Population & Its Structure - 202x

Population & its structure Who is this person? The answer is…. Populations problems Demographic Study Geographic inquiries Population What is population? It refers to the total number of people Where do people live? living in a plac...

Population & its structure Who is this person? The answer is…. Populations problems Demographic Study Geographic inquiries Population What is population? It refers to the total number of people Where do people live? living in a place. What is a population pyramid? The study of population includes its size, What information can we derive from a density, distribution, structure and their population pyramid? controlling factors. How can we draw a population pyramid? The study of population is known as Who would use the demographic data? Why? demography. Populations problems Analyzing population pyramids Functions of population pyramids - identify issues/problems arising from the trend of population changes - reveal the level of development of a country Composition of a Source: U.S. Census Bureau International Database population: A population pyramid can reveal the age and gender age distribution sex distribution structure of the population of a place at a specific time. ethnicity language religion Population pyramids of Hong Kong, 2016 occupation https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-population-pyramid.html# Population pyramids: Powerful predictors of the future https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLmKfXwWQtE Population pyramids give us visual information to compare population size between age or sex groups. The shape (top, base & height), indents and bulges of the bars also inform different demographic changes.  Due to increasing living standard, the top has been getting taller and wider as Population pyramid of Hong Kong, 2021 people live longer. 1950-60s Data source: Census and Statistics Department, HKSAR 2003 The outbreak of SARS Post-war baby boom Crude birth rate: 6.8 per 1,000  Discussion Why are there indents?  Discussion Why are there bulges? Populations problems Age structure Elderly Dependent population (65 years old or above) They are people aged 0-14 and 65 and above who depend on the working population for caring and financial support. Adults (15-64 years old) Working population / Independent population They are people aged Children 15-64 who are working (0-14 years old) in the labour force/ economically active. The population pyramid can be divided into three groups in terms of age. It shows the proportion of dependent and working / independent population. Populations problems Are there enough economically active Age structure people to support the elderly and children? Age structure of Hong Kong, 2021 Elderly: Children: 19.6% 10.9% Adults: 69.5% Data source: Census and Statistics Department, HKSAR Do you agree to strengthen the existing retirement scheme for the aged? Why? Populations problems Age structure Dependency ratio (%) population aged < 15 + population aged > 64 Dependency ratio ∗ 100% population aged 15 − 64 It is the ratio between the dependents (old and young) and the economically active. 65 & Dependency Country / Place 0-14 15-64 over Ratio A result such as 80 would mean that for Hong Kong SAR 10.9 69.5 19.6 ?? every 100 economically active people there are China 18 ?? 13.5 46 80 dependent people. USA 19 66 15 51.5 Japan 13 60 27 ?? Niger ?? 47 3 112.8 Data source: Census and Statistics Department of HK (2021), National Bureau of Statistics (2020), World Bank (2016), A map showing the age dependency ratio of countries worldwide Age dependency ratios of countries worldwide https://www.populationpyramid.net/hnp/age-dependency-ratio-of-working-age-population/2016/china/ Population pyramids of countries worldwide https://www.populationpyramid.net/china/2019/ Populations problems Age structure Hints to economic development of a country Age structure shows the proportion of working population which is a key factor for economic growth. MEDCs / LEDCs They refer to more / less economically developed countries. A population pyramid gives hints about the economy of a country. Countries, e.g. LEDCs, with a large dependent population (either young or old) tends to have a weak economy due to greater burden. Countries, e.g. MEDCs, with a large economically active population may have a strong economy due to the rich human resources. The following are possible to be revealed from a population pyramid: - labour force - hygiene - level of development - medical care - political stability - migration - life expectancy - birth control & family planning  USA Cedar Rapids, IA Detroit, MI (92% White) (82% African-American) Honolulu, HI Laredo, TX (66% Asian-American and/or (94% Hispanic) Native Hawaiian) Unalaska, AK Lawrence, KS Naples, FL (71% Male) (College Town) (42% over age 65) Populations problems China's Population Pyramid, 1950 - 2050 Age structure Hints to economic development of a country Spatial variations Population pyramids are different between countries and even within a country. Temporal variations Population pyramids of a country change over time, as it develops its economy. Populations problems Gender Sex ratio structure Number of males ∗ 100 Sex ratio Number of females It is the proportion of males to females in a Sex ratio at birth population. (male births per 100 female births) Place Sex Ratio Hong Kong 85 China 115 USA 105 Japan 106 Niger 105 Source: World Bank (2017) Why Do We Have More Boys Than Girls? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IaYhG11ckA Feature article: Too Many Men https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/world/too-many-men/ Populations problems What demographic challenges can be Analyzing population anticipated from a population pyramid? pyramids Imbalanced sex ratio Ageing population Populations problems If you do not share any characteristics of the most typical person in the world, what’s your place in the world population? What’s my place in the world’s population? https://population.io/