science test revision.docx

Cells and tissues +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1: Explain the difference between | Plant cells have a cell wall and | | a plant and an animal cell. | chloroplasts whereas animal cells | | | do not have a cell wa...

Cells and tissues +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1: Explain the difference between | Plant cells have a cell wall and | | a plant and an animal cell. | chloroplasts whereas animal cells | | | do not have a cell wall or | | | chloroplasts. | +===================================+===================================+ | 2: The two main types of cells | Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus | | are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. | and membrane-bound organelles but | | What are the similarities and | eukaryotic cells do not. | | differences? What types of | Prokaryotic cells include | | organisms are made up of these | animals, fungi and plants, | | cell types? | eukaryotic cells include bacteria | | | and archaea. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3: Explain the Hierarchy of life | The levels of organisation goes | | | from the cell which is the | | 0 tunsKs \~ 0 uone1nd0d tus!ue6J0 | smallest to a more complex one | | = 30 | which is a population. Cells | | | group together to form a tissue, | |   | tissues work together to form | | | organs and organs work together | | | to form body systems and so on. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+     Requirements for life ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1: Explain the 4 main requirements for human life on Earth, and will explain the effects of these on the human body. The main requirements for human life include, food (nutrition), water, a range of temperatures and oxygen. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     Body Systems +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1: What is a body system? | A body system is a group of | | | organs that work together to | | | complete life processes. | +===================================+===================================+ | 2: Give one sentence overview for |  | | **Nervous system** - the nervous | | | system consists of the brain, |   | | spinal cord and neurons. Its main | | | function is to sense things, | | | integrate and respond. | | | | | | **Endocrine system** - The | | | endocrine system consists of | | | hormones and glands. The hormones | | | send messages throughout the | | | body. | | | | | | **Reproductive system -** The | | | main function of the reproductive | | | system is to produce sperm and | | | egg cells. | | | | | |   | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+     The Nervous System +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1: [Describe] the | The nervous system consists of | | function of the nervous system. | the brain, spinal cord and | | | neurons. The nervous systems main | |   | function is to sense things, then | | | integrate and then respond to | | | them e.g. making your muscles | | | move. | +===================================+===================================+ | 2: [Describe] the | The CNS is made up of the brain | | function of the central nervous | and spinal cord. The brain | | system (CNS) and the peripheral | processes all the information and | | nervous system (PNS). | sends signals to the spinal cord | | | and the PNS. The PNS sends | |   | information to the brain and also | | | receives information form the | | | brain and then carries out the | | | command. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3: Label the parts of the neuron. |   | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 4: Complete the table by | +--------------+--------------+ | | [stating] the | | Part of | Function | | | function of each part of the | | Neuron | | | | neuron. | +==============+==============+ | | | | Dendrites |  receive | | |   | | | information | | | | | | from other | | | | | | neurons. | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | Soma |  contains | | | | | | genetic | | | | | | information, | | | | | | maintains | | | | | | the neurons | | | | | | structure | | | | | | and provides | | | | | | energy. | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | Axon |   | | | | | | | | | | | |  To | | | | | | communicate | | | | | | via | | | | | | electrical | | | | | | impulses. | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | Myelin |  allows | | | | | Sheath | electrical | | | | | | impulses to | | | | | | travel | | | | | | quickly and | | | | | | efficiently. | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | Axon |   | | | | | terminal | | | | | | |  stores | | | | | | neurotransmi | | | | | | tters | | | | | | that release | | | | | | at the | | | | | | synapse. | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | Synapse | Connects | | | | | | neurons and | | | | |   | transmits | | | | | | information | | | | |   | from one | | | | | | neuron to | | | | |   | the other. | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | |   | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 5: What is a reflex? | A quick and involuntary action | | | that protects your body from | | | danger. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+     The Endocrine System +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | [1: Name] 3 glands | Pituitary gland, adrenal gland | | that can be found in the human | and the thyroid gland | | body. | | | | | |   | | +===================================+===================================+ | 2: [Name] 3 hormones | Adrenaline -fight or flight | | and state their role in the human | process, melatonin - sleep and | | body | cortisol - stress. | | | | |   | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3: How do hormones interact with | Hormones interact with target | | target cells? | cells by binding together with | | | hormone receptors to make the | | | cells do things. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+     Homeostasis 1: Explain the term homeostasis and why it is important? Homeostasis is organ systems working together to maintain a consistent environment in the body. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2: What are the two systems that control all body processes? Explain the similarities and differences between them. The nervous systema and endocrine system control all body processes. Both endocrine and nervous system control, coordinate and respond in different processes. The endocrine system uses hormones to send messages to the body while the nervous system uses electrical impulses to send messages to the body. 3: Explain what a negative feedback loop is an use an example to support your answer. Negative feedback maintains homeostasis, it is when a signal is increased and then decreased to maintain homeostasis. An example would if your body temperature is too high then the negative feedback loop will try and reduce that amount to its set point.     The Brain +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [Label] |  | | | the brain: | | | | |   | | | Temporal lobe, | | | | Occipital lobe, | | | | Frontal lobe, | | | | Cerebellum, | | | | Brainstem, Parietal | | | | Lobe | | | | | | | |   | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Label the parts of |   | | | the brain and | | | | describe what they | | | | do. | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | |   | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Number** | **Name** | **Function** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Pons | Transmits signals | | | | between your | | | | forebrain and | | | | cerebellum  | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Thalamus |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Brainstem |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Cerebral cortex |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Cerebellum |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Midbrain |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Corpus callosum |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Hypothalamus |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Medulla |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Hippocampus |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Pituitary gland |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |   | Spinal cord |   | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+     Reproduction +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1: What is reproduction? | Reproduction is when living | | | things produce offspring. This | | | can be done asexual and sexual. | +===================================+===================================+ | 2: What is the difference between | Asexual reproduction is when one | | asexual and sexual reproduction? | individual produces offspring | | What are some advantages and | that is identical to itself. | | disadvantages of each process? | Sexual reproduction is when two | | | individuals create offspring that | | | is genetically diverse. | | | Advantages of asexual | | | reproduction is involves only 1 | | | parent, involves regular body | | | cells and its quick. | | | Disadvantages of asexual | | | reproduction - does not lead to | | | genetic variation in the | | | population. Advantages of sexual | | | reproduction - increased genetic | | | variability, Disadvantages - | | | finding a mate. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3: Label the parts of the human |  | | reproductive system and revise | | | their functions. |   | | | | | |  | | | | | |   | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 4: Describe the changes that | The menstrual cycle is a periodic | | occur in the menstrual cycle. | cycle where the lining of the | | | uterus sheds because a fertilised | | | egg was not implanted. | | | | | |   | | | | | |   | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 5: Describe the process of sexual | When pollen gets transferred to | | reproduction in plants. | the stigma the male gametes from | | | pollen grains release and fuse | | | with the egg in the ovule to form | | | a zygote (fertilisation) The | | | zygote then forms into an embryo | | | and then finally into a seed. | | | | | |   | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 6: What are some ways plants can | Some ways that plants can | | reproduce asexually? | reproduce sexually is through | | | budding, fragmentation, | | | vegetative propagation and spore | | | formation. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+