Environmental Science Past Module: 2021 PDF

7 Environmental Science Quarter 3- Module: 2 Explain the Causes and Effects of Natural Disasters to Humans and Environment DIVISION OF ANGELES CITY Environmental Science – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3: Module 2: Explain the Causes and Effects of Natura...

7 Environmental Science Quarter 3- Module: 2 Explain the Causes and Effects of Natural Disasters to Humans and Environment DIVISION OF ANGELES CITY Environmental Science – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3: Module 2: Explain the Causes and Effects of Natural Disasters to Humans and Environment First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Regional Director: May B Eclar PhD, CESE III Assistant Regional Director: Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO V Development Team of the Module Writer: Angelica M. Tayag Editors: Lorie l. Macatula, Analiza P. Coricor, Suzzette M. Ramirez Reviewers: Gemima A. Estrabillo, Hermes Vargas, Adrian Tamayo, Emily F. Sarmiento, Noel S. Reganit, Krislene Ida N. Mercado Ryan Sapao, Billy Ray B. Manuel, Marvin R. Leano, Gemmarie G. Rivas Illustrator: Angelica M. Tayag Layout Artists: Ray Jason Sanguyu, Anthony D. Taruc Management Team: May B. Eclar PhD, CESO V Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO V Ma. Irelyn P. Tamayo PhD, CESE Fernandina P. Otchengco PhD, CESE Librada M. Rubio PhD Ma. Editha R. Caparas EdD Emily F. Sarmiento, PhD Gemima A. Estrabillo, PhD Rochella C. David Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region III – Schools Division of Angeles City Office Address: Jesus St., Pulungbulu, Angeles City Telephone: (045) 322-5722; 322-4702 888-0582; 887-6099 E-mail Address: [email protected]  7 Environmental Science Quarter 3- Module: 2 Explain the Causes and Effects of Natural Disasters to Humans and Environment Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master causes and effects of natural disasters to humans and environment. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. The module is about: the causes and effects of natural disasters on humans and the environment. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. explain the causes and effects of natural disasters on humans and the environment. 1  What I Know Natural Disasters Direction: Create an Information Chart about natural disasters. INTRODUCTION What is a natural disaster? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ INFORMATION SHEET Write down information about each type of natural disaster. Provide a brief description, its causes, and effects. Earthquakes: __________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Floods: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Typhoons: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Volcanic Eruptions: ____________________________________ ____________________________________________ CONCLUDING STATEMENT _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2  Lesson Causes and Effects of 1 Natural Disasters to Human and Environment What’s In Hello students! In our previous lesson, you discovered the different pollutants that harm humans and the environment. These pollutants pose a danger resulting in contamination of landscapes, bodies of water, city skies, and these may even adversely affect living things. Through that lesson, you become an advocate to help spread awareness on reducing the production of these harmful materials and protecting our Mother Nature from being destroyed. Let’s see if you still remember the previous lesson. Can you identify the pollutants and the type of pollution shown in the picture? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3  What’s New Few believe that when the stars and planets are in a malevolent position, bad events may happen. No person would want to experience unlucky events or even disastrous events. However, in reality, disasters are the impact of natural and man- made events that influence our lives and the environment surrounding us, not from superstitious sources. Any disaster can be classified either as ‘natural’ or ‘man-made.’ The most common natural disasters known to humankind are thunderstorms, severe rainfalls, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and floods causing loss of life and destruction to property. ACTIVITY 1: Flash News! Direction: Identify the natural calamities described by the weather anchor on the local news. After you find out, unscramble the circled letters to answer the riddle! 1. It is a frightening funnel and a swirling vortex! __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 2. It is a monstrous made from overflowing rain! __ __ __ __ __ __ 3. It is a massive, watery crest with incredible power! __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4  4. It is a crust-shaking, seismic seizure! __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 5. It is an intense, hot, molten mayhem with molten lava! __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Riddle: I bring harm. I leave debris and a few survivors. What am I? What Is It Natural disasters are catastrophic events with atmospheric, geological, and hydrological origins. UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) defines it as “a natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage”. Loss of life and property due to natural disasters like tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions etc., is considerable. Today, warning facilities are already available, and by mitigation measures, loss of lives and properties can be minimized. The meteorological services around the world provide warnings to the public on some of the weather-related natural disasters. In the Philippines, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology or PHIVOLCS are government agencies that the public can rely on. Since natural disasters cannot be prevented, taking proper long-term and short-term disaster mitigation measures can minimize life and property loss. Some common disasters known to occur in our country are: A. Floods Floods are defined as a relatively high flow of water discharged from the river and stream network, which sets the riverbank margins to overflow and lead to the submerging of low land areas surrounding the riverbed. It is essentially a physical 5 phenomenon. Floods arise from abnormally heavy rains, dam failures, snow melts, and river blockages. Flood disasters rank second only to droughts in the total number of people affected worldwide. Causes of Flooding: 1. Heavy Rainfall - too much rain causes water to flow overland contributing to flooding. It is due to high rainfall over a prolonged period. 2. Dam Breakage - dams are human-made structures used to hold water from flowing down from a raised ground. At times, the walls can become weak and break because of overwhelming carriage capacity. Consequently, breakage of the dam can cause extensive flooding in the neighboring areas. 3. River Overflows - rivers or streams can overflow their banks. It happens when the river or stream holds more water upstream than usual, and it flows downstream to the neighboring low-lying areas. 4. Lakes and Coastal Flooding - lake and Coastal flooding occur when large storms or tsunamis cause the water body to surge inland. 5. Clogged Drainages - clogged or lack of a proper drainage system is usually the cause of this type of flooding. Effects of Flooding: 1. The force of flood, combined with high tide and erosion, damage residential and commercial buildings. It may even be more destructive in villages lying in the coastal areas as flood sweeps away everything in its path. In mountainous areas it is the chief cause of landslides. 2. Fishermen, local people, cattle, animals, and vegetation suffer a significant loss of life and property. Most of the deaths are reported to be from drowning. 3. Supplies of fresh and potable water in all types and sources are nearly destroyed and contaminated. Hence, affected areas may suffer the risk of waterborne diseases. 4. The destruction of food and fodder crops result in an acute food shortage. 5. Floods also make soil infertile, as the topsoil is lost due to erosional activity. 6. Floods are also known to preserve wetlands and recharge groundwater. B. Earthquakes An earthquake happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another (source: usgs.gov). The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter. The location directly above it, on the surface of the earth, is called the epicenter. 6  Cause of Earthquakes: Earthquakes are caused mainly by the imbalance in any part of the crust of the earth. Other causes of earthquakes occur due to volcanic eruptions, faulting and folding, gaseous expansion, and contraction inside the earth. Effects of Earthquakes: 1. Landslides – Landmasses with weak foundations cause landslides and debris falls, which damage settlements and transport systems on the lower slope segments. 2. Damage to Life and property - Structures such as buildings, roads, rails, factories, dams, and bridges suffer colossal damage from earthquakes, thus causing a heavy loss for both human life and property. 3. Damages to Government Infrastructure – the various cities and towns are worst affected due to a large concentration of human population, commercial complexes, and residential areas. 4. Fire Hazard – Severe fire outbreaks in buildings, houses, and factories occur when earthquakes produce strong oscillations. 5. Landmass Deformation – Due to a strong vibration produced by earthquakes, the shapes of landmasses are altered. 6. Flash Floods - Strong seismic events result in the damages of dams and cause severe flash floods. 7. Tsunamis - The seismic waves caused by the earthquakes traveling through seawater, generate high sea waves, and cause significant loss of life and property. C. Typhoons Tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating warm air and water created from a low- pressure area. It always forms over oceans where sea surface temperature is greater than 26 degrees Celsius. The term ‘Typhoon’ is used when a tropical cyclone is developed in the northwest Pacific basin. Cause of Typhoon: Typhoons happen when needed components are combined, which favors the development of typhoons. It is due to warm ocean water, low atmospheric stability, and a moist atmosphere. Effects of Typhoon: 1. Flooding – results in the drowning of people, plants, and animals. 2. Destruction of livestock - livestock and other domesticated animals suffer when exposed for a long time to violent winds and torrential rains. 3. Soil erosion - excessive rain can cause plants to drown, and it also causes soil erosion. 7  4. Damages to buildings and infrastructure - the heavy and persistent rainfall and coastal storm surge that typhoons bring can also have devastating effects making homes uninhabitable. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in the Philippines There are compelling reasons why the Philippines should adopt disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) and climate change adaptation (CCA). It is exposed to disasters and hazards due to its geography and geology and the presence of internal disputes in some areas. Tropical cyclones and their sequential effects of rain and windstorms, and floods are the most prevalent hydro-meteorological hazards. These typhoons resulted in 13,155 human casualties, and more than 51 million families have been affected. Economic losses due to typhoon damages in agriculture, infrastructures, and private properties are estimated to reach P158.242-B. Environmental factors such as denuded forests aggravate flood risks. The pace of deforestation since the 1930s accelerated in the 1950s and 1960s, before falling slightly in the 1980s. Even now, the effects of loose soil and reduced forest cover from past forestry activities are felt in frequent landslides and floods. (Source: The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, 2011) The Philippines is also situated along a highly seismic area lying along the Pacific Ring of Fire and is highly prone to earthquakes. According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the country experiences an average of five (5) earthquakes a day. Based on both the HFA progress reports and the SNAP review and using the four (4) DRRM aspects under RA 10121, the following are the country’s successes in DRRM: (source: The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, 2011) I. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Conduct risk assessments in various areas in the country. Development and establishment of several early warning systems Development of tools on risk assessment The increasing involvement of communities and local government units (LGUs) in disaster risk management Development of DRRM mainstreaming tools into the national and sub- national planning systems National institutional and legal frameworks in DRRM Presence of functional multi-sectoral platforms Resource allocation II. Disaster Preparedness Conduct of DRRM various research work. Conduct of multi-stakeholders’ dialogues. Conduct various capacity building activities. Development and regular review of contingency plans Development of information, education, and communication (IEC) materials 8  Development of information and database generation Inclusion of DRRM into school curricula (especially in basic education) Existence of procedures on disaster communication III. Disaster Response Established institutional mechanisms for disaster response operations Improved skills in search, rescue, and retrieval operations IV. Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery Mainstreaming of DRR in social, economic, and human settlements development plans Conduct post-disaster assessments. Integration of DRR into post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes Incorporating DRR elements in the planning and management of human settlements What’s More ACTIVITY 1: Matching Disaster! Direction: Match the name of a natural disaster with its appropriate illustration below. Tornado Landslide Forest fire Typhoon Tsunami Drought Lightning Floods Volcanic Eruption Earthquake 9 Guide Questions: 1. What is a natural disaster? Can you give some examples? 2. What are the significant damages caused by a natural disaster? ACTIVITY 2: A Natural Researcher! Direction: Choose a natural disaster to research. Write a summary of your research. Natural Disaster: ________________________________ Write the website/book/newspaper you visited for this information: _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Summary: _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Guide Questions: 1. In your opinion, what is the worst natural disaster that you know of? Why? 2. What natural disasters could happen where you live? 10 Activity 3: Cause and Effect Direction: Analyze and organize the information. Complete the cause and effect chart below. Natural Disaster Cause Effect 1. Earthquakes 2. Volcanic Eruptions 3. Floods 4. Typhoon 5. Landslide Guide Questions: 1. Identify three natural disasters along with their causes. 2. Cite at least three examples of natural disaster and their causes. 3. What are some ways we can prepare ourselves in advance to cope with these disasters? Activity 4: Speaking Card Direction: Let us talk about natural disasters by answering the question cards below. 1. What was the last 2. Have you ever seen 3. What are some natural disaster you problems people often a natural disaster saw on TV/social have after a natural media? Where did it movie? Talk about it. disaster? happen, and how did it affect people? Guide Questions: 1. What do we need to do before the occurrence of a natural disaster? 2. What do we need to do during the occurrence of a natural disaster? 3. What do we need to do after the occurrence of a natural disaster? 11  What I have Learned Concept Map Direction: Using the concept map below, think of a natural disaster and provide its causes and effects. _____________________________________________ Natural Disaster Causes: Effects: ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________ ________________ Ways on preventing: ________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ _____________________________ 12  What I Can Do Direction: Choose two activities that you would like to do. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Share your ideas with someone! List 10 places you What are you going What will happen want to go with to do if an to a school near your family where earthquake river if a flashflood tsunamis do not happens while you happens? occur. are taking a bath? List A-Z names of typhoons occurred What if you are in Philippines. stuck in elevator while a fire hazard happened? How would you List 3 things that a List 5 words that escape a flood tsunami and this illustration using basin, ladle, earthquake have in represents a and pair of socks? common. typhoon. First Activity: ______________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Second Activity: ___________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 13  Assessment Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. It is a natural process by which an extreme event disturbs the balance of life. a. flood b. disaster c. soil erosion d. natural disaster 2. Which of these local services provide information to the public for some weather- related natural disasters? a. DENR b. PAGASA c. PHIVOLCS d. USGS 3. Which BEST describes flooding? a. a body of water with contamination b. a body water where everyone can swim c. degradation of water because of pollutants d. overflowing water caused by heavy rainfall 4. The following are causes of flooding apart from: a. soil erosion b. breaking of dam c. clogged drainages d. lakes and coastal overflowing 5. It is the location where an earthquake starts. a. asthenosphere b. epicenter c. hypocenter d. lithosphere 6. Which BEST describes the effect of earthquakes? a. Earthquake may cause tsunamis and faults. b. People will feel dizzy due to the vibration of the earth. c. Flash floods may occur due to vibration under the Pacific Ocean. d. Earthquakes claim human life and damage properties and infrastructures. 14 7. It is known as a matured tropical cyclone coming from the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. a. hurricane b. tornado c. typhoon d. storm 8. The following are effects of typhoon except: a. tsunami b. earthquake c. soil erosion d. destruction of livestock 9. What is the reason why the Philippines has been experiencing flood risks since the 1930s? a. Deforestation has been degrading soil. b. The Philippines is situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire. c. The country experiences an average of five earthquakes a day. d. Tsunamis usually occur as the Philippines is a known archipelago. 10. The following are DRRM aspects under RA 10121 except: a. Disaster Response b. Disaster Preparedness c. Disaster Coverage and Adaptation d. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 15  Additional Activities Flyer for Awareness! What can you do to spread awareness about the causes and effects of natural disasters? Make an information flyer that showcases the cause, effects, and prevention of natural disasters here in the Philippines. (Example of an information flyer) 16  Rubrics for Information Flyer Category 4 3 2 1 It includes all All required All but (1) of the required Several elements the required Required elements as required are included elements are Elements well as elements on the included additional were missing. poster. on the poster. information. All graphics All graphics are are related to All graphics Graphics are related to the the topic, and are related to not related to topic and make most make it the the topic or it easier to easier to topic. One or several Graphic understand. All understand. two borrowed Relevance borrowed Some borrowed graphics do graphics borrowed graphics have not have a have a citation graphics have a citation citation source a citation source. source source The flyer is The flyer is The flyer is The flyer is distractingly exceptionally attractive in acceptably messy or Attractivenes attractive in terms of attractive very poorly s terms of design, design, though it may designed. It layout, and layout, and be a bit is not neatness. neatness. messy. attractive. The work is adequate but The work was The effort was The effort was could have completed Effort far beyond that completely been with required. satisfactory. improved minimum with more effort. effort. 17  18 What’s In What’s More 1. Air pollution - smoke from vehicles Activity 1 2. Soil pollution – fertilizers 1. Earthquake 3. Noise pollution – airplanes 2. Tsunami 4. Water Pollution – garbage 3. Forest fire 5. Radioactive Pollution - radioactive materials 4. Typhoon 5. Tornado What’s New 6. Lightning 7. Drought 1. Typhoon 8. Floods 2. Floods 9. Volcanic eruption 3. Tsunami 10. Landslide 4. Earthquake 5. Volcanic Eruption Riddle: Disaster Act ivity 2 Act ivity 3 Possible answer: Possible Answer 1. Earthquakes Typhoon Yolanda C: Earthquakes happens due to volcanic Website: eruptions and contraction inside the earth. www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/typ E: It causes landslides and damages to hoon-haiyan-(yolanda) infrastructures. 2. Tsunamis Summary: C: Tsunamis occur when movement of faults in On 8 November 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan oceanic floor happens. (known locally as Yolanda) swept across the E: It causes flooding and damages to properties. 3. Floods Philippines affecting 16 million people. More C: Floods happens due to dam breakage or than 28 000 were injured and 6 300 died. clogged drainages. E: Potable water may be contaminated and may suffer waterborne diseases. 4. Typhoon C: It is created from a low pressure are which is developed in the northwest pacific basin. E: It may create flooding and soil erosion. 5. Landslide C: Foundation of soil weakens due to accumulated water from flooding. E: Sewage disposal and roadways may be damaged. Act ivity 4 Answers may vary Assessment What I have Learned 1. d Answers may vary. 2. b 3. d What I Can Do 4. a 5. c Answers may vary 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. a 10.c Answer Key References Bartleby. 2020. The Cause and Effects of Typhoons. Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3oxaVkY DILG. 2011. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan. P. 11-12. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/39iuFCh Earth Eclipse. 2020. What is Flood? Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3nxiUgC Science Direct. 2021. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from http://bit.ly/2XH3onX Sciencing. 2018. The Causes of Floods. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3q4RWyv Singh, Y.K. 2006 Environmental Science, New Delhi, P. 61-81. Retrieved from: http://rvskvv.net/images/Environmental-Science_23.04.2020.pdf Tropical Weather. 2020. What causes Typhoons. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2Xtnhyx USGS.gov. 2020. The Science of Earthquakes. Retrieved from: http://on.doi.gov/3sbHfMr USGS.gov. 2020. What is an Earthquake, and how it happens? Retrieved from: http://on.doi.gov/38z54FW 19 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Region III- Schools Division of Angeles City Jesus St., Pulungbulu, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines 2009 Telefax: (045) 322-5722; 322-4702; 888-0582; 887-6099 Email Address: [email protected]