Reproductive Behavior in Cows PDF

1 Lecture 8 Reproductive behavior in cow 1-puberty: occurs from 6 to 8 months while sexual maturity at 15-18 months for foreign breeds (360 kg) and 20-24 months for native heifers (260 kg) ‫ شهور لكن البلوغ الجنسً الً عنده نمدر‬8 ‫ ل‬6 ‫البلوغ بٌحصل عند‬ ‫ كٌلو دا‬063 ‫ شهر او لم...

1 Lecture 8 Reproductive behavior in cow 1-puberty: occurs from 6 to 8 months while sexual maturity at 15-18 months for foreign breeds (360 kg) and 20-24 months for native heifers (260 kg) ‫ شهور لكن البلوغ الجنسً الً عنده نمدر‬8 ‫ ل‬6 ‫البلوغ بٌحصل عند‬ ‫ كٌلو دا‬063 ‫ شهر او لما وزنها ٌوصل‬58 ‫ ل‬51 ‫نجوز الحٌوان بٌبما عند‬ ً‫ كٌلو ف‬063 ‫ شهر او لما توصل‬02 ‫ ل‬03 ‫فً السالالت االجنبٌة او‬ ‫السالالت المحلٌة‬ 2-breeding season: continuously cycling breeder shows peak fertility from May to July and a low from December to February ‫ذروة الخصوبة بتبما من ماٌو ل ٌولٌو عشان الجو بٌبما برد وبتمل من‬ ‫دٌسمبر لفبراٌر‬ 3-estrus cycle is 18 to 24 days long and the heat period is 14 hours 4-the gestation or pregnancy period is 9 to 9.5 months (283-285 days) By:SAMEH  2 5-signs of estrus: (estrogen hormone) ‫السبب فٌها هرمون البروجسترون‬ A)Behavioral signs: 1-decrease feed intake 2-Urinates frequently ‫التبول بٌزٌد‬ 3-Bull seeking behavior: the cow searches grassing beside the bull ‫بتدور على المكان الً الثور بٌاكل فٌه وتروح تاكل جمبه‬ 4-Homosexual activity: mounting by other cow ‫ تانٌة زٌها‬cow ‫ ل‬mouting ‫ بتعمل‬cow ‫ال‬ 5-she may fail to take her customary place in the milking parlour ‫مبتاخدش نفس مكانها فً صالة الحلب‬ B)Physical signs: 1-Swelling and reddening of the vulva vulva ‫احمرار و تورم فً ال‬ 2-Mucous discharges from the vulva vulva ‫بٌخرج افرازات مخاطٌة من ال‬ 3-Dirty flanks when cow have mounted by cattle with dirty hoof By:SAMEH  3 Factors control estrus signs: A)Internal factors 1-Genetic difference: Swiss breed shows the least marked estrus activity while black-colored cattle may show stronger signs of estrus ‫االختالف الجٌنً بٌفرق ٌعنً االبمار السوٌسرٌة دي بتظهر الل عالمات‬ ‫ واالبمار الً لونها اسود بتظهر اكتر عالمات‬estrus‫لل‬ 2-Hormon level: estrogen hormone is high the signs of estrus become clear ‫هرمون االستروجٌن اكتر واحد بٌأثر ٌعنً لو عالً فً الدم بتبما العالمات واضحة‬ ‫والعكس‬ B)External factors: 1-Nutritional factor ‫الغذٌة بتأثر ٌعنً لو بتتغذى كوٌس العالمات هتبما اوضح‬ 2-Many type of stress: affect on milk production which control signs of estrus ً‫ زي الدوشة او االجهاد بٌاثر على افراز اللبن الً بدوره بٌتحكم ف‬stress ‫ال‬ )‫ عكسٌة‬estrus‫ظهور العالمات (العاللة بٌن افراز اللبن و ال‬ 3-Type of housing: type of the floor ‫ عشان بتساعد ان‬concrete‫ بتبما احسن من االسفلتٌة‬drith ‫االرضٌة الترابٌة‬ ‫ تانٌة‬cow ‫ ل‬mouting ‫ تعمل‬cow By:SAMEH  4 4-Feet and leg problem: less mounting behavior activity Detection of estrous: 1-Herdman: Expert man who observation behavioral and physical signs three times aday ‫ مرات فً الٌوم ٌشوف لو ظاهر علٌها‬0 ‫دا بٌبما راجل خبٌر بٌعدي على البمرة‬ ‫عالمات او ال وٌعملها جس وكدا‬ The faults of this system are: - 19% are silent heat (ovulation occurs without signs) - 15% are false heat (signs of estrous without ovulation) ‫من عٌوبه ان ممكن تظهر عالمات من غٌر تبوٌض او ممكن ٌحصل تبوٌض من‬ ‫غٌر ظهور عالمات فهو مبٌبماش دلٌك اوي‬ 2-the bull: is the best detector of estrus in the cow ‫ وال ال عشان هو‬estrus ‫الثور دا بٌبما احسن حاجة نعرف بٌها البمرة فً ال‬ ‫< بٌشم‬--‫ الشم‬/ ‫ Proper time of service or insemination: Cow normally ovulate about 12 h after the end of heat period, for example if the signs of estrus appear during morning milking the best time of serving during the evening and if she shows signs of estrus during evening milking the best time of serving is the morning of next day By:SAMEH  ‫‪8‬‬ ‫البمرة الطبٌعً بتاعها انه ٌحصل تبوٌض بعد ‪ 50‬ساعة من نهاٌة ال‪heating‬‬ ‫ٌعنً لو العالمات ظهرت علٌها الصبح احسن ولت ٌحصلها تلمٌح فٌه بلٌل‬ ‫والعكس لو ظهرت بلٌل اودٌها تتلمح الصبح‬ ‫‪Synchronization of estrous‬‬ ‫‪Using of some hormones to bring all females of a herd in‬‬ ‫‪estrus within a short time‬‬ ‫هنا عاٌزٌن كل االناث الً فً المزرعة ٌكونوا فً ال‪ estrus‬فً نفس الولت ف‬ ‫بنستخدم هرمونات معٌنة‪..‬طب لٌه بنعمل كدا؟ الحوار دا لٌه ممٌزات كتٌر وعٌب‬ ‫واحد زي مهنشوف‬ ‫‪The advantages of Synchronization:‬‬ ‫‪1-reducing the cost and effort for detection of estrus‬‬ ‫اول مٌزة اننا بنوفر تمن ومجهود الكشف عن االناث الً فً ال‪ estrus‬الً‬ ‫خدناها فً االول‬ ‫‪2-the artificial insemination becomes easier‬‬ ‫التلمٌح الصناعً بٌبما اسهل‬ ‫‪3-the calf crop becomes more uniform‬‬ ‫العجول الصغٌرة كلهم هٌبموا فً سن واحد عشان هٌتولدوا مع بعض فالرعاٌة‬ ‫هتبما اسهل‬ ‫‪4-reducing the breeding and calving season‬‬ ‫بخلٌهم ٌولدوا فً ولت كوٌس زي الربٌع مثال الجو بٌبما حلو وبٌبما فً اكل كتٌر‬ ‫‪By:SAMEH‬‬  9 The disadvantages of Synchronization: Sometimes there is a lower conception rate ‫العٌب الوحٌد انه ساعات نسبة البمر الً بتحمل من الً اتلمحوا بتبما الل من‬ ‫العادي‬ Artificial insemination: 1-prevention of venereal disease ‫بٌمنع االمراض التناسلٌة بٌن الحٌوانات‬ 2-use of superior bulls for much numbers of cows within the same herd or other herds ‫بٌسمحلً انً استخدم دكر صفاته كوٌسة جدا فً تلمٌح عدد كبٌر من البمر‬ 3-reduces the cost of using much number of bulls within the farm ‫مش هشتري ذكور كتٌر للمزرعة فكدا بٌوفرلً فلوس‬ 4-Improves the genetic character of the progeny produced in the farm ‫بٌحسن الصفات الوراثٌة للعجول الً هتتولد‬ Diagnosis of pregnancy in cows: 1-Rectal palpation: examination of the ovaries, uterus and uterine arteries during early and mid-gestation period ‫طرٌمة الجس عن طرٌك فحص المباٌض والرحم والشراٌٌن فً الرحم خالل فترة‬ ‫الحمل المبكرة والمتوسطة‬ By:SAMEH  10 2-Vaginal examination: during pregnancy the secreting of the cervical glands become gelatinous and tough forming a plug for sealing the canal this plug could be seen by aid of speculum and lamb ‫فً فترة الحمل الغدد الً فً الرحم بٌكون افرازها جٌالتٌنً و بٌكون فً سدادة‬ ‫كدا عشان تمفل المناة وممكن اشوفها بمساعدة المنظار و المصباح‬ 3-Ultrasound scanning: by using rectal probe at least after 42 days from insemination ‫ بس على االلل‬rectal probe ‫المسح بالموجات الصوتٌة ودا بٌتم عن طرٌك ال‬ ‫ ٌوم من التلمٌح‬20 ‫بعد‬ 4-Laboratory tests: a)physico-chemical test: this test depends on detection of the o-globulin in blood serum (100% at 180 days of pregnancy) ‫النسبة الصحٌحة‬ b)Barium chloride test: this test carried out on the urine of pregnant cow by adding 3-5 drops of barium chloride to same volume of cow urine, if the urine becomes turbid it indicates non-pregnant cow, while in pregnant one the color of urine dose not change ‫ للبول لو‬bacl2 ‫ نمط من‬1-2 ‫االختبار دا بٌتعمل على بول البمرة الحامل بنضٌف‬ ‫اتعكر متبماش حامل لو متعكرش تبما حامل‬ By:SAMEH  11 c)oxidation reduction test: by adding 0.6 ml of sodium benzoate to 3 ml of cow’s urine in a test tube, in case of pregnant cow the urine dose not return to normal clearance d)detection of progesterone concentration: in milk the presence of high level of progesterone in milk after 24 days from service indicates pregnancy ‫ ٌوم من التلمٌح لو لمٌت نسبة البروجسترون عالٌة فً اللبن دا بٌشٌر‬02 ‫بعد‬ ‫للحمل‬ 5-signs of pregnancy: a)cessation of estrus (every 21 days) estrus ‫ ٌوم من غٌر‬05 ‫لو عدى‬ b)the cow tends to become more tractable ‫باٌن علٌها التعب‬ c)as pregnancy proceeds the abdomen becomes more enlarged d)during the later stage it drops down and hollows appears in both the flanks ‫بٌظهر تجاوٌف فً الجنبٌن‬ By:SAMEH  12 Managements of pregnant cow: 1-feeding a)increasing the level of nutrition. The feed requirement of the cows during pregnancy depends up on the stage of pregnancy and the milk producing by the cow b)last 2 months of pregnancy the cows should be supplied with extra feed (feeding during this period is known as Steaming up) ‫بنعملها حاجة اسمها دفع غذائً فً اخر شهرٌن حمل‬ the function of steaming up: 1-for fetus development 2-build-up the body reserve for coming lactation 3-increase dairy milk yield 4-lengthens the lactation of cows, which milked for short period 5-slightly increase butter fat percent 6-prevent difficulties of parturition such as retention of the placenta and milk fever 2-Watering: The cow should drink clean fresh water By:SAMEH  13 3-Milking: 2-3 times aday and it contain two types: 1-hand milking 2-machine milking Rules for good milking: 1-clean milking or care to be taking before milking For animal should clean flank region and udder For milker should wash his hand For milking troughs the milk pail should be cleaned For milking place should be clean 2-Gentle: kind treatment and calling her by pet name and we should take care not to injure the teats by: 1-rough handling 2-exerting extreme pressure 3-containued stripping after the udder appear to be empty 3-Quick: depend on the secretion of oxytocin hormone which last only for 5min 4-Quiet: we should avoid noise so it don’t release adrenaline By:SAMEH  14 ‫ الً حوالٌن الغدد‬smooth muscles‫بصوا ٌجدعان عشان اللبن ٌتفرز الزم ال‬ ‫ بتتشد ف‬teats‫اللبنٌة تنمبض فانا لما بحلب البمرة او ابنها ٌرضع منها ال‬ ‫ دا‬oxytocin ‫العصب الً فٌها بٌبعت اشارة للمخ والمخ بٌفرز هرمون اسمه‬ ‫ وٌخلٌها تنمبض فالفكرة كلها فً الهرمون دا‬smooth muscles‫بٌروح لل‬ ‫ دلاٌك بس عشان كدا الزم الحلب ٌبما سرٌع وعكسه هرمون‬1 ‫وبٌفضل تاثٌره‬ ‫االدرٌنالٌن والنورادرٌنالٌن بٌمنعوا افراز اللبن عشان كدا الزم المكان ٌبما هادي‬ 5-Regular: the cow should be milked regularly 2 or 3 times aday, the time between milking should be divided into periods as nearly equal as possible ‫ ساعات‬8 ‫ ٌبما الولت بٌنهم‬0 ‫ ساعة ولو‬50 ‫ٌعنً لو مرتٌن ٌبما الولت بٌنهم‬ 6-Complete: the milking should be complete, if milking is incomplete there is a tendency to dry of the cow Caring for the milk: 1-that milk is kept clean 2-it should be cooled 4-Drying off: stop milking cow at the last 2 months of pregnancy, and it has two methods: ‫دي عملٌة انً ابطل احلب البمرة وبعملها فً اخر شهرٌن من الحمل‬ 1-incomplete milking: don’t extract all the milk from the udder at milking time for the first few days after the drying off period has begun, milking is stopped completely By:SAMEH  15 51 ‫ لتر ال احلب‬03 ‫اول طرٌمة انً محلبش اللبن كله ٌعنً لو كنت متعود احلب‬ ‫ وهكذا لحد ما ابطل احلبها خالص‬53 ‫وبعدٌن‬ 2-intermittent milking: will be milked once a day for a while then once in every next day and finally milking will be stopped all together ‫ٌعنً لو بحلبها مرتٌن فً الٌوم اخلٌهم مرة وبعدٌن اخلٌهم ٌوم احلبها وٌوم ال‬ ‫وكدا لحد ما ابطل احلبها‬ 3-complete cessation: producing 10 liters of milk per day, the udder fills until pressure increases enough to stop secretion inside the udder, the milk is gradually re-absorbed from the gland until it becomes completely dry ‫ لتر فً الٌوم او الل هبطل احلبها خالص عشان كدا كدا بتنتج‬53 ‫لو البمرة بتنتج‬ ‫كمٌة صغٌرة‬ By:SAMEH