Scalp and Facial Muscles Anatomy PDF

Scalp SCA moves as a singular unit on top of the pericranium Arteries are between 1st and 2nd layer Aponeurosis consists of occipitofrontalis muscle Its tone inhibits closure of blood vessels/skin in scalp lacerations → dee...

Scalp SCA moves as a singular unit on top of the pericranium Arteries are between 1st and 2nd layer Aponeurosis consists of occipitofrontalis muscle Its tone inhibits closure of blood vessels/skin in scalp lacerations → deep scalp wounds gape Superficial scalp wounds which don’t lacerate the whole way do not gape Moves scalp, wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows Frontal belly - innervated by temporal branches, posterior belly - posterior auricular branch of facial nerve VII  Scalp supraorbital zygomatico temporal auricotemporal Nerve Supply : Anterior - Trigeminal-Supratochlear , , , Plexus lesser ocipital (C2-c3] , greater occipital - Orbital : rightly closes eyes unable to shut This leads to dry eyes called "exposure !. " Keratitis. > - lower eyelid droops called "ectropion" Muscles of facial expression develop from 2nd pharyngeal arch therefore are all innervated by facial nerve [VII] Orbital , lacrimal - Orbital Group palpebral , - Orbicularis oculi - close eyes Corrugator supercilli - eyebrow together ↳ posterior to the obicularis oculi Nasal Group most superior > - Procerus - eyebrow downward Nasalis - transverse compresses nares, alar opens nares transverse-- and alar Depressor septi nasi - open nostrils Other face too Platysma part of the - Anterior/ superior/ posterior auricular earmuscles - Occipitofrontalis  the movement of the mouth and lips Responsible for Facial Muscles < * * Oral Group from 12 to 6 o’clock # Orbicularis Ouis muscle of the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Super - > Main sphincter lips Levator anguli oris the > Closes the lips to narrow Levator labii superioris - r oral opening Zygomaticus minor/major Risorius ↓ square-shaped between maxilla and mandible - , Buccinator (underneath) - suck cheek to teeth Depressor levator labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris Mentalis - pout Slower group  Facial Muscles - Innervation Facial Nerve [VII] arises from posterior cranial fossa, runs through the internal acoustic meatus (temporal bone) and exits via the - stylomastoid foramen to give off its motor branches to the muscles of facial expression: > - frontalis - orbicularis oculi corrugator supercilli - - orbicularis oculi - orbicularis or is - buccinator - zygomaticus - mentalis - platysma Note Connected Bits + Eyes + Brain (back to this later) Nasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity Middle ear is connected to the nasopharynx via the eustachian tube Oral cavity and nasal cavity are separated by the hard and soft palate Pharynx → Oesophagus ○ Nasopharynx - from nasal cavity via choanae ○ Oropharynx - from oral cavity via palatoglossal folds Larynx → trachea ↑ Sinus : Frontal · Ethmoidal · Maxillary · Sphenoid