Science Chapter 5 Quiz Notes.pdf

Science Chapter 5 Quiz Notes The particle theory of matter summarizes what scientists have learned about matter Particle Theory: 1. All matter is made of particles 2. different things are made of different particles 3.Particles are always i...

Science Chapter 5 Quiz Notes The particle theory of matter summarizes what scientists have learned about matter Particle Theory: 1. All matter is made of particles 2. different things are made of different particles 3.Particles are always in motion 4. As heat is added particles speed up 5. Particles are attracted to each other (force of attraction) Pure Subtances are made of one kind of particle for example 24k gold or distilled water Mixtures are made of 2 or more particles for example hot chocolate it has coco powder, sugar , milk etc. THERE ARE 2 MAIN TYPES OF MIXTURES Mechanical ( heterogenous) have different particles you can see ( solids) Solution (homogenous) different particles you cannot see with the naked eye( liquids) Gases could be could be a mechanical mixture like when its ( ex fog) or they could be solutions( ex air ) Metals can also be solutions and they are called alloys. Elements are only one substance while a pure compound is only one type of compound Physical Properties give us information on what a substance is like. This can be determined with the five senses – touch smell taste hearing and sight. Our observations of physical properties can be classified in 2 ways qualitive which is when something DOES NOT have numerical value so smell color etc.. A quanitive can be counted or measured and has numerical value Some physical properties include : Lusture – shininess( sliver) or dullness ( rusty nail) Clarity – ability for light to shine through –opaque(brick wall) translucent (wax paper) , transparent (glass window) Brittleness – breakability( glass) or flexibility( modling clay) Viscosity – thickness of a fluid - honey is more viscous than water Hardness- relative ability to scratch or to be scratched by another substance wax is low with hardness while diamonds are high Malleability- hammered into shape ; molded foil is malleable while glass will break Ductility- to be pulled into a finer strand copper can be drawn into wires and are considered ductile Conductivity- transmits electricity - copper wires high conductivity while plastics do not Physical Changes: the substance has seemed to change but composition remains the same - Change of state ex ice to water - Change of size ex a paper cut in half - Change of shape ex molding clay - Dissolving in water ex sugar being dissolved in water Chemical proporty describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in its composition and produce new substances All substances have chemical properties for example they burn or react with air or water Chemical Change is a change in the starting substance(s) and the procution of one or more new substances Signs a Chemical Change has occured - A change in colour – a new substance has formed that has a diffrent colour than the original sunstance(s) ex rust - A change of smell- a new substance has formed a dectable odour ex rotting - Bubbles are visible that are not caused by heating – a new substance is produced in the form of a gas ex when vingear and baking soda are mixed - A new solid is seen – a new substance that is produced and does not disslove in a mixture and shows up as a solid. The solids that are formed are ofte powdery ca called precipitates ex salty water boling and making salt - A change in temp or light- energy – energy is reasled or abosred during the chemica change amd is decated as a change in temp or light ex lighting a candle WHMIS – workplace hazardous materials information systems. Provides information about hazards or substances on their lables so all users know how to handle them safely Name What is it Risks Example s Flammable Materials Can catch on Gasoline and that can fire and or alcohol easily catch countinue to on fire or self brun after react being exposed to flame Oxidzing Oxidizing Could cause Bleach gases liquids flammable clorine and solids material to burn or support combustion Compressed Gased Could explode Helium Gas stored under if heated Propane tank pressure Corrosive Substances Chemical Sulfuric acid that break burn eye down metals damage and tissues corrostive for metals corrostive for metals Explosion Self reactive Materials may Sodium Metal and explode or ( NA) explosive combust if handled worng Harmful or Posionous Could cause Carbon Fatel materials to immediate monoxide humans toxic effects Health Toxic Long term asbestos Hazards materials respritory issues cancer and organ toxicity Harmful Causes less Skin irrtation Expoxy serious eye damage glues effects such and respirtory as coughinga issues and inflammatio n Harmful to Aquatic May be bioaccumulation environment toxity harmful to sea life or could cause long term issue son  the environment Biohazardous Organisms disease fungi Materials or toxins that transmisstion can cause disseases in humans or animals A Characteristic Physical Property is unique to a substance and can be used to identify the substance. This can be determined without changing the composition of the sample. Melting/ freezing boiling point Melting point is the temperature at which substances changes state from a solid to a liquid. Boiling point is the temperature which a substance changes state rapidly from a liquid to a gas Freezing point is when a substance changes state from a liquid to solid Different substances melt and boil and different temperatures. For example, liquid nitrogen boils at 196 degrees and butter melts at 36 degrees - The temperature at which a substance changes state depends on the composition and structure of the substance - Melting/freezing and boiling points can be used to distinguish between pure substances Melting and freezing points are the same for a substance for example 0 degees is the frezing point for water and the melting point for ice Density - This is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume - Units are usually g/cm3 for solids and g/ml3 for a liquid Small density has a small mass and big volume ex our planet Big density has a lot of mass and less volume ex a blackhole Calculating Density To measure mass a scale or balance is used and units are g , mg, kg, etc. You can measure volume in 3 ways Calculating ex for a rectangular prism lxwxh Using and granulated cylinder ( for measuring liquids) Displacment of water-ex a object placed in water will displace or move the same amount of water as the volume of the object ( 1ml=1cm3) DENSITY = M DIVIDED V