Pituitary Disorders PDF

Pituitary Disorders Dr. Amit Ranjan Assistant Professor Department of Zoology MGCUB ‫ علي حسن الجبوري‬/ ‫االستاذ‬ Motihari, Bihar  Two reasons for pituitary disorders.  Hyperactivity  Hypoactivity Parts HYPER...

Pituitary Disorders Dr. Amit Ranjan Assistant Professor Department of Zoology MGCUB ‫ علي حسن الجبوري‬/ ‫االستاذ‬ Motihari, Bihar  Two reasons for pituitary disorders.  Hyperactivity  Hypoactivity Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism 1. Dwarfism 2. Acromicria 2. Acromegaly 3. Simmond’s 3. Cushing’s disease disease Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of Diabetes insipidus inappropriate hyper secretion of ADH (SIADH) https://slideplayer.com/slide/5708307/  Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior Pituitary 1. Dwarfism 1.Gigantism 2. Acromicria 2. Acromegaly 3. Simmond’s disease 3. Cushing’s disease Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of Diabetes insipidus inappropriate hyper secretion of ADH (SIADH) Gigantism: It is caused by overproduction of the Growth Hormone that occurs during childhood. The overproduction of the growth hormone is due to a Pituitary Gland tumor. As the tumor grows it compresses against the Pituitary Gland making an excessive amount of GH. Signs and symptoms:  General overgrowth of the person leads to the development of a huge stature, with a height of more than 7-8 feet The limbs are disproportionally long.  Giants are hyperglycemic and develop glycosuria and pituitary diabetes. Hyperglycaemia causes constant stimulation of β-cells of langerhans in pancreas Treatment : Drug therapy: Bromocriptine Radiation therapy Surgery: To remove pituitary adenoma  Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism 1. Dwarfism 2. Acromicria 2.Acromegaly 3. Simmond’s disease 3. Cushing’s disease Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of Diabetes insipidus inappropriate hyper secretion of ADH (SIADH) Acromegaly: Hormonal disorder, pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. Acromegalic patient bones increase in size, including hands, feet and face. Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults. Signs and symptoms:  Acromegalic or (gorilla face). Face with rough feature, such as, thickening of lips, thickening and wrinkles formation on forehead and prognathism (protrusion of lower jaw).  Enlargement of hands and feet.  Enlargement of visceral organ, such as, lungs, thymus, heart, liver, etc.  Hyperactivity of thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal gland.  Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism 1. Dwarfism 2. Acromicria 2. Acromegaly 3. Simmond’s disease 3.Cushing’s disease Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of Diabetes insipidus inappropriate hyper secretion of ADH (SIADH)  CUSHING'S DISEASE Rare disease characterized by obesity. Develop by basophilic adenoma of adenohypophysis. It increases secretion of AcTH, which in turn stimulate adrenal cortex to release cortisol. Develop by hyperplasia or tumor of adrenal cortex. The disorder due to the pituitary cause is cushings diseases and when due to adrenal cause, called cushings syndrome.  Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism 1.Dwarfism 2. Acromegaly 2. Acromicria 3. Cushing’s disease 3. Simmond’s disease Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of Diabetes insipidus inappropriate hyper secretion of ADH (SIADH)  DWARFISM It is a pituitary disorder in children, characterized by stunted growth.  Tumor of chromophobe cell. It is a non functioning tumor, which compresses and destroys the normal cells secreting GH.  It is a common cause for hyposecretion of GH, leading to dwarfism.  Deficiency of growth hormone releasing hormone(GRH), secreted by hypoyhalamus.  Deficiency of somatomedin-C.  Atrophy or degeneration of acidophilic cells in anterior pituitary.  Panhypopituitarism: There is reduction in the secretion of all the hormones of anterior pituitary hormones. Signs and symptoms: Inhibit skeletal growth. Maximum height- 3 feet. Body proportions of different parts of body are almost normal, only head becomes slightly larger in relation to body. Mental activity normal, with no mental retardation. Reproductive function is not affected, if only GH deficient, but during panhypopituitarism, the dwarfs do not obtain puberty due to the deficiency of gonadotropic hormone.  Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism 1. Dwarfism 2. Acromegaly 2.Acromicria 3. Cushing’s disease 3. Simmond’s disease Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of Diabetes insipidus inappropriate hyper secretion of ADH (SIADH)  Acromicria Rare disease in adults characterized by the atrophy of the extremities of the body  Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism 1. Dwarfism 2. Acromicria 2. Acromegaly 3. Cushing’s disease 3.Simmond’s disease Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of Diabetes insipidus inappropriate hyper secretion of ADH (SIADH) Simmonds disease is a chronic deficiency of function of the pituitary gland, a form of hypopituitarism, that leads to atrophy of many of the viscera, including the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, thyroid, adrenals, and gonads. The disease results in emaciation and death if left untreated.  Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior 1. Gigantism 1. Dwarfism Pituitary 2. Acromicria 2. Acromegaly 3. Simmond’s 3. Cushing’s disease disease Posterior Diabetes Pituitary Syndrome of insipidus inappropriate hyper secretion of ADH (SIADH) Syndrome of inappropriate hypersecretion of ADH (SIADH) It is characterized by loss of sodium through urine due to hypersecretion of ADH In last, Patient die because of coma and convulsions  Parts HYPER HYPO Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism 1. Dwarfism 2. Acromicria 2. Acromegaly 3. Simmond’s 3. Cushing’s disease disease Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of inappropriate hyper Diabetes secretion of ADH insipidus (SIADH)  Diabetes insipidus Hyposecretion of ADH causes excess excretion of water through urine It causes water imbalancement in the body. This imbalance leads to intense thirst even after drinking fluids(polydipsia) and excretion of large amounts of Urine(polyuria). It is of two types: a) central diabetes insipidus. b) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.  Causes: A) Central Diabetes Insipidus:  Degeneration of supraoptic and Paraventricular nuclie of hypothalamus.  Injury in hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract.  Degeneration of posterior pituitary. B) Nephrogenic diabetes Insipidus:  Inability of Renal tubules to give response to ADH hormone or vasopressin. Sign and symptoms:  Polyuria: Excretion of large quantity of dilute urine. Daily output is about 4 to 20 L of urine. In absence of ADH, DCT and collecting duct become impermeable to water. Therefore water is not reabsorbed from renal tubules and collecting duct; leads to loss of water through urine.  Plydipsia: Intake of excess of water. It stimulates thirst centre in hypothalamus , resulting intake of large quantity of water.  Dehydration: Thirst centre is affected. Water intake decreases in patient and loss of water is not compensated. Therefore, dehydration develops which may leads to death. Diagnosis:  Fluid deprivation test.  Blood reports  Urine reports. Treatment:  Enough water intake to maintain water level.  Medicines like Dasmopressin, Aspirin,Thiazide are helpful.