Understanding the Self PDF

A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O UNDERSTANDING THE SELF WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW ONESELF? SELF-CONCEPT? Self-concept is how the individual perceives oneself. It is the belief that an individual holds about...

A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O UNDERSTANDING THE SELF WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW ONESELF? SELF-CONCEPT? Self-concept is how the individual perceives oneself. It is the belief that an individual holds about oneself. THE Self F R O M T H E V A R I O U S PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES PHILOSOPHY (philosophia) The term was first used by Pythagoras Love of wisdom Seeks to understand fundamental truths about oneself, about life, and the world What is a person? What makes a person the same through time? Do people have minds? If so, how is the mind related to the body? How do we know what we know? Questions the existing knowledge and intuitions to get closer to the truth PHILOSOPHY originated because... Search for: TRUTH MEANING PURPOSE SIGNIFICANCE PHILOSOPHY SELF A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S SOCRATES "Know thyself" An unexamined life is not worth living Every man is dualistic body soul A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S SOCRATES: TWO DICHOTOMOUS REALMS PHYSICAL REALM IDEAL REALM CHANGEABLE UNCHANGING TRANSCENDENT ETERNAL IMPERFECT IMMORTAL A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S SOCRATES The first thinker to focus on the full power of reason on the human self Soul strives for wisdom and perfection and the reason is the soul's tool to achieve an exalted state of life A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S SOCRATES A person can have a meaningful and happy life only if he becomes virtuous and knows the value of himself that can be achieved through constant soul searching. A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S PLATO He was a student of Socrates Philosophy of the self can be explained as a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul He believe in the existence of the mind and soul A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S PLATO Three parts of the soul: 1) RATIONAL SOUL 2) SPIRITED SOUL 3) APPETITIVE SOUL These three elements of ourselves are in a dynamic relationship with one another sometimes in conflict A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S PLATO He believes that genuine happiness can only be achieved by people who consistently make sure that the rational is in control of their spirits and appetites. A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S ARISTOTLE He was a student of Plato Body and soul are not two separate elements but are one thing. The soul is simply the form of the body and is not capable of existing without the body. A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S ARISTOTLE The soul makes a person a person The soul is the essence of the self The rational nature of the self is to lead a good flourishing and fulfilling life Without the body the soul cannot exist the soul dies along with the body. A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S ARISTOTLE Soul and body, I suggest sympathetically upon each other a change in the state of the soul produces a change in the shape of the body and conversely a change in the shape of the body produces a change in the state of the soul. A N C I E N T P H I L O S O P H E R S ARISTOTLE Three Kind of Soul: 1) VEGETATIVE SOUL 2) SENTIENT SOUL 3) RATIONAL SOUL THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES ST. AUGUSTINE "I am doubting, therefore I am" Integrated the ideas of Plato and Christianity The soul is united with the body so that man may be entire and complete That humankind is created in the image and likeness of God THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES ST. AUGUSTINE Human person being a creation God is always geared towards the good. The self is known only through God Self-knowledge is a consequence of knowledge of God “Knowledge can only come by seeing the truth that dwells within us” THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES RENE DESCARTES "I think, therefore I am" “there is so much that we should doubt” “if something is so clear and lucid as not to be doubted, that’s the only time one should believe.” The art of thinking about self of being self-conscious is in itself proof that there is self. THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES RENE DESCARTES "I think, therefore I am" The self is a combination of two distinct entities: COGITO – the thing that thinks the mind EXTENZA – the extension to mind which is the body THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES JOHN LOCKE The human mind at birth is tabula rasa or blank slate Argued that the inside of a baby's brain was empty ready to learn everything through experience. The self is constructed primarily from sense experience Consciousness is necessary to have a coherent THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES DAVID HUME Self is simply a bundle or collection of different perceptions which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidly and are in perpetual flex and movement The idea of personal identity is a result of imagination therefore there is no self. Mind's perceptions Impressions Ideas THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES IMMANUEL KANT We construct the self Self is not just what gives one his personality but also the state of knowledge acquisition for all human persons The self constructs its own reality creating a world that is familiar and predictable THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES GILBERT RYLE "I act, therefore I am" The self is the way people behave The way we act is the same as who we are Self is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all behaviors that people make Self is the same as bodily behavior. THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES PAUL CHURLAND Self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body eliminative materialism The self is the brain THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY The self is embodied subjectivity Mind and body are inseparable “one’s body is his opening toward his existence to the world” 'It's never too late to be what you might've been.” ―George Eliot. Thank you and God bless!  TITLE: A PERSONAL TIMELINE TO HELP ME UNDERSTAND WHO I AM OVER TIME SUPPLIES REQUIRED: IMAGES OF YOU DATING BACK TO WHEN YOU WERE A BABY, INCLUDING PICTURES THROUGHOUT YOUR CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE. LARGE PAPER OR POSTER BOARD ADHESIVE OR GLUE COLORED PENCILS, PENS, OR MARKERS SCISSORS LITTLE CARDS OR STICKY NOTES (OPTIONAL) TAPE