English for Academic and Professional Purposes PDF

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES COURSE MATERIAL NO. 4 Image Source: https://leverageedu.com/blog/eap /  WHAT WILL YOU LEARN? This module has been designed to help you: Determine the objectives and structures of various kinds...

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES COURSE MATERIAL NO. 4 Image Source: https://leverageedu.com/blog/eap /  WHAT WILL YOU LEARN? This module has been designed to help you: Determine the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports Designs tests, surveys, and questionnaires https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/office-workers-analyzing-researching-business-data_6974920.htm ACADEMIC REPORT 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page | 2 Professional Purposes  Writing the Academic Report WHAT’S INSIDE Every advancement made for and by humankind THIS MODULE? is a product of an academic report. Discoveries made in various fields are all documented through these reports. Needless to say, without Writing the Academic Report 3 these reports, the vast knowledge available for Various Kinds of Report 4 our understanding and consumption, would be laid to waste. If not for reports, knowledge would The Survey 4 merely be random pieces of information with no meaning, relevance, or connection. Focus Questions 4 When you write a report, your task is to write Methods in Conducting down or document your observations, and make a Survey 6 meaning out of them or generate conclusions or new findings. Characteristics of a Survey Questionnaire 8 You may not have noticed but you have been generating reports throughout your lives. When Conducting a Survey 8 you narrate a recent event to your peers to keep them updated, or when you try to learn a new Types of Survey Questions 9 recipe; all of these activities constitute a level of data gathering and documentation to acquire Points to Remember in new information. That, in its essence, is a report. Crafting Survey Questions 11 Learning Activity 12 For this module, we will learn the various kinds of reports relevant to your chosen academic fields. Learning Output 13 We will also be learning data gathering techniques (surveys, questionnaires, interviews, Summary 13 etc.) for you to utilize in writing your academic report. References 14 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page | 3 Professional Purposes  Various Kinds of Reports FOCUS QUESTIONS There are three types of academic reports: ❖ What are the various kinds of reports? Survey report is a paper which presents the results of the author’s research. ❖ How are data gathered through a survey? Field Report is usually used in the field of social sciences to link theory and application. It contains ❖ How are survey questions the author’s observation when out on the field and crafted and conducted? analysis using theoretical concepts from the discipline. ❖ What are the various kinds of reports? Laboratory or Scientific Technical Report is written by those in the sciences mainly to persuade others to ❖ How are data gathered accept or reject hypothesis, record the details for through a survey? future researchers, and document a current phenomenon for the future references. ❖ How are survey questions crafted and conducted? What is a Survey? A survey is a data gathering tool having a set of questions used in survey and is utilized in various field such as politics, research, marketing, media and so on. It is intended to gather data, views, opinions, and others from individuals or a particular group of people called a An academic report is a population. structured presentation noted systematically from technological advances and research 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 4 Professional Purposes  Methods in Conducting a Survey Administering a survey calls for a more systematic way in order to achieve the aims of a certain survey conducted. The following methods are introduced by Sarah Mae Sincero. 1. Personal Approach- This involves the respondents providing their answers in a direct manner in a physical setting. What type of academic report best fits your A. Face- to- Face Structure interview- This involves strand, and the traditional physical method of conducting a why? survey wherein the survey is done “face- to- face” or personally. This may also be considered as type of interview, but instead of an interviewer, the person administering the interview/ survey is referred as a researcher. The research asks the questions personally and takes note of the responses. B. Telephone Survey- The survey is done using telephone or cellular phones. The calls are made to ask individuals or the respondents particular Academic Report questions. This method can be used for asking Language can be consequential questions. defined as the specialized set of 2. Self- Administered Approach- The survey is vocabulary, administered by the researcher. grammatical structures, and organizational methods employed to present, analyze, and discuss complex ideas and research findings clearly and systematically. 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 5 Professional Purposes  A. Paper and Pencil- Also considered as a traditional approach to surveying, the questionnaire is handed over to the respondents, and they answer it manually. The researcher then collates the questionnaire. BRIEFER B. Online Survey- This is the commonly used method that researchers use considering its convenience and easy access. The questionnaire is forwarded and filled out via the internet, either Conducting a survey through emails, embedded over websites, social effectively involves several media, or forms. key steps: 1. Define objectives 2. Design the questionnaire Characteristics of a Survey 3. Choose the right Questionnaire method 4. Pilot test 1. Use words that have clear meaning to avoid 5. Select your sample confusing the respondents. 6. Distribute the survey 7. Collect and analyze 2. Cover all possible options. Provide at least the data five options, and should cover to get a more 8. Report findings accurate response. 9. Ensure confidentiality 3. Ask only one question in one sentence. Do 10. Follow up not add follow up questions to not mislead the respondents. 4. Provide an out- option. Provide the 5. Consider appropriate time reference so respondents can easily recall past long experiences and be doubtful as to the exact measurement or time they spent. With your group members, enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of the assigned type of survey to you. Use a graphic organizer for your answers. Share it to the class! 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 6 Professional Purposes 6. The question should include the parts of a clear question structure: the question stem, additional instructions, and response options so that the respondents will not be confused on what to answer or choose. 7. The questionnaire should be objective and lead to an honest answer. The respondents should not be lead to a biased option that they may fail to give their truthful Here are the response. TOP 10 Best Online Survey 8. Do not include personal or private questions that will Apps require respondents to divulge confidential details. 1. SurveyPlanet.com for 9. Avoid using double negative questions to ask beginners respondents of their agreement on a certain issue. This should be avoided so that the respondents response will 2. Typeform.com for visually be clear and precise. appealing surveys 10. Use clear instructions or directions that will lead to positive, appropriate, and clear answers. If the 3. SurveyMonkey.com for respondents are clearly asked and told what to do, the y creating surveys on a phone will also foster positive attitude towards answering the or tablet questionnaire. 4. LimeSurvey.org for self- 11. The respondents should be guided on what to choose. hosted surveys The survey should provide specific options to choose from so that the respondents will not be confused. 5. QuickTapSurvey.com for offline surveys 6. YesInsights.com for one-click surveys 7. SurveyAnyplace.com for gamifying surveys 8. Surveybot.io for chatbot surveys in Facebook 9. SmartSurvey.com for collaborating on survey questions 10. SurveyGizmo.com for optimizing your surveys 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 7 Professional Purposes  Conducting the Survey A survey is one of the best ways to know and understand the people’s choices, attitudes, or feelings on certain issues. Furthermore, we can use the results to design possible action plans or solutions to issues. These are the general steps in conducting a survey: REFRESHER 1. Prepare your questions with four to five options. It must observe the guidelines in When conducting a survey, the writing a questionnaire. following two elements are essential: 2. Decide on an appropriate method of distribution- interview, questionnaire, or online. 1. Survey Design 3. Gather the results, tally the data. 2. Sampling Method 4. Interpret the results. 5. Generate a conclusion or findings. 6. Write the survey report. NOTE: When you will conduct a survey, you should write a letter of consent. In the letter you should also emphasize that the information given by the respondents/ A survey is one of the participants will be held with utmost confidentiality. If the best ways to know and respondent is a minor, prepare an assent. understand the people’s choices, attitudes, or feelings on certain issues. 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 8 Professional Purposes  Informed consent is the voluntary agreement of a person, or the representative, who has the capacity to give consent, and who practices free power of choice to involve in research. "Assent" is a term used to show willingness to participate in survey by persons who are too young to give informed consent but who are old enough to understand the proposed survey in general. Assent by itself is not enough, however. If assent is given, informed consent must still be acquired from the parents or guardian. TYPES of SURVEY QUESTION SURVEY QUESTIONS 1. Open-ended questions- These types of questions do not have predetermined options or answers. The respondents are allowed to answer the questions freely. Responses must be recorded verbatim- especially because coding and analysis will rely on the subject’s exact responses. 2. Dichotomous questions have two possible answers, often either yes/no, true/false, or agree/ disagree. These questions are used when the researcher wants to clearly distinguish the 1. What were the respondent’s opinion, preference, experience or difficulties you behavior. encountered during the online classes? Did you have difficulties during your online classes? Yes 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 9 Professional Purposes  1. Multiple–response questions necessitate the What were the kinds respondents to provide more than one answer. of difficulties you encountered during the 2. Matrix questions are used for instances where online classes? Check all a number of questions you intend to ask have that apply: the same set of possible answers. Thus, it is possible to construct a matrix of items and Connectivity answers for the sake of streamlining the Engagement survey. Attendance Others: Please specify 4. Kindly rate your overall experience during the online classes, with 1 being the not satisfied, and 5 as the most satisfied. Factors affecting 1 2 3 4 5 online classes Connectivity Course Materials Class Discussions 5. If you selected Connectivity for the previous question, specify your internet provider: Globe 5. Contingency questions are intended for certain Smart respondents only, depending on the provided answers. A familiar example would be a follow-up question provided PLDT after a respondent agrees to a certain item. A respondent Others: Please is asked whether they used any illegal drugs or specify substances. Only those who answered yes are required to answer the succeeding items. 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 10 Professional Purposes  Points to remember in crafting survey questions 1. Keep the questionnaire as short as possible. 2. Ask short, simple, and clearly worded questions. 3. Start with demographic questions to help respondents get started comfortably. Answer the following questions on crafting 4. Use dichotomous (yes/no) and multiple choice survey questions: questions. 1. Which of these 5. Use open-ended questions cautiously. questions are leading questions? 6. Avoid using leading-questions. Make your question ask for the other person’s opinion. Do A. How did online classes not make it clear what your own opinion is. (this improve your academic would be called a biased question or a leading performance? question). B. Do you agree with the A bad example would be: Fishing is a very cruel majority of students who pastime. Do you agree? are calling for academic freeze? A better question might be: Do you think that fishing is a cruel pastime? C. How many hours do you spend doing asynchronous A. strongly agree tasks? B. agree C. neutral 2. Here is an open-ended D. disagree question. E. strongly disagree “Give your opinion on the 7. Pre-test a questionnaire on a small number of effects of online class to people. students.” 8. Think about the way you intend to use the Come up with possible collected data when preparing the questionnaire. responses for it to make it a Multiple- Response Question 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 11 Professional Purposes  LEARNING ACTIVITY SURVEY SAYS… DIRECTIONS: 1. Develop a questionnaire consisting of open- ended questions that allow respondents to provide detailed and qualitative responses. 2. Based on your statement of the problem, formulate three open-ended questions. 3. Ensure that the questionnaire is directly related to your chosen research topic. You will be graded based on the criteria below: More on Conducting Surveys: How to do Survey Research Practice makes for proficiency! 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 12 Professional Purposes  LEARNING OUTPUT The Academic Report: Phase 1 DIRECTIONS: With the same group, consolidate your survey questions and encode them in one file. Administer the survey to your classmates and gather the results for the next discussion, Academic reports are documentations of a researcher’s observation. They are used to make meaning out of information. There are three general types of reports: Survey report, Field KEY TERMS Report, and Laboratory/ Technical Report. The survey questionnaire is an effective tool in gathering data and it uses either personal or self- administered approach. Academic Report Effective survey questionnaire should be clear, concise, specific, Kinds of Academic Report and understandable. It should be properly structured and should be free from bias and prejudice. Methods of Conducting Survey Conducting Survey 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 13 Professional Purposes  References Serena, E. G., Tizon, M. C., Montecalvo, D. V., & Natividad, C. C. (2020). English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 5: WRITING REPORT SURVEY/FIELD REPORT/LABORATORY/SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL REPORT. Cagayan De Oro, Upper Balulang, Philippines. Retrieved from pdfcoffee.com: https://pdfcoffee.com/eapp-quarter-2- module-5- pdf-free.html Esposito, E. (2003, July 3). The 10 Best Online Survey Apps in 2020. Retrieved from zapier.com: https://zapier.com/learn/forms- surveys/best-survey- apps/ McCombes, S. (2019, August 20). How to Do Survey Research. Retrieved from scribbr.com: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/survey- research/ CONTRIBUTORS JERIKO ARWEL S. ARLEGUI MARK ASHLEY C. BANTA ERIKA GIN C. BACUYAG ERLINDA C. CAGUIOA JULIE ANN A. DAYON MA. ERICA ANNE S. FLORES JUSTINE DANIELLE R. GABUNI RAVEN KAYE MAGBANUA RENELYN M. CAYETANO MA. SHIENNA G. MARQUEZ VENICE JASTINE PARAS MITZE GAY A. TAMSE KAYE VALILA 1st Term AY 2024-2025 English for Academic and Page 14 Professional Purposes