EAPP-Q2-Module-9 PDF

www.shsph.blogspot.com www.shsph.blogspot.com ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES – GRADE 11/12 Quarter 2 – Module 9: WRITES VARIOUS REPORTS Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior ap...

www.shsph.blogspot.com www.shsph.blogspot.com ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES – GRADE 11/12 Quarter 2 – Module 9: WRITES VARIOUS REPORTS Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin Development Team of the Module Writer: IRENE T. AGUILAR Editors: GINA B. PANTINO JOSALIE T. TONIO SONIA V. PRENSADER LORAINE T. CHIONG Reviewers: GINA B. PANTINO and Masbate City Division headed by JEANETTE ROMBLON Illustrator / Layout Artist: JOHN MICHAEL P. SARTE, ANTONIO L. MORADA www.shsph.blogspot.com SHS English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 9 WRITES VARIOUS REPORTS This instructional material was developed based from the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in English for Academic and Professional Purposes in response to the new normal scheme in learning delivery of the Department of Education. This module was collaboratively reviewed by educators and program specialists in the Regional Office V. We encourage teachers and other educational stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at ____________________. We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education Republic of the Philippine 1 www.shsph.blogspot.com Writing Various Reports a. Survey Report b. Science Lab Report c. Field Report I. INTRODUCTION People have always been narrating what they did for the day. Children for example tell their parents about their experiences in school. Students tell their teachers why they were absent or late in the class, and we all want to know the why's and the how's of celebrity successes, failures, break-ups, reconciliations and so on. In short, every human being has done some informal reporting. Once this verbal ability is used to tell about surveys conducted; work done out there in the field; experiments performed inside the laboratory; observations noted systematically; and inventions, inquiries, and others resulting from technological advances and research – a structured presentation is in order. II. OBJECTIVE Writes various reports (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-d-5) a. Survey Report b. Science Laboratory Report c. Field Report III. VOCABULARY LIST Survey report is a paper which presents the results of the author’s research. Field Report is usually used in the field of social sciences to link theory and application. It contains the author’s observation when out on the field and analysis using theoretical concepts from the discipline. Filed report can be personal and simple. Laboratory or Scientific Technical Report is written by those in the sciences mainly to persuade others to accept or reject hypothesis, record the details for future researchers, and document a current phenomenon for the future references. 2 www.shsph.blogspot.com IV. PRETEST A. Instructions: Arrange the following parts/section as it comes in a survey report and complete the given flow chart in your notebook. Abstract – Background – Statement of the problem – Materials – Method or Procedure – Results – Discussion – Summary – Conclusion – and Recommendation – Introduction. 2 Abstract 2 3 4 10 Materials 9 Discussion 7 6 B. Instructions: Read each statement carefully. Write True if you think the statement is correct and False if you think the statement is incorrect. 1.The single most important requirement for a laboratory report is clarity. 2. One function of a laboratory report is to read the data, present conclusion, and make recommendations based on the experimental work. 3. The cover sheet has the course number and assigned lab section, the title of the experiment, your name, your lab partner’s names, the date that the lab was performed and your Teacher’s name. 4. The Lab Report structure begins with a Cover Sheet, Abstract, Data Sheets, Graphs, Sample Calculations and Discussion of results. 5. The most important part of the Lab Report is the Sample Calculations. 3 www.shsph.blogspot.com V. LEARNING CONCEPT General Guidelines for Writing the Survey/ Field/ Laboratory/ Scientific/ Technical Report 1. Value Communicated Objective, accurate, and honest presentation of facts and results 2. Basic Content a. May consist of eyewitness accounts or first- hand information b. May contain facts, data, figures, or statistics on or from people, events, phenomena, structure, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, and library research c. May include materials and procedures or methods 3. Modes of Ordering a. Chronological or time order b. Geographical or space/spatial c. Logical – inductive and deductive d. Problem – Solution e. Cause and Effect f. Formal 4. Basic Qualities of a Good Report a. Objective not subjective point of view b. Accurate, not sloppy presentation of facts, numbers, statistics, and data. c. Honest, not false or incomplete details and results d. Brief and direct sentences According to; Laurel, Lucero, and Cruz (2016) How to Write a Survey Report After conducting a survey, all you need to do is to write the survey report. It describes the survey, its results, and any patterns or trends found in the survey. Most survey reports follow a standard organization, broken up under certain headings. Each section has a specific purpose. Step 1 Divide the report into separate sections with headings. There might be slight difference between reports, but the headings are typically the same. Abstract – Introduction - Background – Statement of the Problem – Materials – Method or Procedure – Results – Discussion - Summary – Conclusion, and Recommendations. Step 2 One-to-Two-page summary paraphrasing the report. A summary condenses the main points of the report into few pages. It should include:. Methodology. Key results of the survey. Conclusions drawn from the results of the survey.. Recommendations based on the results of the survey. 4 www.shsph.blogspot.com Step 3 State the objectives of the survey in the background section. Start the section by saying why the survey was conducted. Explain the hypothesis and goals of the survey. It contains the target population: Who is being studied, Variables of the study: What is the survey trying to study? Is the study looking for associations or relationships between two things? And the purpose of the study: How will this information be used? What new information can this survey help us realize? Step 4 Provide background information by explaining similar research and studies. This research can help you determine if your survey results support current beliefs on the topic or disagree with them. Write 2 or more pages explaining the issue and how other researches have approached it. Step 5 Explain the Method and Results Explain how the study was conducted in the methodology section. This section helps readers understand how the survey was conducted. This section may be several pages long. Who did you ask? How can you define the gender, age, and other characteristics? Did you do the survey over email, telephone, website or 1-on-1 interview? Were the participants randomly chosen or selected for a certain reason? How large was the sample size? How many people answered the results of the survey? Step 6 Describe what type of questions were asked in the methodology section. Common types of questions include multiple choice, interviews, and rating scales. Describe the general theme of the questions. Example “Participants were asked to answer questions about their daily routine and dietary practices. Step 7 Report the results of the survey in a separate section. Once you have detailed the methodology of the survey in full, start a new section that shows the results of the survey. This section is usually several pages long. Step 8 Point out any interesting trends in the results section. To help your readers understand the significance of your survey, highlight the interesting patterns, trends, or observations. Step 9 Analyze your results State the implications of your survey at the beginning of the conclusion. At the beginning of this section, write a paragraph that summarizes the key takeaway points of your survey. Ask yourself what readers should learn from the survey. Step 10 Make recommendations about what needs to be done about the issue. Once you have reported the results of the survey, state what the reader should take away from the survey. What does the data imply? What action should people take based on the results? This part might be few pages long. Example: More research needs to be done on this topic or Current guidelines or policy need to be changed. The company or institution needs to take action. Step 11 Include graphs, charts, surveys, and testimonies in the appendices Step 12 Polish your report 5 www.shsph.blogspot.com Add a title page and table of contents to the first 2 pages, cite your research according to the style required for the survey report, Adopt a clear, objective voice throughout the paper. Remember that your job is to report the results of the survey. Try not to cast judgement on the participants or the survey results. Write in a concise, simple, sentences. State the information in the simplest way possible. Revise your paper thoroughly before submitting. According to; Laurel, Lucero, and Cruz (2016) Laboratory or scientific technical report Laboratory or scientific technical report is written by those in the sciences mainly to persuade others to accept or reject a hypothesis, record the details for future researches, and document a current phenomenon for future reference or comparison. (Laurel et.al., 2016) Guidelines for Lab reports A laboratory report has three main functions: 1. To provide a record of the experiments and raw data included in the report. 2. To provide sufficient information to reproduce or extend the data, and 3. To analyze the data, present conclusions and make recommendations based on the experimental work. General Comments The most important requirement for a laboratory report is clarity. In short, a report should be readable therefore spelling and grammar must be correct. Lab Report Structure I. Cover Sheet This page has the course number and assigned lab section, the title of the experiment, your name, your lab partner’s names, the date that the lab was performed and your TA’s name. II. Abstract The purpose of this page is to help a reader decide if your paper is of interest to him/her. (This section is the executive summary in a corporation or government report; it is often the only section that a manager reads.) The abstract should be able to stand by itself, and it should be brief. Generally, it consists of three parts which answer these questions: ✔ What did you do? - A statement of the purpose of the experiment, a concise description of the experiment and physics principles investigated. ✔ What were your results? – Highlight the most significant results of the experiment. 6 www.shsph.blogspot.com ✔ What do these results tell you? – depending on the type of experiment, this is conclusions and implications of the results or it may be lessons learned from the experiment. Note: Write the abstract after all the other sections are completed. You need to know all in your report before you can write a summary of it. III. Data Sheets For each experiment, the lab manual has one or more data sheets for recording raw data, as well as intermediate and final data values. These are not for doodling, but for recording your data. Record the data neatly in pen. If your data values are so sloppily recorded that you must recopy them, then the accuracy of the data is questionable. This fact will be reflected in your laboratory performance score. If there is a mistake, then draw a single line through that value. “White – Out” and similar covering agents are expressly forbidden. The values that you record on your data sheet must have: Units (such as kg for kilograms) Reasonable uncertainty estimates for given instruments and procedures Precision consistent with uncertainty (proper significant digits) Propagation of error for calculated quantities Your lab instructor’s initials If you happen to forget your lab manual, then you will take your data on notebook paper. Your lab instructor will initial that as your data sheet, and you will turn that in with your lab report as well as your own data sheet from the lab manual. IV. Graphs You must follow the guidelines in the lab manual for all graphs. The first graphs of the semester must be made by hand, not computer software. After your lab instructor gives permission, you may use computer software to make graphs. Those graphs must also conform to the guidelines in the lab manual. Remember that when plotting data with units, both the slope and intercept of a graph also have units. V. Sample Calculations Show calculations in a neat and orderly outline form. Include a brief description of the calculation, the equation, numbers from your data substituted into the equation and the result. Do not include the intermediate steps. Numbers in the sample calculations must agree with what you recorded in your data sheet. For calculations repeated many times, you only include one sample calculation. Answers should have the proper number of significant figures and units. Typing the equation into the lab report is not required; it is easier and faster to print these calculations neatly by hand. If you wish to type this section, then use the equation editor in Microsoft Word. Your Lab instructor can give you information on using the equation editor. Laurel et al., (2016) 7 www.shsph.blogspot.com VI. Discussion of Results This is the most important part of the lab report; it is where you analyze the data. (In the future, you may not actually collect data; a lab technician or other people may collect the raw data. Regardless of your discipline, the most challenging and rewarding part of your work will be analyzing the data.) Begin the discussion with the experimental purpose and briefly summarize the basic idea of the experiment with emphasis on the measurements you made and transition to discussing the results. State only the key results (with uncertainty and units) quantitatively with numerical values; do not provide intermediate quantities. Your discussion should address questions such as: What is the relationship between your measurements and your results? What trends were observable? What can you conclude from the graphs that you made? How did the independent variables affect the dependent variables? (For example, did an increase in a given measured (independent) variable result an increase or decrease in the associated calculated (dependent) variable? Then describe how your experimental results substantiate /agree with the theory. (This is not a single statement that your results agree or disagree with the theory.) When comparison values are available, discuss the agreement using either uncertainty and/or percent differences. This leads into the discussion of the sources of error. In your discussion of sources of error, you should discuss all those things that affect your measurement, but which you can’t do anything about given the time and equipment constraints of this laboratory. Included in this would be a description of sources of error in your measurement that bias your result (e.g. friction in pulleys that are assumed frictionless in the formula). Your analysis should describe the qualitative effect of each source of error (e.g. friction slowed motion, causing a smaller value of acceleration to be measured) and, where possible, provide an estimate of the magnitude of the errors they could induce. Describe only the prominent sources of error in the experiment. For example, the precision of the triple balance beam, a fraction of a gram, compared to the 250.0 g lab cart is not significant. Note that a tabulation of all possible errors without any discussion of qualitative effect of the error will receive no credit. Your discussion should address questions such as: Are the deviations due to error / uncertainty in the experimental method, or are they due to idealizations inherent in the theory (or both)? If the deviations are due to experimental uncertainties, can you think of ways to decrease the amount of uncertainty. If the deviations are due to idealizations in the theory, what factors has the theory, neglected to consider? Laurel et al., (2016) The following template maybe helpful to you in writing your Lab Report. Name ________________ Date of Lab ___________ Partner’s last names _____________ Title___________________ Abstract 8 www.shsph.blogspot.com An abstract is a short summary giving the most important information about your experiment. It should be brief and include the following: Title: should be descriptive of the content. Objective: 1 or 2 sentences telling why this study is important. This should include your question. That is, what you are testing and why is this important. Hypothesis: 1 sentence stating the hypothesis that you are testing. Methods: 2-3 sentences. A brief summary of your procedure explaining: How exactly did you set up the experiment? Results: 1-2 sentences. Briefly tell what your data reveals. Quantify your results. Example 90% of the plants grew in 2 weeks. Conclusion: 1-2 sentences. Summarize your results, be specific. Was the hypothesis supported or not? Data and Observation Displays data in organized manner such as charts, graphs, illustrations, etc. and brief statements describing data displays. Analysis of Data: Gives the reader quantitative interpretation of the data. That is comparison using percentage, ratio, and statistical results. Calculations Show work, include units, and clearly label your results Discussion of Results:. States if hypothesis (es) have been supported or rejected by the results of the study.. Discuss why the hypothesis (es) are supported or rejected, using the data analysis as evidence.. Discuss any problems that may have altered results such as a constant variable that could not be controlled, human error, or error due to instrumentation etc.. suggests future questions for research concerning this study, or suggestions for further investigations. Source: Pinterest Note: Lab reports should be written on a bond paper, typed, double spaced, Times New Roman print, 12 font, 1 inch margins, pages numbered. Each heading is bold, capitalized and underlined. Field Report A field report is usually used in the field of social sciences to link theory and application. It usually contains the author’s observations when out on the field and an analysis using theoretical concepts from the discipline. Although research papers are formal in tone and style, field reports can be personal and simple (Barrot, 2016) The purpose of a field report in the social sciences is to describe the observation of people, places, and/or events and to analyze that observation data in order to identify and categorize common themes in relation to the research problem underpinning the study. The content represents the researcher’s interpretation of meaning found in data that has been gathered during one or more observational events. Source: USC Libraries. 9 www.shsph.blogspot.com Every day, we try to observe people, events, places, etc., but when we write a field report, our responsibility is to conduct a research from data gathered, observation, findings and interpretation of their meaning. Here are some important things to remember when writing a field report: Systematically observe and accurately record the varying aspects of a situation. Keep in mind what you will observe, where you should conduct your observations, and the method by which you will collect and record your data. Continuously analyze your observations. Always look for the meaning underlying the actions you observe. Ask yourself: What’s going on here? What does this observed activity mean? What else does this relate to? Keep the report’s aims in mind while you are observing. Focus and pay attention to details, observation site or field, with a clear plan about what you want to observe and record in relation to the research problem. Consciously observe, record, and analyze what you hear and see in the context of a theoretical framework. This is what separates data gathering from reporting. The theoretical framework guiding your field research should determine what, when, and how you observe and act as the foundation from which you interpret your findings in relation to the underlying assumptions embedded in the theoretical framework. Source: USC Libraries How to record your observations 1. Note Taking 2. Photography 3. Video and Audio Recordings 4. Illustrations/Drawings What are the things to be documented while observing? Physical setting. The characteristics of an occupied space and the human use of the space where the observations are being conducted Objects and material culture. The presence, placement and arrangement of Objects that impact the behavior or actions of those being observed. Use of language. Listen to what is being said, how is it being said, and the tone of conversations among participants. Behavior cycles. This refers to documenting when and who performs what behavior or task and how often they occur. Record at which stage this behavior is occurring within the setting. The order in which events unfold. Note sequential patterns of behavior or the moment when actions or events take place and their significance and moments that diverge from these sequential patterns of behavior or actions. Physical characteristics of subjects. If relevant, note personal characteristics of individuals being observed. Expressive body movements. This would include body posture or facial expressions. 10 www.shsph.blogspot.com The Structure and writing Style Most field reports in social sciences include the following elements I. Introduction It should describe the research problem, the specific objectives of your research and the important theories or concepts behind your field of study. It tells about the nature of the organization or setting where you are conducting the observation, what type of observations you have conducted, what your focus was, when you observed, and the methods you used for collecting the data. Also, your reasons why you chose the observation site and the people or events within it. You should also include a review of related literature to the research problem then conclude your introduction with a statement about how the rest of the paper is organized. II. Description of Activities Provide enough details to place the analysis that will follow into proper context. A useful method to thoroughly describe varying aspects of an observed situation is to answer the “Five W’s of Investigative Reporting. What – describe what you observed. Ex. As a student, what is your impression of using ICT such as Computer and Projector as a tool in learning research subject? Where - Provide information about the setting of your observation. Example arrangement or groupings of students in a class in relation to student- teacher learning interaction. When - Record factual data on the day and the beginning and ending time of each observation. Who - Note background and demographic information about individuals being observed ex. Age, gender, ethnicity etc. Record also who is doing what and saying what, as well as who is not doing or saying what. Why - Describe the reasons for selecting situations to observe. Note why something happened. III. Interpretation and Analysis Place the analysis and interpretations of your field observations within the larger context of the theoretical assumptions and issues you described in the introduction. Here are some questions to ask when analyzing your observations: ✔ What is the meaning of what you have observed? 11 www.shsph.blogspot.com ✔ Why do you think what you have observed happened? What evidence do you have for your reasoning? ✔ What events or behaviors were typical or widespread? If appropriate, what was unusual or out of the ordinary? ✔ Do you see any connections or patterns in what you observed? ✔ Why did the people you observed proceed with an action in the way that they did? What are the implications of this? ✔ Did the stated or implicit objectives of what you are observing match to what was achieved? ✔ What were the strengths and weaknesses of the observations you recorded? ✔ Did you see connections between what you observed, and the findings of similar studies identified from your review of related literature? ✔ Have you learned something from what you observed? IV. Conclusion and Recommendations It is the summary of the entire study which emphasize the importance of your observations. You should also include your recommendations based on the results of the study. The conclusion should not be more than two or three paragraphs. V. Appendix This is where you would place information that is not essential to explaining your findings but supports your analysis, validates the conclusions and the reader understand the overall report. Ex. Figures, tables, graphs, charts, statistics, pictures, maps etc. VI. References List all sources that you consulted and gathered information from while writing your field report. VI. PRACTICE TASKS PRACTICE TASK I (Survey Report) Instructions: Read the sample report, “Fast-Food Addiction”. In your notebook, answer the following comprehension questions. Sample Report Fast – Food Addiction 1.) It is no secret that the US is leading the world in its swelling obesity. The nation is subsisting on a diet of high-calorie convenience food. In fact, Americans have increased their spending on fast – food items from $6 billion to nearly $160 billion annually over the past four decades. What may come as a shock, however, is the accumulation of evidence suggesting that the main ingredients in the typical “hamburger, fries, and cola” are addictive compounds that keep customers lining up for their next fix. 12 www.shsph.blogspot.com 2.) The key culprits are sugar and fat. Empirical studies reveal that the heavy dosage of these substances in today’s super-sized standard of a fast –food meal can trigger brain activity similar to that endured when a person is on hard drugs. A representative individual serving at McDonald’s or Burger King can dish out up to 2000 calories, including more than a cup of sugar and 84 grams of fat. Single – handedly, this meal sized portion meets the full daily caloric requirement for the average woman. Moreover, it exceeds the recommended daily allowances of both sugar and fat for any adult, regardless of gender. 3.) Whereas heroin is an opiate, both sugar and fat stimulate endogenous opioids such as beta – endorphins in the hypothalamus, just above the brain stem. These naturally occurring painkillers activate the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, into a small cluster of cells located in the midbrain called the nucleus acumens. Here, dopamine functions to elicit feelings of pleasure or euphoria. What’s more, it motivates an individual to proactively repeat any action that originally fueled its production. In the case of sugar and fat, purported addiction is a consequence of the body craving the release of dopamine inherent in their consumption. 4.) To validate reports that fat and sugar behave in a drug –like fashion, researchers have conducted laboratory studies demonstrating that they induce classic addictive symptoms. For example, eliminating sugar from the nutritional regime of rats that are used to a primarily sweet diet produced anxiety asymptomatic of heroin and nicotine withdrawal. Moreover, increased tolerance to addictive food substances was noted. In one experiment, rats were fed a chocolate drink containing a high ratio of both fat and sugar. Although the animals were found to ingest increasing amounts of the potent liquid, their total production, of resulting brain opiates was, in fact, diminished. This would suggest that the rodents had become progressively more tolerant to the effects of fat and sugar. Furthermore, it is likely they would subsequently require a greater quantity in order to achieve the same high. Likewise, in humans, brain-imaging scans of obese and non-obese persons illustrate that the heftier the individual, the fewer dopamine receptors are present. Researchers are uncertain whether this is the basis or the outcome of obesity. However, as weight rises, individuals need to consume increasingly larger portions to experience a comparable euphoric effect. (Laurel, M., Lucero, A., & Cruz, R.,2016). Comprehension Questions 1. What is the main issue in the introductory paragraph? Answer: ______________________________________. 2. In the next paragraph, what are considered as the culprits? Answer: _______________________________________. 3. How many calories are there in a serving of burger? How many calories a day is required of the average woman? Answer: _______________________________________________. 4. Draw a diagram based on paragraph 3 showing the path from sugar and fats in the body to addiction. 13 www.shsph.blogspot.com Answer: _____________________________________________. 5. Based on paragraph 4, what are two scientific proofs that sugar and fat behave like drugs causing addiction. Answer: _____________________________________________. 6. How did the author conclude the report? Answer: ____________________________________________ 7. What caution was suggested in the conclusion? Answer: ______________________________________________. PRACTICE TASK II Instructions: From the sample report, ‘Fast-Food Addiction”, fill in the blank with the correct content. 1. Statement of the 1. Problem 2. Cause of the Problem 2. 3. Analysis of the cause 3. 4. Proof 4. 5. Application of the 5. research PRACTICE TASK III Instruction: Write at least 5 - sentence summary of the sample report given on your notebook. Example: 1. Obesity is caused by fast-food addiction. 2. _________________________________. 3. _________________________________. 4. _________________________________. 5. _________________________________. 14 www.shsph.blogspot.com PRACTICE TASK IV Using the table below, prepare a substitute meal and snack for the usual fast food items. Be guided by the given sample. Fast – food meal/snacks Substitute Chicken, rice, Cola or soft drinks Fish or vegetable, rice, fresh fruit juice VII. POST TEST Interview at least 2 members of your family about the kind of food that they eat every day. Write a report comparing the nutritional value of their food intake. Follow the structure, steps and guidelines in writing a survey report. VIII. ASSIGNMENT Interview or observe at least two people (at home or a neighbor) – one who has gained pounds, and another who has lost some. Then, let each one writes two separate reports on the noted respective regimens. Let them include diets, exercises, and other practices. 15 www.shsph.blogspot.com REFERENCES 1. Laurel, M., Lucero, A., & Cruz, R. (2016). English for Academic and Professional Purposes (Teacher’s Guide) Technical Vocational Livelihood. (1 st Edition) Department of Education- Bureau of Learning Resources 2. Laurel, M., Lucero, A., & Cruz, R. (2016). English for Academic and Professional Purposes. (Reader) (1st Edition) Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources 3. Buensuceso, D., et.al (2016). Practical Research 1 (Teacher’s Guide) Senior High School (1st edition) Department of Education- Bureau of Learning Resources 4. Barrot, J. & Sipacio, P. (2016). Communicate Today English for Academic & Professional Purposes for Senior High School 5. Prieto, N., Naval, V., and Carey T. (2017 ) Practical Research for Senior High School. Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. 6. Paurillo, P. M., (2019). Research Writing Ability of Senior High School Students as Perceived by Teachers of Sampled schools in Quezon City. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences,4(3), 1788-1800. 19