Science Reviewer (For Mother Tree 3) PDF
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Summary
This document is a review of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It covers different structures and functions. It also contains information about gene mutations and protein synthesis. The document's structure and content are like a study guide or a textbook chapter on the subject
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Science Reviewer (For Mother Types of Glycans: Tree 35 - Insertion and deletion are stop codons Cell - Nucleus - Chromosome - Stop Codon - Terminates Process Histones - DNA - Gene Only Start Co...
Science Reviewer (For Mother Types of Glycans: Tree 35 - Insertion and deletion are stop codons Cell - Nucleus - Chromosome - Stop Codon - Terminates Process Histones - DNA - Gene Only Start Codon - AUG Types of Gene Mutations Methionine A. Point 1. Substitution - one is replaced Francis Crick - Central Dogma of CCC - CCG Molecular Biology B. Frameshift 1. Insertion - Addition of one 1. Replication - Happens in CCC - CCG C- - Becomes STP Nucleus DNA. 2. Deletion - Removal of one - DNA is Copied into a Template CCC - CC - Becomes STP - 3’ - 5’ TGA ACT CGA - DNA Chromosomal Mutations ACT TGA GCT - DNA 1. Deletion 2. Duplication 2. Transcription - Happens in the 3. Inversion Ribosomes. 4. Translocation - DNA Into RNA 5. Isochromosome - Can result in Coding Strand - Not copied Monosome DNA Template/Non-coding/Antisense End Results of a mutation: strand - Base for reading mRNA. Is copied 1. Silent - Codon Changes but Amino Acid Doesnt a. Initiation - RNA Polymerase Ex. GCC - Alanine binds to promoter to read template GCU - Still Alanine strand 2. Missense - Codon and Amino Acid Change Ex. UGC- Cysteine GGC - Is now Glycine b. Elongation - DNA splits and addition of nucleotides happens to mRNA strand Nucleotides are complementary, thymine is now uracil ACT TGA GCT - DNA UGA ACU CGA - RNA c. Termination - the process ends and the mRNA detaches from the DNA SPECIAL CASE: Reverse Transcriptase - found in some viruses (HIV) - Can reverse the process and increase chances for mutations 3. Translation - mRNA into Proteins a. Initiation - Ribosome binds mRNA to the start codon AUG or methionine b. Elongation - mRNA is complemented to make an amino acid chain c. Termination - Stop codon UAG UAA or UGA is reached and the process stops and detaches.
