Chemistry Chapter 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of pure substances?

They contain only one kind of particle. (correct)

They are composed of two or more different particles.

They can be visually separated into components.

They always exist as gases.

Which statement about particles in a substance is true?

Particles in a substance are always stationary.

Adding heat decreases the motion of particles.

Particles are always in motion. (correct)

All particles are attracted to each other with equal force.

What distinguishes a mechanical mixture from a solution?

Solutions are made of only one type of element.

Solutions consist of visible particles.

Mechanical mixtures are always liquids.

Mechanical mixtures contain particles that can be seen. (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a homogenous mixture?

Air. Signup and view all the answers

Physical properties can be classified into qualitative and which other category?

Numerical. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?

Melting point Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is correct regarding the freezing and melting points of a substance?

They are the same temperature. Signup and view all the answers

How is density calculated?

Density = Mass ÷ Volume Signup and view all the answers

When measuring the volume of an irregular object, which method is most appropriate?

Water displacement method Signup and view all the answers

What unit is typically used for measuring the density of solids?

g/cm³ Signup and view all the answers

What does malleability refer to in physical properties?

The ability to be hammered into shape Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication of a chemical change?

Bubbles seen that are not due to heating Signup and view all the answers

What is viscosity?

The thickness of a fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a physical change?

Ice melting to water Signup and view all the answers

What does ductility refer to in physical properties?

The ability to be drawn into a fine strand Signup and view all the answers

Which property describes a substance's ability to burn or react with other substances?

Chemical property Signup and view all the answers

Which physical property indicates how well a material can conduct electricity?

Conductivity Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a solid formed during a chemical reaction that does not dissolve in a mixture?

Precipitate Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with flammable materials?

They can catch fire and continue to burn. Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials could cause a fire to burn more intensely?

Oxidizing gases, liquids, and solids. Signup and view all the answers

What hazard is associated with compressed gases?

They could explode if heated. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is corrosive?

Sulfuric acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of explosion materials?

They may explode or combust if handled incorrectly. Signup and view all the answers

What type of hazard can harmful or fatal materials present to humans?

They have immediate toxic effects. Signup and view all the answers

What long-term issues can health hazards cause?

Respiratory issues and cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What risk do biohazardous materials pose?

They can cause disease transmission in humans or animals. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Particle Theory of Matter

All matter is composed of particles, which are in constant motion.
Different substances consist of different types of particles.
Increasing temperature speeds up particle motion.
Particles exert attractive forces on one another.

Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure substances consist of one type of particle, e.g., 24k gold, distilled water.
Mixtures contain two or more types of particles, e.g., hot chocolate (cocoa powder, sugar, milk).
Two main types of mixtures:
- Mechanical (heterogeneous): visibly different particles (e.g., solids).
- Solution (homogeneous): particles are uniformly mixed and not visible (e.g., liquids).

Properties of Gases and Metals

Gases can form mechanical mixtures (e.g., fog) or solutions (e.g., air).
Metals can be solutions known as alloys.

Physical Properties

Provide sensory information and can be classified as:
- Qualitative: no numerical value (e.g., color, smell).
- Quantitative: measurable with numerical value (e.g., mass, volume).
Examples of physical properties:
- Luster: shininess versus dullness.
- Clarity: ability to transmit light (opaque, translucent, transparent).
- Brittleness: tendency to break versus flexibility.
- Viscosity: thickness of fluids (e.g., honey is more viscous than water).
- Hardness: ability to scratch or be scratched (diamonds are very hard).
- Malleability: capability to be shaped (e.g., foil is malleable; glass is brittle).
- Ductility: ability to be drawn into wires (e.g., copper).
- Conductivity: ability to transmit electricity (e.g., copper is conductive; plastics are not).

Physical Changes

Substantial changes occur without altering the chemical composition.
Examples include state changes (ice to water), size changes (cutting paper), and dissolving in water.

Chemical Properties and Changes

Chemical properties relate to a substance's reactions and potential new substances.
Signs indicating a chemical change:
- Color change indicating a new substance.
- Smell change due to new substances emitted.
- Bubbles forming from gas production not from heat.
- Formation of a precipitate (solid) in a mixture.
- Temperature or light changes during the reaction.

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System)

Communicates hazards associated with materials to ensure safe handling.
Types of labeled hazards:
- Flammable: materials that catch fire easily (e.g., gasoline).
- Oxidizing: substances that support combustion (e.g., bleach).
- Compressed gases: can explode under heat (e.g., propane).
- Corrosive substances: can cause chemical burns (e.g., sulfuric acid).
- Explosive materials: may explode if handled improperly (e.g., sodium metal).
- Toxic substances: immediate toxic effects (e.g., carbon monoxide).
- Health hazards: cause long-term health issues (e.g., asbestos).
- Harmful substances: less severe effects (e.g., epoxy glues).
- Aquatic toxicity: can harm marine life.
- Biohazardous materials: cause disease transmission (e.g., fungi).

Characteristic Physical Properties

Unique to substances and help in identification without changing the composition.
Melting point: temperature solid turns to liquid.
Boiling point: temperature liquid turns to gas.
Freezing point: temperature liquid turns to solid.
Different substances have specific melting and boiling points (e.g., nitrogen at -196°C; butter at 36°C).

Density

Density is the ratio of mass to volume, typically measured in g/cm³ for solids and g/ml for liquids.
Calculating density:
- Mass can be measured with scales (units: g, mg, kg).
- Volume can be measured through:
  - Calculation (length × width × height)
  - Graduated cylinder (for liquids)
  - Water displacement (1 ml = 1 cm³).
Formula for density: Density = Mass / Volume.

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Description

Test your understanding of the key concepts in chemistry, including the characteristics of pure substances, types of mixtures, and physical properties. This quiz covers essential definitions and examples that are foundational for the subject. Challenge yourself and see how well you grasp these fundamental principles!