. - Example: 185.37.12.6 - The IP of the computer is not easy to remember then alphanumeric addresses are used as www.aaup.edu. - To translate Internet addresses to their numeric values there is a server called DNS (Domain Name Server) is used. - This is a program (software) that runs on the computer server of LAN.