Russia & The Republics Notes PDF

Russia & The Republics NOTES Communism ⚫ After Lenin’s death in 1924, __________________________ took control of the Russia...

Russia & The Republics NOTES Communism ⚫ After Lenin’s death in 1924, __________________________ took control of the Russia government. ⚫ ______________ country in the world (6,592,800 sq. miles) ⚫ He was considered by most to be a ruthless dictator. ⚫ 9th largest population in the world (142 million people) ⚫ His regime is known for __________________ , which was the inhumane, rapid ⚫ Spans _________ time zones industrialization of the U.S.S.R. Stalin sent millions of Soviets who did not conform ⚫ World’s largest ______________ and energy resources to the Stalinist ideal to ______________ -______________ camps. ⚫ World’s largest ______________ reserves ⚫ Historians believe about ______________________Soviets died from starvation, ⚫ Its lakes contain approximately __________ of the world’s unfrozen fresh water executions, and life in the labor camps. Russian History Cold War ⚫ Dominated by ______________ for over three centuries ⚫ The time of Stalin was the beginning of the ______________ , which was the ⚫ Ivan the ______________ (Ivan III) finally united Russia in the mid-1440’s ⚫ Ivan period of high tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. ⚫ The Cold IV (Ivan the ______________ ) was officially the first czar (or emperor) of Russia. War escalated numerous times to potential World Wars, but never reached that point. Although he did many great things to unite Russia, constant fighting, famine, and the The most notable events were the _____________________ , the Korean War, the death of his sons caused the decline of Russia. Vietnam War, the _____________________________, and the Soviet-Afghan War ⚫ ________________________________ officially founded the Russian Empire in 1721. He founded the capital at St. Petersburg in 1703. Peter the Great took back Fall of the Soviet Union parts of Russia lost by Ivan IV. ⚫ The Cold War ended during the time of ___________________________ ’s reign ⚫ ___________________________ (Catherine the Great) defeated Napoleon and as ruler. brought Russia closer to being a world power towards the end of the 18th century. ⚫ The ⚫ Gorbachev introduced openness within the country and a time of restructuring to period of the czars continued until the Russian Revolution of 1917. Russian Revolution modernize the country. ⚫ Russian people revolted during World War I, ending the rule of the ⚫ The U.S.S.R. was the ________ largest economy in the world before its collapse. ______________. Russian Federation ⚫ ___________________________ took control of the government, and created the ⚫ The Soviet Union collapsed in _____________, forming ____ new and world’s first Communist state. independent republics. ⚫ The capital was moved to Moscow in 1918. ⚫ __________ ____________was elected President of Russia in 1991, in the first ⚫ The ______________ (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was created in 1922 direct presidential election in Russian history. Economic Struggles Russia Today ⚫ Under Communist rule, a ______________________________ was implemented. ⚫ Current President – ______________________ _____________ ⚫ The government took ______________ of the state’s wealth, land, mines, factories, ⚫ World’s leading natural gas exporter banks, and transportation systems. ⚫ World’s ___________ leading oil exporter ⚫ ______________ farms were common. Large teams of laborers were moved to the ⚫ 7th highest GDP in the world farms to work together. ⚫ ___________ largest number of billionaires in the world (101), with Moscow  being the city with the most billionaires. _____________ has been voted the ⚫ The land and its people were devastated in ________________, in which _____% ___________ most expensive city to live in the world two years in a row. ⚫ of the population was lost…and half of their resources. Currency is the ___________. ($1 U.S. dollar = $23.8 Rubles) ⚫ Alexander ________________ has been president since 1994, and has Russian Culture implemented Soviet-era policies despite objections from western countries. ⚫ 2 ⚫ _____________ population (decreased over 200,000 people in 2007) ⚫ Russia has a official languages (Belarusian & Russian) free ____________________ system guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution. ⚫ No official religion, although most are Orthodox Christians (literacy rate – 99.4%). Competitive entry makes schooling very strong. ⚫ One of the closest ________________ to Russia ⚫ Free, _____________ _____________ care for all citizens. ⚫ Founding member of the ______________ (Commonwealth of Independent ⚫ As a result of the large difference in life expectancy between men and women and States), and home of its headquarters in Minsk. because of the lasting effect of World War II, where Russia lost more men than Moldova any other nation in the world, the _____________ _____________ remains to this ⚫ ________________ country in eastern Europe day and there are 0.859 males to every female. ⚫ One of a select few countries in the world that are ruled by a ____ _____ ____ - ⚫ Virtually all Russians speak _____________, the official state language. ___ _ __ communist government. Approximately 7 million speak ________________ (2nd most spoken language). ⚫ ⚫ Russian forces still remain in east Moldova today against their wishes in _____________ (Orthodox Christian – 20%, Islam – 11%, other Christian – 2%, _______________ (wants to secede from Moldova) non-religious – 50-60%) ⚫ Wants to join the ________________ Union for economic stability ⚫ Classical music and ballet are world famous in Russia. _____________________ ⚫ President of Moldova – Vladimir ________________ composed Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, and Sleeping Beauty. ⚫ Poorest country in Europe with per capita income of $ ________________ Sports in Russia ⚫ Imports all of its supplies of petroleum, natural gas and coal ⚫ Religion – ⚫ 1980 Summer _______________ held in Moscow (boycott by U.S. due to Russian Orthodox Christian ________% invasion of ______________________ in 1979) Ukraine ⚫ Since the 1952 Olympics, Soviet/Russian athletes have always been in the top 3 ⚫ ________________ of the former Soviet states (besides Russia) located on the for the number of gold medals awarded in Summer Olympics. Black Sea ⚫ The _____________ Winter Olympics will be held in Sochi, Russia. ⚫ ________________ economy that has been increasing about 7% per year since ⚫ Site of the 2007 World Ice Hockey Championships in Moscow. the year 2000 after hard beginnings Western Republics ⚫ Has _____separate ________________ of government – judicial, executive and ⚫ Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic Republics legislative ⚫ _____________________________ – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania ⚫ These ⚫ President Viktor ________________ won a heated election in 2004 that involved countries are the six countries in the western part of the former Soviet Empire dioxin poisoning after a runoff that are now independent since the collapse in 1991. ⚫ ______________ largest GDP in the world Belarus ⚫ ________________ Health Care ⚫ ________________ country in eastern Europe Chernobyl, Ukraine ⚫ 1/3 of the country is covered in ________________  ⚫ Ranked ____________ in the world for freedom of the press ⚫ Home of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster Lithuania ⚫ Worst ________________ accident in history ⚫ Located on the Baltic Sea south of Latvia ⚫ Explosion sent a huge amount of ________________ fallout into the atmosphere ⚫ Similar to Estonia and Latvia, independence after WWI taken away by Russia and in the geographic area during WWII ⚫ ________________ people were evacuated ⚫ Approximately ________________ Lithuanian ________________ were killed or ⚫ At the time of the accident, 7 million people lived in the contaminated area ⚫ exiled during WWII (one of the highest mortality rates of the Holocaust ⚫ ________ Since the accident, thousands of _________ _ in the area have been diagnosed of Lithuania’s residents are ethnic Lithuanians, speaking Lithuanian (1 of 2 surviving with thyroid ________ caused by radiation Baltic languages) ⚫ __________ of Lithuanians are Roman Catholic Estonia ⚫ Less than 2% of the population lives below the poverty line, and literacy ⚫ Located on the ________________ Sea (thus the name Baltic Republics) rate is 99.6% ⚫ Member of the ________________ Union since 2004 ⚫ Oddly, Lithuanians have the highest ________________ rate in the world (over ⚫ Independence from Russia and Germany following WWI, but then lost at the 90/100,000 population) beginning of WWII ⚫ Suffered greatly in the early to mid-20th century after German and Soviet Transcaucasia occupation, with thousands ⚫ The republics of ________________, ________________, and being put into Soviet ________________ camps ________________ ⚫ Regained independence in 1991 with collapse of Soviet Union ⚫ The oldest human ________________ found outside of Africa were found in the ⚫ About _________ of the country’s population of 1.4 million people live in republic of Georgia in 1999 ________________ (capital) ⚫ Traditional________________ for migration between Europe and Asia ⚫ Ranked __________ in the world for freedom of the press ⚫ Market economy with no debt and a balanced budget (U.S. debt is currently $9.4 Armenia trillion) ⚫ Landlocked, mountainous country between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea ⚫ ⚫ One of the _________ countries in the world to have a flat tax rate, which is Kingdom of Armenia arose around 600 BC, and was one of the most decreasing to its goal of 18% by 2010 ________________ kingdoms of its time within the region. Kingdom remained for almost 1,000 years Latvia ⚫ Considered the ________________ country in the world to adopt ⚫ Located on the ________________ Sea south of Estonia ________________ as its official state religion in 301 ⚫ Member of ________________ Union since 2004 ⚫ During WWI, Armenians are remembered for the Armenian ________________. ⚫ ________________ is the majority religion, and 60% of Latvia is Latvian…with The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) killed between 650,000 and 1.5 million 27% being Russian Armenians. ⚫ Lutheran is the primary branch of Christianity, similar to Estonia  ⚫ April 24th is known widely as Armenian ________________ Day ⚫ Armenia ⚫ A cease fire in May 1994 ended the fight, but not the struggle. Peace talks have maintains good relations with almost every country in the world, with two major been underway since, and until this day to determine the fate of the region. ⚫ exceptions…________________ and ________________. ________________ controls the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, along with Azerbaijan approximately 9% of Azerbaijan’s territory ⚫ Largest of the south ________________ countries located on the Caspian Sea ⚫ ⚫ Over ________________ died in the conflict Predominantly ________________ country with potential rich oil resources in the More Conflicts… Caspian Sea ⚫ The ________________ in the Caspian Sea has been valued at over ________ ⚫ Economy has been improving slowly since the separation from the Soviet Union, trillion but inflation has hurt their growth. ⚫ If the Caspian is a __________, then all countries bordering it would have legal ⚫ Population is almost _____________ male/female and urban/rural, but population rights to its own part of the sea bed growth is very slow, with doubling time being approximately 106 years ⚫ Separation ⚫ If the Caspian is a___________, the law says that most of the resource wealth of powers in the government between legislative, judicial and executive…with the must be shared equally among the countries that border it. current president being ________________ ⚫ ________________ has large reserves of oil off of its coast, so it says that the ________________ Caspian is a sea Georgia ⚫ ________________ says that the Caspian is a lake, as they have very few offshore oil reserves. ⚫ ________________ country located on the Black Sea ⚫ Representative ________________, and was the 2nd country to adopt Christianity as its state religion in 337 Even More Conflicts… ⚫ Declared independence in 1918, which lasted until 1921. At that time, the Red ⚫ ________________ Ossetia wants to reunite with ________________ Ossetia (part of Russia), and fought from 1989-1992…resulting in over 2,000 deaths and Army (Soviet military) invaded Georgia and took control 40,000 refugees ⚫ ________________ has long been important to Georgia’s economy. Also, wine ⚫ ________________ cleansing of Georgians occurred in Abhkazia from 1992- 1993 making is a very old tradition in which an unknown number were killed and up to 250,000 refugees ⚫ Separatists in ⚫ About __________ live below the poverty line. both regions were supported by Russia, although the United Nations does not ⚫ The Georgian ________________ (dinner party) is a traditional dining activity recognize either region as states. that involves mass quantities of food and lots of friends and socializing They Fight too Much!!! Conflicts… ⚫ First ________________ War (1994-1996) between Russia and Chechnya was to ⚫ ________________ -________________ is a region that is located within stop Chechnya from seceding from Russia…with approximately 46,000 dead Azerbaijan, but officially is part of Armenia. (Hospital Crisis was stepping stone to cease fire) ⚫ Both countries went to war against each other from ___________- ⚫ Second ________________ War (1999-????) between Russia and Chechnya was ___________over the land again to bring back Chechnya to Russia…leaving a half million people displaced after severe bombings by Russian aircraft. (School hostage crisis in 2004)