RRB JE CBT 1 Previous Year Papers 2023 PDF

RRB JE CBT-1 (29 May Shift-3) Q1. In a code language, 'KUMAR' is coded as 'LVNBS'. How is 'EMOTIONAL' coded in that language? (a) FNQUJQMBM (b) FNPUJPOBM (c) FNQUJPOBM (d) FNQUJQOBM Q2. The resistance of a conductor directly proportional to its- (a) All the options (b) Area of cross section (c) Thickness (d) Length Q3. Which of the following two banks merger with Bank of Baroda was effective from 1 April 2019? (a) Axis Bank and Vijaya Bank (b) Vijaya Bank and SBI Bank (c) Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank (d) Dena Bank and Axis Bank Q4. Find the ODD one out from the given options. (a) 123 (b) 151 (c) 147 (d) 131 Q5. Onion is a ________. (a) Seed (b) Bulb (c) Root (d) Fruit Q6. The outermost fibrous coating of the eye is called- (a) Ciliary Body (b) Iris (c) Choroid (d) Sclera Q7. In a certain code, 'ABCDEF' is written as 'ZYXWVU'. How would 'MEAT' be written in that code? (a) NWZG (b) NVGZ (c) NVZU (d) NVZG Q8. What are homologous chromosomes? (a) X-chromosomes (b) Y-chromosomes (c) Heterozygous chromosomes (d) Autosomes 1 Q9. Which of the following trophies is NOT associated with cricket? (a) Ryder Cup (b) Ranji Trophy (c) The Ashes (d) Deodhar Trophy Q10. If 5 @ 29 = 32, 41 @ 78 = 117 and 16 @ 32 = 46, then what will be 22 @ 46? (a) 31 (b) 48 (c) 66 (d) 52 Q11. Find the decimal equivalent of 1/25. (a) 0.4 (b) 0.04 (c) 0.2 (d) 0.004 Q12. Virupaksha Temple, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is dedicated to the deity- (a) Krishna (b) Ganesh (c) Shiva (d) Vishnu Q13. Ranjith got two times as many sums wrong as he got right. If he attempted 48 sums in all, how many did he solve correctly? (a) 25 (b) 19 (c) 11 (d) 16 Q14. Find the ODD one out from the given options. (a) 11 (b) 6 (c) 18 (d) 9 Q15. Find the missing group of alphabets in the following series. YP, TK, (…), MD, KB (a) NF (b) PG (c) UV (d) RI Q16. Which of the following decreases in moving from left to right along a period? (a) Electron affinity (b) Electro negativity (c) Atomic radius (d) Ionisation energy 2 Q17. Why are luggage fitted with rollers? (a) Rollers obstruct easy and smooth movement (b) Rollers give grip to luggage so that movement is tough (c) Wheels reduce friction and rolling makes the movement smooth and easy (d) Rolling friction is higher than sliding friction. Hence, luggage are fitted with rollers Q18. Complete the series. 8, 30, 74, 162, (…) (a) 301 (b) 338 (c) 349 (d) 316 Q19. Two men walk along the same direction at 4.5 km/hr and 5.75 km/hr respectively. If they start walking together at their respective speeds, how many kilometres apart are they at the end of 3.5 hours? (a) 4.375 km (b) 5.75 km (c) 4.5 km (d) 30.725 km Q20. Across which of the following rivers is Mettur Dam built? (a) Mahanadi (b) Sindhu (c) Cauvery (d) Bhavani Q21. Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below. During a vacation, a game is being played. For the game, 9 people from J to R (mix of boys and girls) have to stand in a vertical row. Boys are wearing black shoes and girls are wearing pink shoes. The row starts at top and with a pink shoe. Boys and girls stand alternately in the row. Each position in the row can be occupied by one person only. i) J stands seven places before K. ii) Third pink shoes is L. iii) Second boy after L is M. iv) Fourth place in the row is occupied by N. v) O stands ahead of J. vi) P stands between L and J. vii) R is a girl. Which of the following is a pair of girls? (a) N and Q (b) R and M (c) O and N (d) P and L Q22. One should NOT sleep under a tree at night, because- (a) Carbon monoxide is released (b) Nitrogen is released (c) Carbon dioxide is released (d) Oxygen is released 3 Q23. Which is the main fuel used in a nuclear power plant? (a) Uranium-235 (b) Strontium-90 (c) Polonium-210 (d) Caesium-137 Q24. A square sheet of paper is folded into a cylinder by rolling along its side. What is the ratio of side of the square to the base radius of the cylinder? (a) 2π : 1 (b) 1 : 2π (c) 1 : 4π (d) 1 : π Q25. Simplify: 23 × 2(45 - 15) + 168 ÷ 4 ÷ 2 - (11)2 (a) 1080 (b) 1410 (c) 1280 (d) 685 Q26. In this question, statements are given followed by three conclusions. Choose the conclusion(s) which best fit(s) logically. Statements: O ≥ T > W = G; D ≤ T Conclusions: I. W > D II. W < O III. O ≥ D (a) Only conclusions I and III are true (b) Only conclusion I is true (c) Only conclusions I and II are true (d) Only conclusions II and III are true Q27. Which of the following is an example of sound-absorbent material used to reduce reverberation? (a) Ceramic (b) Glass (c) Iron (d) Compressed fibre board Q28. Choose the alternative that best replaces the question mark(?) in the given figure. 8 9 10 6 5 4 25 ? 19 23 27 21 (a) 24 (b) 18 (c) 21 (d) 12 4 1 1 Q29. If 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 1, then find the value of 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 3. (a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2 Q30. What was the theme of 'International Women's Day', 2019? (a) Think equal, build smart, innovate for change (b) Dialogue, tolerance and peace (c) Let's bring change to the world (d) Bridging health and social care Q31. With which of the following sports is Parupalli Kashyap associated? (a) Cricket (b) Tennis (c) Badminton (d) Football Q32. Who is considered as the father of Indian surgery? (a) Charaka (b) Vaghbhata (c) Atreya (d) Sushruta Q33. An incident ray makes an angle of 30° with the surface of a plane mirror. What is the angle of reflection? (a) 45° (b) 15° (c) 30° (d) 60° Q34. An object is sold at a profit of 50% and tax levied is 4%. What is the net profit? (a) 40% (b) 56% (c) 36% (d) 44% Q35. Find the value of 0.18̅ (a) 17/100 (b) 27/90 (c) 17/90 (d) 18/100 Q36. A, B and C can run around a circular path once in 252 seconds, 308 seconds and 198 seconds respectively. If they start running from a point simultaneously, after what time will they meet again at the starting point? (a) 42 minutes 50 seconds (b) 45 minutes (c) 26 minutes 30 seconds (d) 46 minutes 12 seconds 5 Q37. Find the missing group of alphabets in the following series. ZA, WB, (…), KH, BP (a) RD (b) RP (c) IR (d) PG Q38. Who was the first person to land on the moon? (a) Edwin Aldrin (b) Alan Bean (c) Rakesh Sharma (d) Neil Armstrong Q39. Complete the series. 8, 13, 13, 23, 18, 33, (…) (a) 31 (b) 21 (c) 35 (d) 23 Q40. Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below. Twelve people are sitting in two parallel rows containing six people each, in such a way that there is an equal distance between adjacent persons. In row-1, P, Q, R, S, T and V are seated, and all of them are facing south. In row-2, A, B, C, D, E and F are seated, and all of them are facing north. Therefore, in the given seating arrangement each member seated in a row faces another member of the other row. A sits third to the right of D. Neither A nor D sits at the extreme ends. T faces D. V does not face A, and V does not sit at any of the extreme ends. V is not an immediate neighbour of T. B sits at one of the extreme ends. Only two people sit between B and E. E does not face V. Two persons sit between R and Q. R is not an immediate neighbour of T. C does not face V. P is not an immediate neighbour of R. How many members sit between T and S? (a) One (b) Three (c) Two (d) Four Q41. A sum increases by 100% in 8 years at a certain rate of Simple Interest. What will be the Compound Interest on Rs.8000 after 2 years at the same rate of interest? (a) Rs.2075 (b) Rs.2025 (c) Rs.2050 (d) Rs.2125 Q42. Which of the following will best complete the relationship given below? ZYX : TSR :: MLK : ? (a) GFE (b) HGF (c) EDC (d) EFG 6 Q43. Find the number of factors of 12 excluding 1 and 12. (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 4 Q44. How many squares are there in the given figure? (a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 10 Q45. Father is aged 3 times more than his son. After 8 years, he would be 2.5 times his son's age. Further after 8 years, what would be the ratio of his age to that of his son? (a) 5 : 2 (b) 11 : 4 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 2 : 1 Q46. A situation marked by rising prices and stagnation in demand is known as- (a) Demand–pull inflation (b) Wage–push inflation (c) Stagflation (d) Cost-push inflation Q47. Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is fulfilled by golden rice? (a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin B (c) Vitamin K (d) Vitamin C Q48. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified potassium permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears. Which of the following is the CORRECT explanation for the observation? (a) The colour disappears due to dilution (b) Potassium permanganate is an unstable compound (c) Ferrous sulphate acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises potassium permanganate (d) Potassium permanganate is an oxidising agent, it oxidises ferrous sulphate Q49. The ages of A, B and C are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. The sum of their ages is 108. What will be the ratio of their ages twelve years hence? (a) 1 : 3 : 5 (b) 1 : 2 : 3 (c) 3 : 4 : 5 (d) 2 : 5 : 6 7 Q50. Who was the first woman Prime Minister of Great Britain? (a) Hillary Clinton (b) Margaret Thatcher (c) Cherie Blair (d) Imelda Marcos Q51. Which of the following salts is used in the preparation of sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda? (a) Sodium carbonate (b) Magnesium chloride (c) Potassium chloride (d) Sodium chloride Q52. The population of a village increased from 18000 to 22500. What is the increase percentage? (a) 20% (b) 15% (c) 25% (d) 30% Q53. Which of the following states consists of super energetic and super excited particles? (a) Liquid (b) Gas (c) Plasma (d) Solid Q54. An isotope of iodine is used in the treatment of- (a) Goitre (b) Scurvy (c) Nyctalopia (d) Rickets Q55. LCM and HCF of two numbers are 2400 and 16 respectively. If one number is 480, find the other number. (a) 60 (b) 90 (c) 40 (d) 80 Q56. Choose the figure that best represents the relationship among the classes given below. Batsman, Ball, Cricket, Stump (a) (b) 8 (c) (d) Q57. Which of the following glands prepares an animal for flight? (a) Pineal (b) Pancreas (c) Thyroid (d) Adrenal Q58. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT for carbon compounds? (a) Good conductors of electricity (b) Poor conductors of electricity (c) Do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules (d) Both poor conductors of electricity and do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑥𝑦 Q59. If 𝑥 = 100, 𝑦 = 99 then find the value of. 𝑥 3 −𝑦 3 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 199 (d) 0 Q60. Which ingredient makes bread fluffy? (a) Egg (b) Yeast (c) Flour (d) Vanilla Q61. Srinivas can do a job in 15 days and Ramesh can do the same job in 9 days. With the help of Ravi, they did the job in 3 days. In how many days can Ravi alone do the same job? 2 (a) 6 5 days 3 (b) 6 7 days 1 (c) 6 5 days (d) 10 days 9 Q62. P can do some work in 9 days. If Q is 50% more efficient than P, then how long will Q take to do the work? (a) 13.5 days (b) 6 days (c) 4.5 days (d) 3 days Q63. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sec θ + 𝑏 tan θ and 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan θ + b sec θ, then find 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2. (a) 𝑎 + 𝑏 (b) 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 (c) √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 (d) 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 Q64. What is the SI unit of relative density of a substance? (a) kg m3 (b) kg m−3 (c) m3 (d) No unit Q65. If sin A = 1/2 and A and B are complementary angles, then find the value of sin(A - B). (a) -1/2 (b) -1 (c) 1/2 (d) 0 Q66. Arjun, Bharath and Chandru played a cricket match. The ratio of runs scored by Arjun and Bharath is 1 : 2 and the ratio of runs scored by Bharath and Chandru is 3 : 4. If together they score 204 runs, how many runs has Chandru made more than Arjun? (a) 62 runs (b) 66 runs (c) 60 runs (d) 70 runs Q67. The Simple Interest and Compound Interest on a certain sum of money for two years are Rs.8400 and Rs.8652 respectively. Find the rate of interest. (a) 5.5% (b) 6% (c) 5% (d) 4.5% Q68. A rectangular carpet has an area of 120 m2 and a perimeter of 46 m. Find the length of its diagonal. (a) 15 m (b) 20 m (c) 17 m (d) 16 m 10 Q69. Simplify: √6 + √6 + √6 + √6 + ⋯ (a) 6 (b) 1/6 (c) 3 (d) 2 Q70. The most reactive among the halogens is- (a) Chlorine (b) Fluorine (c) Bromine (d) Iodine Q71. The headquarter of Wildlife Institute of India is located at- (a) Bhopal (b) Dehradun (c) New Delhi (d) Mysuru Q72. In a class 3/4 of the students do not know either Hindi or English. 1/6 of the students know English and 1/8 of the students know Hindi. What part of the students know both English and Hindi? (a) 1/12 (b) 1/4 (c) 5/6 (d) 1/24 Q73. Which lens is used for correcting 'Hypermetropia' in humans? (a) Convex (b) Progressive (c) Concave (d) Bifocal Q74. Find the missing number in the following series. 7776, (…), 216, 36, 6 (a) 1275 (b) 1296 (c) 1287 (d) 1263 Q75. Choose the alternative that best replaces the question mark(?) in the given figure. (a) 18 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 12 11 Q76. Which part of our body does rheumatism affect? (a) Heart (b) Neck (c) Head (d) Joint Q77. Dhanush missile is a naval version of ______ missile. (a) Akash (b) Agni (c) Nag (d) Prithvi Q78. Rahim started from point X and walked straight 5 km west, then turned left and walked straight 2 km and again turned left and walked straight 7 km. In which direction is he from the point X? (a) South west (b) North west (c) South east (d) North east Q79. A boy walks 2 km to the east and walks 2.5 km to the north. Again he turns to the east and walks 1.5 km. How far is he from the starting point? (a) 4.3 km (b) 1.5 km (c) 2.5 km (d) 5.5 km Q80. If 687 + 509 = 560897, then 619 + 703 = ? (a) 193670 (b) 760391 (c) 760931 (d) 760139 Q81. P invests half as much as Q and Q puts in half as much as R in a business. If the monthly profit of Rs.7000 is shared between them, then what is the share of R? (a) Rs.2000 (b) Rs.3000 (c) Rs.1000 (d) Rs.4000 Q82. If sin A = cos B, where A and B are acute, then find (A + B). (a) 50° (b) 90° (c) 45° (d) 60° Q83. Which isotope was chosen as the standard reference for measuring atomic masses? (a) Carbon-11 (b) Carbon-12 (c) Carbon-14 (d) Carbon-13 12 Q84. Aluminium foil used for wrapping- (a) Plastic (b) Food items (c) Wires (d) Cloth Q85. In this question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions. Choose the conclusion(s) which best fit(s) logically. Statements: 1) All students are girls. 2) No girl is beautiful. Conclusions: I. Some students are beautiful. II. No student is beautiful. (a) Only conclusion I follows (b) Neither conclusion I nor II follows (c) Both conclusions I and II follow (d) Only conclusion II follows Q86. Which of these transports oxygen to every cell of the body? (a) R.B.C. (b) R.B.C. and hormone (c) R.B.C and W.B.C. (d) W.B.C. Q87. Acids are ______ in taste. (a) Salty (b) Sour (c) Sweet (d) Bitter Q88. Which Mughal emperor was also known as Salim? (a) Shah Jahan (b) Jahangir (c) Akbar (d) Aurangzeb Q89. Which of the following games is played on a board divided into 64 black-and-white squares? (a) Scrabble (b) Chinese Checkers (c) Chess (d) Ludo Q90. From a cube of side 6 cm, a hemisphere of maximum volume is scooped out. What is the remaining volume? (a) 216 - 12π (b) 216 - 18π (c) [27 - (2π/3) × 6] (d) 36 - (3π/3) 13 Q91. Find the ODD one out from the given options. (a) (b) (c) (d) Q92. At which of the following speed do bullets travel? (a) Infrasonic (b) Supersonic (c) Hyposonic (d) Subsonic Q93. Hari bought a cardboard for Rs.18000 and spent Rs.5000 on transport and Rs.2000 on labour. He made 500 boxes and sold them at Rs.60 per box. What was his profit percentage? (a) 22% (b) 25% (c) 15% (d) 20% Q94. Ram cycles from a place A to B and again back to A at a uniform speed of 12 km/h. His friend Gopi sails on a boat from A to B and back to A where his still water speed is 10 km/h and flow of river is 4 km/h. Who will return to A first? (a) Gopi (b) Ram (c) Cannot be determined (d) Both reach at same time Q95. The refractive index of second medium with respect to the first medium n21 is given by which formula? (a) The product of the speed of light in first medium and the speed of light in the second medium. v1 × v2 (b) The sum of the speed of light in the first medium and the speed of light in the second medium v1 + v2 (c) Ratio of speed of light in second medium to speed of light in first medium. v2 /v1 (d) Ratio of speed of light in first medium to speed of light in second medium. v1 /v2 14 Q96. Find the missing number in the following series. 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, (…), 123, 199 (a) 102 (b) 70 (c) 76 (d) 84 Q97. Which of the following is the highest mountain peak in India? (a) Nanda Devi (b) Anamudi (c) Kanchenjunga (d) Kamet Q98. In this question, a statement is given followed by two conclusions. Choose the conclusion(s) which best fit(s) logically. Statement: Company ABC has marketed the product. Go ahead, purchase it if price and quality are your considerations. Conclusions: I. The product must be good in quality. II. The price of the product must be reasonable. (a) Both conclusions I and II follow (b) Only conclusion I follows (c) Only conclusion II follows (d) Either conclusion I or II follows Q99. 'Hammer', 'anvil' and 'stirrup' are bones found in which part of the body? (a) The vertebral column (b) The ear (c) The elbow (d) Ribcage Q100. Which of the following Articles is for “Protection of interests of Minorities”? (a) Article 29 (b) Article 30 (c) Article 27 (d) Article 26 15 Solution S1. Ans. (b) Sol. Given, 'KUMAR' is coded as 'LVNBS'. How is 'EMOTIONAL' in this question following logic is followed- Identification: Identify the logic in each letters in the word: KUMAR – LVNBS Place of K is the according to table (K comes at 11th position) = 11 Similarly, U = 21; M = 13; A = 1; R = 18 K (11) + 1 = L (12) U (21) + 1 = V (22) M (13) + 1 = N (14) A (1) + 1 = B (2) R (18) + 1 = S (19) Logic: First letter (+1), second letter (+1), third letter (+1) and fourth letter (+1) Similarly, for 'EMOTIONAL' ? = First letter = E + 1 =F ? = Second letter = M + 1 = N ? =Third letter = O + 1 = P ? = Fourth letter = T + 1 = U ? = Fifth letter = I + 1 = J ? = Sixth letter = O + 1 = P ? = Seventh letter = N + 1 = O ? = Eighth letter = A + 1 = B ? = Ninth letter = L + 1 = M Final we got the answer is FNPUJPOBM Similarly, 16 S2. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Length. The resistance of a conductor depends on its length, material, temperature, and cross-sectional area. According to Ohm's Law, resistance (R) is directly proportional to the length (L) of the conductor. Mathematically, R∝LR. This means that if the length of the conductor increases, its resistance also increases proportionally. Information Booster: Area of cross-section: The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to its cross- sectional area. As the area increases, the resistance decreases. Thickness: Thickness is essentially the same as the cross-sectional area. A thicker conductor has a larger cross-sectional area, which reduces resistance. All the options: Not all the options are correct because the resistance is not directly proportional to the area of cross-section or thickness; it is inversely proportional to them. S3. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank. On 1 April 2019, the merger of Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank with Bank of Baroda became effective. This amalgamation created the third-largest lender in India after State Bank of India (SBI) and HDFC Bank. The merger was part of the Indian government's initiative to consolidate public sector banks to create a stronger and more efficient banking sector. Customers of Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank became customers of Bank of Baroda, and all services continued under the Bank of Baroda brand. Information Booster: Axis Bank: Axis Bank is a private sector bank in India and was not involved in this merger. SBI Bank: State Bank of India (SBI) is the largest public sector bank in India and was not part of this merger. Dena Bank: Dena Bank was a public sector bank that merged with Bank of Baroda as part of the consolidation plan. Vijaya Bank: Vijaya Bank was a public sector bank that also merged with Bank of Baroda under the same consolidation plan. S4. Ans. (d) Sol. The pattern followed here is, Option (a): 127- It is a Prime number. Option (b): 151 It is a Prime number. Option (c): 147 It is not a Prime number. Option (d): 131 It is a Prime number. Therefore, the correct answer is option (d). S5. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Bulb. An onion is classified as a bulb, which is a specialized underground storage organ. Bulbs consist of a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that store nutrients and water. These structures help the plant survive adverse weather conditions and support the growth of the plant during the growing season. Onions, along with garlic, tulips, and lilies, are common examples of bulbous plants. 17 Information Booster: Seed: Seeds are the reproductive units of flowering plants, capable of developing into another plant. They contain an embryo, a food supply, and are encased in a seed coat. Root: Roots are the part of a plant that anchors it to the ground, absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and often stores food. Fruit: Fruits are the mature ovaries of flowering plants, typically containing seeds. They develop from the fertilized ovary of a flower and aid in the dispersal of seeds. S6. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Sclera. The sclera is the white, opaque, outermost fibrous coating of the eye. It provides structural support and protection for the inner components of the eye. The sclera covers most of the eyeball, except for the cornea, and is continuous with the cornea at the front of the eye. It is composed of dense connective tissue, primarily collagen, which makes it tough and resilient. The sclera also serves as an attachment point for the extraocular muscles, which control eye movement. Information Booster: Ciliary Body: The ciliary body is part of the eye's middle layer, responsible for producing aqueous humor and containing the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens. Iris: The iris is the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil and controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. Choroid: The choroid is the vascular layer of the eye, located between the sclera and the retina, providing oxygen and nutrients to the outer layers of the retina. S7. Ans. (d) Sol. Given, 'ABCDEF' is written as 'ZYXWVU' in this question following logic is followed: 18 Identification: Identify the logic in each letters in the word: 'ABCDEF' – 'ZYXWVU' Each letter is the opposite letters. Z is the opposite of A Similarly, For B ⇆ Y For C ⇆ X For D ⇆ W For E ⇆ V For F ⇆ U Logic: Letter are opposite Similarly, for 'MEAT' ? = First letter = M ⇆ N ?= Second letter = E ⇆ V ? =Third letter = A ⇆ Z ? = Fourth letter = T ⇆ G Final we got the answer is NVZG S8. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Autosomes. Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and size and carry genes for the same traits at corresponding positions (loci). In diploid organisms, one chromosome of each homologous pair is inherited from the mother and the other from the father. These chromosomes pair up during meiosis, the process of cell division that results in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells). Homologous chromosomes ensure the proper segregation of genetic material to offspring. Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Information Booster: X-chromosomes: X-chromosomes are sex chromosomes that determine female sex characteristics in organisms with XY sex-determination systems. Females typically have two X- chromosomes. Y-chromosomes: Y-chromosomes are sex chromosomes that determine male sex characteristics in organisms with XY sex-determination systems. Males typically have one X and one Y chromosome. Heterozygous chromosomes: This term does not refer to a specific type of chromosome but rather to the condition of having two different alleles at a particular gene locus. S9. Ans. (a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Ryder Cup. The Ryder Cup is associated with golf, not cricket. It is a biennial men's golf competition between teams from Europe and the United States. The event is named after the English businessman Samuel Ryder, who donated the trophy. Information Booster: Ranji Trophy: The Ranji Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket championship played in India. It is named after Ranjitsinhji, the famous Indian cricketer. The Ashes: The Ashes is a Test cricket series played between England and Australia. It is one of the oldest and most celebrated rivalries in international cricket. Deodhar Trophy: The Deodhar Trophy is a List A cricket competition in Indian domestic cricket. It is named after Prof. D. B. Deodhar, a prominent figure in Indian cricket. 19 S10. Ans. (c) Sol. Given, 5 @ 29 = 32, 41 @ 78 = 117 and 16 @ 32 = 46 in this question following logic is followed- 5 @ 29 = 32 → 5 + 29 = 34 – 2 = 32 41 @ 78 = 117 → 41 + 78 = 119 – 2 = 117 And 16 @ 32 = 46 → 16 + 32 = 48 – 2 = 46 Similarly, 22 @ 46 → 22 + 46 = 68 – 2 = 66 Thus, the correct answer is (c). S11. Ans. (b) Sol. Given, 1 = 0.04 25 Thus, the correct answer is (b). S12. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Shiva. The Virupaksha Temple is located in Hampi, Karnataka, India. It is part of the Group of Monuments at Hampi, which is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, who is worshipped here as Virupaksha. Virupaksha is another name for Lord Shiva and means 'the one with the oblique eye.' The temple is a prominent religious structure and has been in worship since its inception in the 7th century. It underwent significant expansions during the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. The temple was built by Lakkan Dandesha, a nayaka under the ruler Deva Raya II, also known as Prauda Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire. S13. Ans. (d) Sol. Let the number of correct solutions be x So, incorrect solutions = 2x Now, x + 2x = 48 Or, x = 16 S14. Ans. (b) Sol. In this question following logic is followed- From the Option (a): 11- It is a Prime number. Option (b): 6 It is not a Prime number. Option (c): 18 It is not a Prime number. Option (d): 9 It is not a Prime number. Thus, the correct answer is (a). 20 S15. Ans. (b) Sol. Given, YP, TK, (…), MD, KB Identification: Identify the logic in each letter in the word: YP – TK Place of Y is the according to table (Y comes at 25th position) = 25 Similarly, For P = 16 For T= 20 For K = 11 Y (25) - 5 = T (20) P (16) - 5 = K (11) Logic: First letter (-5, -4, -3…) and second letter ((-5, -4, -3…) Trick to solve: Y → (-5) = T → (-4) = P → (-3) = M → (-2) = K P → (-5) = K → (-4) = G → (-3) = D → (-2) = B Therefore, the correct answer is (b). S16. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Atomic radius. As you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table, the atomic radius decreases. This is because the number of protons in the nucleus increases, leading to a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. This pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, reducing the atomic radius. The increasing positive charge in the nucleus (due to more protons) attracts the electrons more strongly, pulling them closer to the center and decreasing the size of the atom. Information Booster: Electron affinity: Electron affinity generally increases across a period because the atoms become more eager to gain electrons to complete their valence shell. Electronegativity: Electronegativity also increases across a period due to the increasing effective nuclear charge, which attracts bonding electrons more strongly. Ionisation energy: Ionisation energy increases across a period because the electrons are held more tightly by the higher positive charge in the nucleus, making it harder to remove an electron. S17. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Wheels reduce friction and rolling makes the movement smooth and easy. Rollers or wheels on luggage are designed to reduce friction between the luggage and the surface it moves on. This reduction in friction makes it easier to move the luggage with less effort. Rolling friction, which occurs when an object rolls over a surface, is significantly lower than sliding friction, which occurs when an object slides over a surface. This is why wheeled luggage is much easier to maneuver compared to carrying or dragging it, especially over long distances or on smooth surfaces. 21 Information Booster: Rollers obstruct easy and smooth movement: This statement is incorrect because rollers are meant to facilitate smooth movement, not obstruct it. Rollers give grip to luggage so that movement is tough: This is incorrect. Rollers are designed to make movement easier, not tougher. Rolling friction is higher than sliding friction. Hence, luggages are fitted with rollers: This is incorrect. Rolling friction is lower than sliding friction, which is why rollers are used to make movement easier. S18. Ans. (b) Sol. Give, 8, 30, 74, 162, (…) in this question following logic is followed- dentification of logic: second term is = 8 + 22 = 30 third number = 30 + 44 = 74 we can say difference is consecutive 22, 44, 88, ……... logic: difference is + 22, +44, +88, ……... application of logic: forth number = 74 + 88 = 162 similarly, 8 + 22 = 30 30 + 44 = 74 74 + 88 = 162 162 + 176 = 338 finally we got the missing number is ? = 338. S19. Ans. (a) Sol. Speed of the first man = 4.5 km/hr Speed of the second man = 5.75 km/hr Therefore, the relative speed = 5.75 – 4.5 = 1.25 km/hr Distance cover in 3.5 hrs. = 3.5 × 1.25 = 4.375 km. S20. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Cauvery. The Mettur Dam is constructed across the Cauvery River. It is one of the largest and oldest dams in India, completed in 1934. Located in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu, it plays a crucial role in irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. The dam creates the Stanley Reservoir, which is vital for the agricultural activities in the region. The reservoir provides irrigation to around 2,71,000 acres of land in the Cauvery Delta. Information Booster: Mahanadi: This river flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The Hirakud Dam, one of the longest dams in the world, is built across the Mahanadi River. Sindhu (Indus): One of the longest rivers in the world, it flows through China (Tibet), India, and Pakistan. The river is historically significant as the cradle of the Indus Valley Civilization. Bhavani: A major tributary of the Cauvery River, it originates from the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu. The Bhavani Sagar Dam is built on this river, which is one of the largest earthen dams in the world. 22 S21. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: i) J stands seven places before K. ii) Third pink shoes is L. iii) Second boy after L is M. iv) Fourth place in the row is occupied by N. v) O stands ahead of J. vi) P stands between L and J. vii) R is a girl. As per the given information the arrangement will be as shown below: Sl No. Shoes Boy/Girl 1 Pink O J 2 Black J 3 Pink P 4 Black N 5 Pink L L 6 Black Q 7 Pink R 8 Black M K 9 Pink K From the above the pair of girls is P and L. S22. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Carbon dioxide is released. Trees release carbon dioxide during the night due to respiration. Unlike during the day when photosynthesis occurs and oxygen is produced, at night, the absence of sunlight halts photosynthesis. As a result, trees take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. High concentrations of carbon dioxide in the surrounding air can lead to health issues such as headaches and breathing difficulties. Therefore, it is advised not to sleep under trees at night to avoid potential health risks S23. Ans. (a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Uranium-235. Uranium-235 is the primary fuel used in nuclear power plants. It is a fissile isotope of uranium, meaning it can sustain a chain reaction of nuclear fission. When the nucleus of a Uranium-235 atom captures a neutron, it splits into smaller nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy in the form of heat, which is then used to generate electricity. Information Booster: Strontium-90: Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope produced by nuclear fission but is not used as fuel in nuclear reactors. It is known for its long half-life and potential health hazards if released into the environment. Polonium-210: Polonium-210 is a highly radioactive element that emits alpha particles. It is not used as a fuel in nuclear power plants but has applications in scientific research and as a heat source in space satellites. Caesium-137: Caesium-137 is a byproduct of nuclear fission in reactors and nuclear weapons. It is not used as a nuclear fuel but is utilized in medical applications, industrial gauges, and as a calibration source for radiation detection equipment. 23 S24. Ans. (a) Sol. Let the side of the square be a If the square sheet of paper is folded into a cylinder by rolling along its side, then The perimeter of the cylinder = a ⇒ 2πr = a ⇒ r = a/2π ∴ Ratio of the side of the square to the radius of cylinder = a : a/2π = 2π : 1 S25. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: 23 × 2(45 - 15) + 168 ÷ 4 ÷ 2 - (11)2 Concept: To solve this, we follow the BODMAS rules (Brackets, Orders (i.e., powers and square roots, etc.), Division and Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction). Solution: 23 × 2(45 - 15) + 168 ÷ 4 ÷ 2 - (11)2 = 23 × 2(45 - 15) + 168 ÷ 4 ÷ 2 – 121 = 23 × 2(30) + 168 ÷ 4 ÷ 2 – 121 = 23 × 60 + 168 ÷ 4 ÷ 2 – 121 = 23 × 60 + 42 ÷ 2 – 121 = 23 × 60 + 21 – 121 = 1380 + 21 – 121 = 1401 – 121 = 1280 S26. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: Statements: O ≥ T > W = G; D ≤ T Solution: According to the given statements, Conclusion I: W > D Combining the statements for this conclusion, D≤T>W This does not follow Conclusion II: W < O The statements for this conclusion, O≥T>W This follows Conclusion III: O ≥ D Combining the statements for this conclusion, O≥T≥D This follows Hence, “only conclusion II and conclusion III” follow. 24 S27. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Compressed fibre board. Compressed fibre board is a type of sound-absorbent material commonly used to reduce reverberation in rooms and auditoriums. It works by absorbing sound waves and reducing the amount of sound that is reflected back into the space, thereby minimizing echo and reverberation. Information Booster: Ceramic: Ceramic materials are hard and dense, making them excellent at reflecting sound rather than absorbing it. They are not typically used for sound absorption. Glass: Glass is a rigid and non-porous material, which also reflects sound waves rather than absorbing them. It is used more for soundproofing rather than sound absorption. Iron: Iron is a dense and hard material that reflects sound waves. S28. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: 8 9 10 6 5 4 25 ? 19 23 27 21 Concept: The pattern followed is, Column wise: (First Number × Second Number) = (Third Number + Fourth Number) Calculation: For Column 1: 6 × 8 = 25 + 23 48 = 48 For Column 3: 10 × 4 = 19 + 21 40 = 40 Similarly, For Column 2: 9 × 5 = ? + 27 45 – 27 = ? ? = 18 Therefore, the correct answer is 18. S29. Ans. (a) Sol. Given: 1 𝑥+ =1 𝑥 Formula used: (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃(𝒂 + 𝒃) Calculation: 1 𝑥+ =1 𝑥 Cube of the both side- 25 1 𝟑 1 𝟑 1 1 (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 𝟑 + ( ) + 𝟑𝒙 × (𝒙 + ) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝟑 1 1 1 (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟑 × 𝟏 (𝒙 + ) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 Putting the value of 𝑥 + = 1 𝑥 𝟑 𝟑 1 (1) = 𝑥 + 𝟑 + 𝟑 × 𝟏 (𝟏) 𝑥 1 1 = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝟑 + 𝟑 𝟑 1 𝑥𝟑 + 𝟑 = 1 − 3 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝟑 + 𝟑 = −2 𝑥 S30. Ans. (a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Think equal, build smart, innovate for change. The theme for International Women's Day in 2019 focused on innovative ways in which we can advance gender equality and the empowerment of women, particularly in the areas of social protection systems, access to public services, and sustainable infrastructure. The theme emphasizes the importance of creating a world where everyone is equal and where women can participate fully in all aspects of life, including economic and political decision-making. Key points of International women’day: International Women's Day (IWD) is a holiday celebrated annually on March 8 as a focal point in the women's rights movement. IWD gives focus to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against women. This year, 2024, the theme is 'Invest in Women: Accelerate Progress.' This theme aims to target economic disempowerment. S31. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Badminton. Parupalli Kashyap is an Indian badminton player who has achieved significant success in international competitions. He is known for his agility, skill, and strategic gameplay in the sport of badminton. Kashyap won the gold medal in men's singles at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and has been a prominent figure in Indian badminton. Information Booster: He was awarded the Arjuna Award by the Government of India in 2012. He created history by reaching the quarter-finals of men's singles at the 2012 London Olympics, being the first male player from India to do so. S32. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Sushruta. Sushruta is renowned as the father of Indian surgery. He authored the ancient Indian text "Sushruta Samhita," which is a seminal work in the field of surgery and medicine. The "Sushruta Samhita" includes detailed descriptions of surgical techniques, instruments, and procedures, showcasing advanced surgical knowledge for that era. Sushruta's contributions laid the foundation for many modern surgical practices, and he is credited with performing rhinoplasty (reconstructive surgery of the nose) and other complex operations. 26 Information Booster: Charaka: Known as one of the principal contributors to Ayurveda, Charaka is famous for his work "Charaka Samhita," which focuses on internal medicine. Vaghbhata: An important figure in Ayurveda, Vaghbhata wrote the "Ashtanga Hridayam," a comprehensive text on Ayurveda covering both medical and surgical knowledge. Atreya: An ancient sage and physician, Atreya is credited with teaching the principles of Ayurveda and internal medicine, contributing significantly to the field. S33. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: The incident ray makes an angle of 30° with the surface of the plane mirror. Explanation: - The angle of incidence (i) is the angle between the incident ray and the normal to the surface. - If the incident ray makes an angle of 30° with the surface, the angle of incidence with the normal (which is perpendicular to the surface) will be: Angle of incidence = 90° − 30° = 60° Angle of Reflection: According to the law of reflection, the angle of reflection (r) equals the angle of incidence. Angle of reflection = 60° S34. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: Profit = 50% Tax levied = 4% Formula used: Profit = SP – CP Calculation: Let CP of the object be Rs. 100 150 ⇒ SP of the object = 100 × 100 = Rs. 150 96 Price of the object after levied tax = Rs. 150 × 100 = Rs. 144 ⇒ Profit = Rs. 144 – Rs. 100 = 44 44 ∴ Profit percent = 100 × 100 = 44% S35. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: 0.18̅ Calculation: Let, x = 0.18̅ ⇒ x = 0.18888........(i) Multiply by 10 in equation (i) 10x = 1.8888….. ⇒ 10x = 1 + 0.888.....ii) Multiply by 100 in equation (ii) 100x = 18 + 0.8888...iii) 27 Subtract equation (ii) from equation (iii) 90x = 17 17 ∴ x = 90 Short Trick: 0.18̅ 18−1 ⇒ 90 17 ⇒ 90 S36. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: Time taken to complete round by A = 252 second Time taken to complete round by B = 308 second Time taken to complete round by C = 198 second Calculation: LCM of 252, 308 and 198 252 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 308 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 11 198 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 11 LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 11 = 2772 2772 minutes = 46 minutes 12 seconds Therefore, they meet again after 46 minutes 12 seconds letter. S37. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: ZA, WB, (…), KH, BP Identification: Identify the logic in each letter in the word: ZA – WB Place of Z is the according to table (Z comes at 26th position) = 26 Similarly, For W = 23 For A= 1 For B = 2 Z (26) - 3 = W (23) A (1) + 1 = B (2) Logic: First letter (-3, -5, -7 and -9) and second letter (+1, +2, +4, and +8) Trick to solve: Z → (-3) = W → (-5) = R → (-7) = K → (-9) = B A → (+1) = B → (+2) = D → (+4) = H → (+8) = P Therefore, the correct answer is (b). 28 S38. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Neil Armstrong. Neil Armstrong was the first person to land on the moon. He achieved this historic feat on July 20, 1969, as part of NASA's Apollo 11 mission. Armstrong's famous words upon setting foot on the lunar surface were, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Information Booster: Edwin Aldrin: Also known as Buzz Aldrin, he was the second person to walk on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission, following Neil Armstrong. Alan Bean: Alan Bean was the fourth person to walk on the moon, part of the Apollo 12 mission in November 1969. Rakesh Sharma: Rakesh Sharma is an Indian astronaut and the first Indian citizen to travel in space. He flew aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz T-11 in 1984. S39. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: 8, 13, 13, 23, 18, 33, (…) Identification: In this series there are two series are given as- 1st series → 8, 13, 18……… 2nd series → 13, 23, 33…………. Logic: 1st series – (+5) and 2nd series – (+10) Trick to solve: 8 → (+5) = 13 → (+5) = 18 → (+5) = 23 13 → (+10) = 23→ (+10) = 33→ (+10) = 43 Thus, the series is – 8, 13, 13, 23, 18, 33, (23) S40. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: Arranging them according to the given information, I. A sits third to the right of D. II. Neither A nor D sits at the extreme ends. III. T faces D. IV. B sits at one of the extreme ends. V. Only two people sit between B and E. From above information there are two cases are possible- VI. V does not face A, and V does not sit at any of the extreme ends. VII. V is not an immediate neighbour of T. VIII. E does not face V. 29 Here, case II is eliminated. IX. Two persons sit between R and Q. X. R is not an immediate neighbour of T. XI. C does not face V. XII. P is not an immediate neighbour of R. Thus, the final arrangement is given below as- From the above arrangements there are two (Q and V) sits between T and S. S41. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: Simple interest for 8 years = 100% Formula used: 𝑃×𝑅×𝑇 Simple interest = 100 𝑟 𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + ) 100 CI = A - P Calculation: 100 Simple interest for 1 year = rate of interest = 8 = 12.5% Now, P = Rs. 8000, r = 12.5% t = 2 years As we know, 𝑟 𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + ) 100 12.5 2 𝐴 = 8000 (1 + ) 100 112.5 2 𝐴 = 8000 ( ) 100 9 𝐴 = 8000 ( ) 2 8 9 9 𝐴 = 8000 × × 8 8 A = 10125 So, CI = 10125 – 8000 = 2125 Compound Interest = Rs. 2125. 30 S42. Ans. (a) Sol. Given: ZYX : TSR :: MLK : ? Identification: Identify the logic in each letter in the word: ZYX : TSR Place of Z is the according to table (Z comes at 26th position) = 26 Similarly, For Y = 25 For X = 24 For Z (26 ) - 6 = T (20) Y(25) – 6 = S(19) X(24) - 6 = R(18) Logic: First letter (-6), second letter (- 6) and third letter (-6). Similarly for MLK ? = First letter = M - 6 = G ?= Second letter = L - 6 = F ? =Third letter = K - 6 = E Final we got the answer is GFE. S43. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: Number = 12 Factor excluding 1 and 2 Solution: 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 12 = 22 × 31 Number of factors = (2 + 1) × (1 + 1) = 6 Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 ∴ Number of factors excluding 1 and 12 are 4 factors i.e. 2, 3, 4, 6. S44. Ans. (a) Sol. Given: There are 2 rows and 3 columns in the above figure. Solution: Total squares are there in the given figure is 8 – ABFE, BCGF, CDHG, EFJI, FGKJ, GHLK, ACKI and BDLJ. 31 S45. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: Father is aged 3 times more than the age of his son. Solution: Let the age of son be x Age of father is 4x. (3 times more = x + 3x) After 8 years: Father's age is 2.5 times of Son's age. 4x + 8 5 = x + 8 2 8x + 16 = 5x + 40 8x – 5x = 40 – 16 3x = 24 x=8 Thus, the present age of son age = 8 Father age = 4x = 32 After 8 years son age = 8 + 8 = 16 Father age = 32 + 8 = 40 After further 8 years son age = 16 + 8 = 24 Father age = 40 + 8 = 48. the ratio of his age to that of his son = 48 : 24 = 2 : 1. S46. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Stagflation. Stagflation is an economic condition characterized by slow economic growth and relatively high unemployment, or economic stagnation, which is at the same time accompanied by rising prices (inflation). This term was first coined during the 1970s when many developed economies experienced rapid inflation and high unemployment as a result of an oil shock. In stagflation, the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high. This presents a dilemma for economic policy since actions designed to lower inflation may exacerbate unemployment, and vice versa. Information Booster: Demand–pull inflation: This occurs when the demand for goods and services exceeds their supply. It leads to higher prices because consumers are willing to pay more to get the products they want. This often happens in a booming economy. Wage–push inflation: This type of inflation occurs when rising wages increase the costs of production for companies, which in turn pass these costs on to consumers in the form of higher prices. It is often linked to strong labor unions and wage negotiations. Cost-push inflation: This happens when the overall prices increase (inflation) due to increases in the cost of wages and raw materials. It is different from demand-pull inflation, where higher prices are caused by increased demand. Cost-push inflation can occur due to supply chain disruptions, increased costs of production, or higher taxes on products. 32 S47. Ans. (a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Vitamin A. Golden rice is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. The consumption of golden rice can help combat vitamin A deficiency, which is a major public health issue in many developing countries. Vitamin A is essential for maintaining good vision, immune system function, and skin health. Vitamin A is also called retinol. Information Booster: Vitamin B: This is a group of vitamins that includes B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folic acid), and B12 (cobalamin). Each of these vitamins has different functions and sources. Vitamin K: This vitamin is crucial for blood clotting and bone health. It is found in leafy green vegetables, meat, cheese, and eggs. Vitamin C: Also known as ascorbic acid, it is important for the growth, development, and repair of all body tissues. It is found in various fruits and vegetables, including oranges, strawberries, kiwi, bell peppers, and spinach. S48. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Potassium permanganate is an oxidising agent, it oxidises ferrous sulphate. Potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) in acidic solution is a strong oxidising agent. When ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) is added to the acidified potassium permanganate solution, the MnO 4− ions from potassium permanganate oxidise the Fe2+ ions in ferrous sulphate to Fe3+. The reduction half-reaction for potassium permanganate in acidic solution is: MnO4−+8H++5e−→Mn2++4H2O This reaction causes the light purple colour of KMnO 4 to fade and eventually disappear as it gets reduced to colourless Mn2+ Information Booster: The colour disappears due to dilution: This is incorrect as the fading of the purple colour is not due to dilution but a chemical reaction. Potassium permanganate is an unstable compound: This is incorrect because potassium permanganate is a stable compound under normal conditions and its reactivity in this scenario is due to its strong oxidising properties. Ferrous sulphate acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises potassium permanganate: This is incorrect because ferrous sulphate acts as a reducing agent, not an oxidising agent, in this reaction. S49. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: Ratio = 2 : 3 : 4 Sum of their ages = 108 Solution: Let their ages be 2x, 3x and 4x According to the question, Sum of ages is 108 33 So, 2x + 3x + 4x = 108 9x = 108 x = 12 Their ages are 2x = 24, 3x = 36 4x = 48 Required ratio of ages after 12 years = 24 + 12 : 36 + 12 : 48 + 12 = 36 : 48 : 60 =3:4:5 S50. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Margaret Thatcher. Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1979. She served as the Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 and was the leader of the Conservative Party. Thatcher was known for her strong conservative policies and economic reforms, which earned her the nickname "The Iron Lady." Information Booster: Great Britain (commonly shortened to Britain) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland and Wales. S51. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Sodium chloride. Sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, is used in the preparation of several important compounds such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃), and washing soda (sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃). The process to produce these compounds involves electrolysis of sodium chloride solution to produce sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas, followed by various chemical reactions to form baking soda and washing soda. Information Booster: Sodium carbonate: This is commonly known as washing soda and is itself a product of sodium chloride via the Solvay process. Magnesium chloride: This salt is not used in the preparation of sodium hydroxide, baking soda, or washing soda. It is primarily used in the production of magnesium metal and as a de-icing agent. Potassium chloride: This salt is used primarily in fertilizers and in the production of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, but not in the production of sodium compounds. S52. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: The population of the village = 18000 The population of the village after increase = 22500 Formula used: Increase population − Initial populatioin Increase percentage = × 100 Initial populatioin Solution: The population of the village increased by = 22500 – 18000 = 4500 22500−18000 Required % = × 100 18000 4500 = 180 = 25% ∴ The increase percentage is 25% 34 S53. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Plasma. Plasma is a state of matter consisting of super energetic and super excited particles. It is often referred to as the fourth state of matter, distinct from solids, liquids, and gases. In a plasma, the energy is so high that electrons are stripped away from atoms, resulting in a collection of ions and free electrons. Plasmas are found naturally in stars, including the sun, where the temperatures are extremely high. They can also be created artificially in devices such as neon signs and plasma televisions, as well as in fusion reactors. Information Booster: Liquid: In a liquid state, particles are less energetic than in gases and plasmas but more energetic than in solids. They have a definite volume but no definite shape, conforming to the shape of their container. Gas: In a gaseous state, particles are more energetic and move more freely than in liquids and solids. They have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, filling any container they are placed in. Solid: In a solid state, particles have the least amount of energy compared to liquids, gases, and plasmas. They are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement, giving solids a definite shape and volume. S54. Ans. (a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Goitre. Goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland which can be caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine-131 is a radioactive isotope of iodine commonly used in the treatment of thyroid-related diseases, including goitre and thyroid cancer. The isotope works by being absorbed by the thyroid gland, where it emits radiation to reduce the size of the thyroid tissue or to destroy overactive thyroid cells. This form of treatment is known as radioactive iodine therapy and is effective in treating hyperthyroidism and certain types of thyroid cancer. Information Booster: Scurvy: Caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, leading to symptoms such as anemia, debility, exhaustion, spontaneous bleeding, pain in the limbs, and especially the legs, swelling in some parts of the body, and sometimes ulceration of the gums and loss of teeth. Nyctalopia: Also known as night blindness, this condition is often due to a deficiency in vitamin A, which is necessary for the maintenance of healthy vision. Rickets: A bone disease in children that results from a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. It leads to softening and weakening of the bones, causing deformities. S55. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: LCM is 2400, HCF is 16. one number is 480 Formula Used: First number × Second number = LCM × HCF Calculation: Using the formula, ⇒ 480 × Second number = 2400 × 16 2400 × 16 ⇒ Second number = 480 Therefore, the second number is 80. 35 S56. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: Batsman, Ball, Cricket, Stump Calculation: To determine the figure that best represents the relationship among the classes "Batsman," "Ball," "Cricket," and "Stump," let's analyze their relationships: Cricket is the sport that encompasses all the other items. I. Batsman is a player in the sport of cricket. II. Ball is an equipment used in the sport of cricket. III. Stump is also an equipment used in the sport of cricket. Given these relationships: I. "Cricket" is the overarching category that includes "Batsman," "Ball," and "Stump." II. "Batsman," "Ball," and "Stump" are distinct entities within the sport of cricket. The Venn diagram that best represents this relationship would have: S57. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Adrenal. The adrenal glands are responsible for producing hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress, and other essential functions. One of the critical hormones produced by the adrenal glands is adrenaline (epinephrine), which is vital in the fight-or-flight response. Adrenaline increases heart rate, expands air passages of the lungs, enlarges the pupil in the eye, and redistributes blood to the muscles, all of which prepare the body for rapid physical action. Information Booster: Pineal: The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland in the brain that produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles. Pancreas: The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions, producing insulin and glucagon for blood sugar regulation and digestive enzymes for nutrient absorption. Thyroid: The thyroid gland produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. S58. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Both poor conductors of electricity and do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. Carbon compounds, particularly organic compounds, are generally poor conductors of electricity. This is because they lack free-moving charged particles, which are necessary for electrical conduction. Most carbon compounds have covalent bonding, resulting in molecules that do not exhibit strong intermolecular forces. This is particularly true for simple molecular compounds, which tend to have weak Van der Waals forces between molecules. Due to these weak intermolecular forces, carbon compounds usually have low melting and boiling points. 36 Information Booster: Good conductors of electricity: This statement is incorrect for most carbon compounds. Only certain forms of carbon, like graphite, can conduct electricity due to the presence of delocalized electrons. Poor conductors of electricity: This is correct for most carbon compounds as they do not have free ions or electrons to conduct electricity. Do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules: This is generally true for many simple carbon compounds, especially those with small molecular structures. S59. Ans. (a) Sol. Given: 𝑥 = 100 𝑦 = 99 Formula Used: 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) Calculation: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑥3 − 𝑦3 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2+𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥−𝑦)(𝑥 2+𝑥𝑦 +𝑦 2) 1 = (𝑥−𝑦) Putting the value of x and y 1 = (100−99) 1 =1 =1 S60. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Yeast. Yeast is a key ingredient in making bread fluffy. It is a microorganism that ferments the sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide gas and ethanol. The carbon dioxide gas gets trapped in the dough's gluten network, causing the dough to rise and expand. During baking, the heat causes the gas bubbles to expand further, and the dough solidifies around them, resulting in a light and fluffy bread texture. Yeast also contributes to the flavor and aroma of the bread through the fermentation process. S61. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: Srinivas = 15 days. Ramesh = 9 days With the help of Ravi = 3 days. Calculation: Let Ravi can do job in x days. 1 Job done by Srinivas in one day = 15 37 1 Job done by Ramesh in one day = 9 1 Job done by Ravi in one day = 𝑥 As per the question, 1 1 1 1 + + = 15 9 𝑥 3 1 1 1 1 = − − 𝑥 3 15 9 1 15 − 3 − 5 = 𝑥 45 1 7 = 𝑥 45 45 𝑥= 7 3 𝑥= 6 7 3 Thus, Ravi can complete job in 6 7 days. S62. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: P = 9 days Q is 50% more efficient than p Calculation: Let efficiency of P be 2 unit/day 150 Therefore, the efficiency of Q = 2 × 100 = 3 units/day Total work = 9 × 2 = 18 units 18 So, Q alone can complete the whole work in = = 6 days. 3 S63. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: 𝑥 = 𝑎 sec θ + 𝑏 tan θ 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan θ + b sec θ Formula (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab sec2 θ - tan2 θ = 1 Calculation x2 – y2 = (a sec θ + b tan θ)2 - (a tan θ + b sec θ)2 = a2 sec2 θ + b2 tan2 θ + 2ab sec θ tan θ – (a2 tan2 θ + b2 sec2 θ + 2ab tan θ sec θ) = a2 sec2 θ + b2 tan2 θ + 2ab sec θ tan θ – a2 tan2 θ - b2 sec2 θ - 2ab tan θ sec θ = a2 sec2 θ + b2 tan2 θ – a2 tan2 θ – b2 sec2 θ = a2 (sec2 θ – tan2 θ) - b2 (sec2 θ - tan2 θ) = a2 – b2 38 S64. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) No unit. Relative density (also known as specific gravity) is a ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance (usually water for liquids and solids, air for gases). Since it is a ratio of two densities, the units of density cancel out, making relative density a dimensionless quantity. Therefore, relative density has no units. Information Booster: kg m3: This is incorrect. kg m3 is not a unit of density; it should be kg/m3 for density. kg m-3: This is incorrect. This is the unit of density (kilograms per cubic meter), not relative density. m3: This is incorrect. Cubic meters (m3) is a unit of volume, not density or relative density. S65. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: sin A = ½ A and B are complementary angles. Formula sin(A - B) = sinA. cosB – cosA.sinB Calculation: As per the question, AC = √𝐴𝐵2 − 𝐵𝐶 2 AC = √22 − 12 AC = √4 − 1 AC = √3 sin(A - B) = sinA. cosB – cosA.sinB 1 1 1 √3 sin(A - B) = 2 × 2 − × √3 2 1 sin(A - B) = 1 − 2 1 sin(A - B) = 2 S66. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: Arjun : Bharath is 1 : 2 Bharath : Chandru is 3 : 4 39 Calculation: According to the given information, Ratio of runs scored by Arjun and Bharath is 1 : 2 Ratio of runs scored by Bharath and Chandru is 3 : 4 Arjun: Bharath = (1: 2) × 3 = 3 : 6 Bharath: Chandru = (3: 4) × 2 = 6 : 8 Bharath is common in both ratio. Thus, the ation of runs scored by Arjun, Bharath and Chandru is 3: 6 :8 Let the runs scored be 3x, 6x and 8x Total runs = 204 3x + 6x + 8x = 204 17x = 204 x = 12 Runs scored by Chandru = 8x = 96 Runs scored by Arjun = 3x = 36 Difference = 96 – 36 = 60 Chandru scored 60 runs more than Arjun. S67. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: SI = 8400 CI = 8652 Time = 2 years R=? Calculation: CI - SI = 8652 – 8400 = 252 Simple interest for 2 years = 8400 8400 Thus, SI for 1 year = 2 = 4200 This interest is offered on interest of 1st year 252 ∴ Rate of interest = 4200 × 100 = 6% S68. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: Area = 120 m2 perimeter = 46 m Formula used: Let the length of the rectangle be l breadth of the rectangle be b Area of rectangle = l × b Perimeter of rectangle = 2(l + b) length of diagonal of rectangle (D) = √𝑙 2 + 𝑏2 Calculations: As per the question, Perimeter of rectangle = 2(l + b) 2(l + b) = 46 l + b = 23 ----(i) 40 Area of rectangle = l × b l × b = 120 120 l= 𝑏 Putting the value of l in eq. (i), 120 ( ) + b = 23 𝑏 ⇒ 120 + b2 = 23b ⇒ b2 - 23b + 120 = 0 ⇒ b2 – 8b – 15b + 120 = 0 ⇒ b(b – 8) – 15(b – 8) = 0 ⇒ (b - 8)(b - 15) = 0 ⇒ b = 8, 15 Let b = 8 m, Then l = 23 - 8 = 15 m Length of diagonal, (D) = √𝑙 2 + 𝑏2 D = √152 + 82 D = √225 + 64 D = √289 D = 17 S69. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: √6 + √6 + √6 + √6 + ⋯ Calculations: Let x = √6 + √6 + √6 + √6 + ⋯ x = √6 + 𝑥 On squiring both side- 2 𝑥 2 = (√6 + 𝑥) 𝑥2 = 6 + 𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑥 (𝑥 − 3) + 2(𝑥 − 3) = 0 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) = 0 x = 3, -2 S70. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Fluorine. Fluorine is the most reactive element among the halogens and indeed among all elements. Its high reactivity is due to its small atomic size and the high electronegativity, which make it extremely efficient at attracting electrons from other elements to form bonds. Fluorine reacts with almost all organic and inorganic substances, including metals, non-metals, and noble gases under certain conditions. It forms compounds such as hydrogen fluoride (HF), which is a highly reactive and corrosive acid. 41 Information Booster: Chlorine: Chlorine is also highly reactive but less so than fluorine. It is widely used in disinfecting water and in the production of various chemicals. Bromine: Bromine is less reactive than chlorine and fluorine. It is used in flame retardants and certain types of medication. Iodine: Iodine is the least reactive among the given halogens. It is essential in the human diet for thyroid function and is used as a disinfectant and in medical imaging. S71. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Dehradun. The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. Established in 1982, WII is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The institute provides training, research, and advisory services in wildlife conservation and management. WII conducts various courses and training programs for wildlife managers and researchers from India and abroad. S72. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: 3 Number of students who do not know either Hind or English = 4 1 Number of students who do not know English= 6 1 Number of students who do not know Hindi = 8 Calculations: 3 1 Number of students who know either Hindi or English = 1 –4 = 4 1 1 7 Total number of students who know English and Hindi = 6 + = 8 24 7 1 7−6 1 Number of students who know both English and Hindi = 24 − = = 4 24 24 S73. Ans. (a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Convex. Convex lenses are used to correct hypermetropia, also known as farsightedness. This condition occurs when the light entering the eye focuses behind the retina instead of directly on it, making nearby objects appear blurry. A convex lens converges the light rays before they enter the eye, allowing them to focus directly on the retina, thereby correcting the vision. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges, and they help in converging the diverging light rays from near objects. Information Booster: Progressive lenses: These are multifocal lenses that provide a smooth transition between different focal lengths, typically used to correct presbyopia, which affects near and intermediate vision. Concave lenses: Concave lenses are used to correct myopia or nearsightedness. They diverge light rays before they enter the eye, allowing distant objects to be focused on the retina. Bifocal lenses: Bifocal lenses contain two different optical powers in one lens, typically used to correct both near and distant vision issues simultaneously, commonly in people with presbyopia. 42 S74. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: 7776, (…), 216, 36, 6 Identification of logic: Second term is = 7776 ÷ 6 = 1296 third number = 1296 ÷ 6 = 216 we can say difference is consecutive is ÷ 6 logic: difference is ÷ 6, ÷ 6, …….. application of logic: forth number = 216 ÷ 6 = 36 similarly, 7776 ÷ 6 = 1296 1296 ÷ 6 = 216 216 ÷ 6 = 36 36 ÷ 6 = 6 finally, we got the missing number is 1296. S75. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: Concept: The pattern followed is, Column wise: (First Number × 2 + Second Number × 2 + 1 = Third Number) Calculation: For row 1: 7 × 2 + 2 × 2 + 1 = 14 + 4 + 1 = 19 For row 3: 3 × 2 + 5 × 2 + 1 = 6 + 10 + 1 = 17 Similarly, For row 2: 6 × 2 + 1 × 2 + 1 = 12 + 2 + 1 = 15 Therefore, the correct answer is 15. S76. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Joint. Rheumatism is a general term for conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints and connective tissue. It encompasses various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and lupus, all primarily impacting joints. Symptoms often include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, which can lead to reduced function and mobility. Effective management of rheumatism may involve medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgical interventions to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. 43 Information Booster: Heart: Rheumatism can sometimes affect the heart, particularly in the case of rheumatic fever, which can lead to rheumatic heart disease. However, the primary impact is on the joints. Neck: While neck pain can be a symptom of certain types of arthritis, rheumatism generally affects larger joints in the body. Head: Rheumatism does not typically affect the head. Headaches or head-related symptoms are more often associated with other medical conditions. Joint: Rheumatism primarily affects the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness, and is managed through a combination of treatments tailored to individual needs S77. Ans. (d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Prithvi. The Dhanush missile is a naval variant of the Prithvi missile, which is a surface-to-surface short- range ballistic missile developed by India. It is designed for deployment on naval ships and has the capability to carry both conventional and nuclear warheads. Dhanush can be launched from a ship to strike both sea-based and land-based targets, enhancing India's strategic maritime capabilities. It has a range of about 350 km and can carry a payload of up to 500 kg. Information Booster: Akash: Akash is a medium-range mobile surface-to-air missile system. It is designed to target aircraft, helicopters, drones, and other aerial threats. Agni: Agni is a series of long-range ballistic missiles developed by India. These are primarily designed for strategic nuclear deterrence and can carry nuclear warheads over long distances. Nag: Nag is an anti-tank guided missile developed by India. It is designed to target and destroy enemy tanks and other armored vehicles. Prithvi: Prithvi is a family of tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missiles developed by India, with Dhanush being its naval variant designed for maritime use. S78. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: Rahim walked in the west = 5 km Rahim walked in the south = 2 km Rahim walked in the east = 7 km Calculation: As per the question following path diagram can be drawn- From the above diagram Rahim is south east direction form his starting point. 44 S79. Ans. (a) Sol. Given: Boy walks east direction = 2 km Boy walks north direction = 2.5 km He walks east direction = 1.5 km. Calculation: As per the question following path diagram can be drawn- Distance = AE = 2 + 1.5 = 3.5 DE = 2.5 AD = √(𝐴𝐸)2 + (𝐸𝐷)2 AD = √(3.5)2 + (2.5)2 AD = √12.25 + 6.25 AD = √18.50 AD ≈4.3011 S80. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: 687 + 509 = 560897 Identification: Identify the logic in each digit in the Number: 687 + 509 = 560897 1st palace → 2nd place 2nd place → 4th place 3rd place → 6th place after + 1st place → 1st place 2nd place → 3rd place 3rd place → 5th place Trick to solve: similarly, Thus, 619 + 703 = 760139 45 S81. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: Monthly Profit = 7000. Calculation: Let money invested by R be Rs. 8 1 So, money invested by Q = 8 × 2 = 4 1 Money invested by P = 4 × 2 = 2 Profit ratio of P, Q and R = 8 : 4 : 2 = 4 : 2 : 1 Total = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 unit as per the question, 7 unit = Rs. 7000 7000 1 unit = = 1000 7 Share of R = 4 unit = 4 × 1000 = Rs. 4000 S82. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: sin A = cos B A and B are acute angle. sinA = cos(90 – A) Calculation: sin A = cos B cos(90 – A) = cos B 90 – A = B A + B = 90 S83. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Carbon-12. Carbon-12 (C-12) is the isotope chosen as the standard reference for measuring atomic masses. In 1961, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) adopted carbon-12 as the standard reference, setting its atomic mass at exactly 12 atomic mass units (amu). This choice was made because carbon-12 is a stable and abundant isotope, making it practical for use in scientific calculations and measurements. The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom, which simplifies the comparison of atomic masses across different elements. Information Booster: Carbon-11: Carbon-11 is a radioactive isotope of carbon used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans for medical imaging. It has a short half-life of about 20 minutes. Carbon-12: Carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon, making up about 98.9% of all carbon on Earth. It is used as the standard reference for atomic masses. Carbon-14: Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon used in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of archaeological and geological samples. It has a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon-13: Carbon-13 is a stable isotope of carbon used in various scientific applications, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It makes up about 1.1% of all carbon. 46 S84. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Food items. Aluminium foil is widely used for wrapping food items due to its excellent properties such as being non-toxic, odorless, and impermeable to moisture, light, and bacteria. This helps in preserving the freshness, flavor, and aroma of the food. The foil is also highly malleable, making it easy to wrap around various shapes and sizes of food items, providing a tight seal that prevents contamination and spoilage. Additionally, aluminium foil can withstand high temperatures, making it suitable for both cooking and storing food. Information Booster: Plastic: While plastic wrap is also used for food storage, it is not as effective as aluminium foil in terms of heat resistance and impermeability to air and moisture. Wires: Aluminium is used for electrical wiring due to its conductivity, but aluminium foil specifically is not typically used for this purpose. Instead, aluminium wires or cables are used. Cloth: Aluminium foil is not used for wrapping cloth. However, aluminium-coated fabrics can be used in certain applications like thermal blankets or fire-resistant clothing, but this is different from the foil used for wrapping food. S85. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: All students are girls. No girl is beautiful. Conclusion I: Some students are beautiful. (False, no definite relation is given between them so we cannot say anything about their relation) Conclusion II: No student is beautiful. (True, the relation is given between them so we can consider there is no relation.) So, Only conclusion II follows. 47 S86. Ans. (a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) R.B.C. Red Blood Cells (R.B.C.s), also known as erythrocytes, are the primary cells in the blood responsible for transporting oxygen. R.B.C.s contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues throughout the body. The structure of R.B.C.s, being biconcave and flexible, allows them to travel efficiently through the circulatory system and deliver oxygen to all body cells. Information Booster: R.B.C. and hormone: Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various functions in the body, but they do not transport oxygen. R.B.C and W.B.C.: White Blood Cells (W.B.C.s) are involved in the immune response and do not transport oxygen. They protect the body against infections and foreign invaders. W.B.C.: White Blood Cells (W.B.C.s) are not involved in oxygen transport; their primary role is in immune defense. S87. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Sour. Acids are characterized by their sour taste, which is a common property of all acidic substances. This sourness is due to the presence of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution. Common examples of substances with a sour taste due to their acidic nature include lemon juice (citric acid) and vinegar (acetic acid). Information Booster Salty: This taste is typically associated with substances containing sodium ions, such as table salt (sodium chloride), not acids. Sweet: This taste is associated with sugars and certain amino acids, not with acids. Bitter: This taste is typically found in substances like alkaloids (e.g., caffeine, quinine) and some bases, not acids. S88. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Jahangir. Jahangir was the fourth Mughal emperor, whose birth name was Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim. He ascended the throne after the death of his father, Emperor Akbar, in 1605. Jahangir ruled from 1605 to 1627 and is well known for his administration and the establishment of a golden era of Mughal painting. His reign saw the flourishing of arts and culture, and he continued many of the policies and practices introduced by his father, Akbar. Information Booster: Shah Jahan: Born as Prince Khurram, Shah Jahan was the fifth Mughal emperor, best known for commissioning the Taj Mahal, a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. He reigned from 1628 to 1658. Akbar: Akbar, also known as Akbar the Great, was the third Mughal emperor and one of the most renowned rulers in Indian history. He reigned from 1556 to 1605 and is famous for his policy of religious tolerance and efforts to integrate the diverse peoples of his empire. Aurangzeb: Aurangzeb, also known as Alamgir, was the sixth Mughal emperor who ruled from 1658 to 1707. He is known for his orthodox Islamic policies and expansion of the empire to its greatest territorial extent. 48 S89. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Chess. Chess is played on a square board divided into 64 smaller squares, arranged in an 8x8 grid. The squares are alternately colored in a black-and-white pattern. Each player starts with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The objective of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, meaning the king is in a position to be captured ("in check") and there is no legal move for the king to escape. Information Booster: Scrabble: This is a word game played on a board divided into a 15x15 grid of cells, not 64 black- and-white squares. Chinese Checkers: This game is played on a hexagonal board with 121 holes, not a black-and- white grid. Ludo: This is a board game for two to four players, played on a board divided into four colored quadrants, not 64 black-and-white squares. S90. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: Side of cube = 6 cm. Formula used: Volume of cube = a3 2 Volume of hemisphere = 3 π𝑟 3 Calculation: Side of cube a = 6 cm 6 Radius of hemisphere r = 2 = 3 cm Volume of cube = a3 = 63 = 216 cm3 2 Volume of hemisphere = 3 π𝑟 3 2 = 3 π33 2 × π × 27 3 2×π×9 18π Therefore, the remaining volume = 216 – 18π cm3 S91. Ans. (c) Sol. In the given option (c) there is a 2 hollow rectangle and one filled rectangle but in the other option only one filled rectangle is present. S92. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Supersonic. Bullets fired from most firearms travel at supersonic speeds, meaning they move faster than the speed of sound in air (approximately 343 meters per second or 1,125 feet per second at sea level). Supersonic bullets create a sonic boom as they break the sound barrier, which is often heard as a sharp crack or snap. The actual speed of a bullet can vary depending on the type of firearm and ammunition, but many rifle bullets, for example, can travel at speeds exceeding 1,000 meters per second (over 3,280 feet per second). 49 Information Booster: Infrasonic: Infrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies below the audible range for humans, not related to speed. Hyposonic: This term is not commonly used in the context of speed and does not accurately describe the speed of bullets. Subsonic: Subsonic refers to speeds below the speed of sound. While some bullets, particularly those designed for suppressed firearms, may be subsonic, most conventional bullets travel at supersonic speeds. S93. Ans. (d) Sol. Given: CP of cardboard = 18000 Transportation charge = 5000 Labour charge = 2000 Total box = 500 SP per box = Rs. 60. formula used: 𝑆𝑃−𝐶𝑃 Profit percent = × 100 𝐶𝑃 Calculation: Final cost price of the cardboard = 18000 + 5000 + 2000 = 25000 25000 Cp of the 1 box = = 50 500 SP of the 1 box = Rs. 60 60−50 Required profit percent = × 100 50 10 = × 100 50 = 20% S94. Ans. (b) Sol. Given: Speed of Ram = 12 km/h Speed of Gopi in still water = 10 km/h Speed of flow = 4 km/h formula used: 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 Speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 2𝑥𝑦 Average speed =𝑥+𝑦 Calculation: Uniform speed of Ram = 12 km/h Upstream of Gopi = 10 – 4 = 6 km/h Downstream of Gopi = 10 + 4 = 14 km/s 2×6×14 Average speed of Gopi = 6+14 2×6×14 = 20 84 = 10 = 8.4 km/h 50 Thus, Ram return to A first. S95. Ans.(d) Sol. The refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium, denoted as n 21, is given by the ratio of the speed of light in the first medium (v1) to the speed of light in the second medium (v2). Formula: n21 = v1/v2 Explanation: - The refractive index n21 is a measure of how much the light bends when it passes from the first medium into the second medium. - It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in the first medium (v1) to the speed of light in the second medium (v2). S96. Ans. (c) Sol. Given: 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, (…), 123, 199 Identification of logic: Starting with the third number of the series, each number is the sum of the preceding two numbers. third term = second term + first term = 7 + 4 = 11 logic: difference is Sum of preceding two number. application of logic: forth number = 11 + 7 = 18 similarly, 18 + 11 = 29 29 + 18 = 47 47 + 29 = 76 76 + 47 = 123 123 + 76 = 199 finally, we got the missing number is 76. S97. Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Kanchenjunga. Kanchenjunga, standing at 8,586 meters (28,169 feet), is the highest mountain peak in India and the third highest in the world. It is located in the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim. The mountain has five peaks, and its name translates to "The Five Treasures of Snows," representing the five repositories of God, which are gold, silver, gems, grain, and holy books. Kanchenjunga was first climbed on May 25, 1955, by Joe Brown and George Band of a British expedition. Information Booster: Nanda Devi: Nanda Devi is the second highest peak in India, with an elevation of 7,816 meters (25,643 feet). It is part of the Garhwal Himalayas in the state of Uttarakhand. Anamudi: Anamudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India, with an elevation of 2,695 meters (8,842 feet). It is located in the Indian state of Kerala. Kamet: Kamet is the second highest peak in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India, with an elevation of 7,756 meters (25,446 feet). It is part of the Zanskar Range. 51 S98. Ans. (a) Sol. Given: Statement: "Company ABC has marketed the product. Go ahead, purchase it if price and quality are your considerations." Conclusions: I. The product must be good in quality. II. The price of the product must be reasonable. The statement suggests that the product marketed by Company ABC should be considered for purchase if the buyer is concerned with both price and quality. The implication here is that Company ABC's product meets certain standards of quality and price that would satisfy a buyer concerned with these factors. Analysis of Conclusions: Conclusion I: The product must be good in quality. The statement suggests purchasing the product if quality is a consideration, implying that the product likely has good quality. This conclusion logically follows from the statement. Conclusion II: The price of the product must be reasonable. Similarly, the statement suggests purchasing the product if price is a consideration, implying that the product's price is reasonable. This conclusion also logically follows from the statement. Final Evaluation: Both conclusions are implied by the statement because the statement addresses both price and quality as considerations for purchasing the product. Thus, the answer is both conclusions I and II follows. S99. Ans. (b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) The ear. The 'hammer', 'anvil', and 'stirrup' are common names for the three tiny bones in the middle ear known as the ossicles. Their scientific names are malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). These bones are crucial for hearing as they transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The malleus connects to the eardrum, and the vibrations travel through the incus and then to the stapes, which passes them to the cochlea in the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest bone in the human body. Information Booster: The vertebral column: The vertebral column, or spine, consists of 33 vertebrae that protect the spinal cord and support the body's structure. The ear: The ear contains the ossicles, which are vital for hearing. It also includes other parts like the outer ear (pinna and ear canal), the inner ear (cochlea and vestibular system), and the middle ear (eardrum and ossicles). The elbow: The elbow joint connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to the forearm bones (radius and ulna). It does not contain the hammer, anvil, or stirrup bones. Ribcage: The ribcage is composed of 24 ribs, which protect the heart and lungs. It does not include the hammer, anvil, or stirrup bones. 52 S100. Ans. (a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Article 29. Article 29 of the Indian Constitution provides for the protection of the interests of minorities. It ensures that any section of citizens with a distinct language, script, or culture has the right to conserve the same. Article 29(1) specifically protects the rights of any section of the citizens residing in any part of India to conserve their culture, language, or script. Article 29(2) prohibits discrimination against any citizen for admission into any educational institution maintained by the state or receiving state aid on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language, or any of them. Information Booster: Article 30: This article grants minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. It ensures that minorities have the autonomy to preserve their culture and educate their community. Article 27: This article prohibits the state from compelling any individual to pay taxes for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious denomination. Article 26: This article grants every religious denomination or any section thereof the right to manage its own affairs in matters of religion, establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes, and manage its own property in accordance with law. 53

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