Scottish English Accent PDF

Scottish English Accent Three languages are spoken in Scotland: Gaelic, Scots and Scottish English. Gaelic: Celtic language introduced from Ireland spoken mostly in the Highlands. Scots: language originated from a northern variety of Old English with Scandinavian and Norman French elements. Scot...

Scottish English Accent Three languages are spoken in Scotland: Gaelic, Scots and Scottish English. Gaelic: Celtic language introduced from Ireland spoken mostly in the Highlands. Scots: language originated from a northern variety of Old English with Scandinavian and Norman French elements. Scottish English: originated from the Standard Southern variety of English English with influence from Scots (and Gaelic). SSE is a rhotic accent. **/r/ is usually realised as a tap \[ɾ\] in all environments \ \[ɾɛd̠\] \ \[ˈvɛɾɪ\] \ \[baɾ\].** **\[ɹ\] is common too (and considered more prestigious) in V+/r/+ C position (\).** **/l/ is realised as \[ɫ\] in most contexts \ \[ˈɫɪt̠ˡɫ̩\] \ \[əˈɫʌʉ\].** when **\[ɾ\]** occurs before **\[ɫ\]** as in \ \ the two consonants usually form a new syllable **\[ˈwʌɾɫ̩d̠\] \[ˈɡɛːɾɫ̩\]** with **\[ɫ\]** becoming syllabic = **\[ɫ̩\]**. The phoneme **/ʍx/ (voiceless velar fricative) is a phoneme present in Gaelic and Scots retained in proper names \ \[ˈt̠ʌɫʌx\], \ \[baɫaˈxʉɫɪʃ\] and in \ \[ɫɔːx\] and the exclamative \ \[ɔːx\].** Scottish English vowels are difficult to account for due to the significant geographical variation and the influence of Scots. There is great regional variation in the realization of Scots vowels as well as in Scottish English. Length of vowels is altered by the context they occur in. The **Scottish Length Vowel Rule** or **Aitken's Law** explains this phenomenon. There is no contrast or ther is lack of distinction between **FOOT** and **GOOSE**. They merge into the fronted vowel /ʉ/: \ \[mʉd̠\], \[ɡʉd\] \ \[pʉɫ\] \ \[ɫʉk\]. There is no **BATH** and **TRAP** distinction. They merge into **/a/** \ \[sam\] \ \[an̠t̠\]. Lack of distinction between **THOUGH** and **LOT**. They merge into /ɔ/ \ \[st̠ɔk\] \ \[d̠ɔn̠\] Like in GA there are no diphthongs /ɪə/ /eə/ (=\[ɛː\]) /ʊə/ \, \, \ and pronounced \[hiːɾ̥\] \[ðeːɾ̥\] \[d̠ʉːɾ̥\]. The GB diphthongs /eɪ/ /əʊ/ are monophthongs in SE \ \ \[ɟet̠\] \[bot̠\]. All vowels, except /ɪ/, /ʌ/ and schwa, are pronounced longer before a voiced fricative /v ð z/, before /r/, at morpheme boundary or word finally (= before pause). \ \[ɡɾin̠\], \ \[ɡɾit̠\], \ \[ɡɾid̠\], but \ \[əˈɡɾiːd̠\] \ \[bɾʉt̠\], \ \[brʉd̠\], but \ \[bɾʉːd̠\] \ \[bɾʉːz\] \ \[hiːɾ̥\] \ \[siː\] The exceptions are /ɪ/, /ʌ/ and /ə/.