ROTC FINALS PDF

VIPs 10. THE SALUTE MUST BE RENDER MILITARY SECRECY COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF: PRESIDENT TO THE SUPERIOR OFFICER BY SIR, WHAT I SEE, WHAT HEAR, WHAT I FERDINAND R MARCOS JR...

VIPs 10. THE SALUTE MUST BE RENDER MILITARY SECRECY COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF: PRESIDENT TO THE SUPERIOR OFFICER BY SIR, WHAT I SEE, WHAT HEAR, WHAT I FERDINAND R MARCOS JR THE MOST SENIOR FROM THE FEEL, WHAT I DID, WHEN I LEAVE, I SALUTING PARTY. SECRETARY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE: LEAVE IT HERE AND NEVER SQUEAL, 11. GREET AND SALUTE ALL GILBERT C TEODORO JR SIR. OFFICERS AND SAY, “SIR, GOOD CHIEF OF STAFF: GEN ROMEO S MORNING/ GOOD AFTERNOON/ RIFLE CODE BRAWNER JR, PA GOOD EVENING, SIR”. SIR, THIS IS MY RIFLE, THIS IS MY FLAG OFFICER IN COMMAND: VADM 12. WHEN IN DOUBT, SALUTE. WIFE, THIS IS MY BLOOD, NO ONE CAN TORIBIO D ADACI JR 13. ALWAYS GREET ALL FACULTY TAKE THIS AWAY FROM ME, THIS IS MY PLV PRESIDENT: DR NEDEÑA C AND PERSONNEL OF THE RIFLE, SIR. TORRALBA UNIVERSITY. 14. OBEY, OBEY, AND NEVER GOLDEN RULE PLV VICE PRESIDENT FOR PLANNING COMPLAIN. THEY WILL NEVER DO 1. THE UPPERCLASSMAN IS AND FINANCE: DR JOHN A CABADDU ANYTHING THAT WILL HARM YOU. ALWAYS RIGHT. PLV VICE PRESIDENT FOR ACADEMIC GENERAL MILITARY ORDERS 2. IF THE UPPERCLASSMAN IS AFFAIRS: DR NELDA GENE C MARIANO WRONG, GO BACK TO THE 1. TO TAKE CHARGE OF THIS PLV NSTP DIRECTOR: MR ROMULO T POST AND ALL GOVERNMENT GOLDEN RULE NUMBER ONE. ROMO PROPERTY IN VIEW. UNITY PLEDGE PLV NROTC COORDINATOR: MR 2. TO WALK IN A MILITARY SIR, I AM ONE BUT I AM NOT ALONE, KENNETH L. ANTONIO MANNER, KEEPING ALWAYS ON BUT STILL I AM ONE, I CAN’T DO THE ALERT, AND OBSERVING PLEBE KNOWLEDGE EVERYTHING WITHIN SIGHT OR EVERYTHING, BUT STILL I CAN DO WHAT ART THOU HEARING. SOMETHING. WHAT I CAN DO, I OUGHT TO DO, AND WHAT I OUGHT TO DO BY SIR/MA’AM, I AM CADET PRIVATE JUAN 3. TO REPORT ALL VIOLATIONS THE GRACE OF GOD I WILL DO, SIR. DELA CRUZ 4TH/3RD/2ND/1ST CLASS OF ORDERS I AM INSTRUCTED TO ENFORCE. HONOR CODE FROM PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG 4. TO REPEAT ALL CALLS FROM VALENZUELA ROTC UNIT, SIR/MA’AM. SIR, WE THECADETS, DO NOT LIE, POST MORE DISTANT FROM CHEAT, STEAL, NOR TOLERATE WHO ART THOU THE GUARD HOUSE THAN MY AMONG US THOSE WHO DO, SIR. OWN. SIR/MA’AM, I AM A COCC. 5. TO QUIT MY POST ONLY WHEN LOYALTY PLEDGE I AM HERE NOT BECAUSE OF PROPERLY RELIEVED. IF YOU WORK FOR A MAN IN HEAVEN’S DICTATION OF OTHERS BUT IN MY 6. TO RECEIVE, OBEY, AND PASS NAME, WORK FOR HIM, SPEAK WELL OWN SELF. I UNDERSTAND THE ON TO THE SENTRY WHO OF HIM, AND STAND BY THE WORD OF COCC. RELIEVES ALL ORDERS FROM INSTITUTION THAT HE REPRESENTS. IF ANY OF MY BATCHMATES THE COMMANDING OFFICER, REMEMBER, AN OUNCE OF LOYALTY ENCOURAGE ME TO QUIT I WILL NOT FIELD OFFICER, FIELD OFFICER IS WORTH A POUND OF CLEVERNESS, LISTEN TO THEM, INSTEAD I WILL OF THE DAY, AND PETTY IF YOU MUST GROWL, CONDEMN, AND CONSIDER THEM COWARD HAVING MY OFFICER OF THE WATCH. ETERNALLY FIND FAULT, WHY? BALLS. 7. TO TALK TO NO ONE EXCEPT IN RESIGN YOUR POSITION! AND WHEN THE LINE OF DUTY. YOU ARE ON THE OUTSIDE, DAMN TO STANDARD OPERATING 8. TO GIVE THE ALARM INCASE OF PROCEDURES (SOP) YOUR HEART’S CONTENT. BUT AS FIRE OR DISORDER. LONG AS YOU ARE PART OF THE 1. WHEN TALKING TO A SUPERIOR 9. TO CALL THE PETTY OFFICER INSTITUTION, DO NOT CONDEMN IT, OFFICER ALWAYS STAND AT OF THE WATCH IN ANY CASE FOR IF YOU DO, THE FIRST HIGH WIND ATTENTION. NOT COVERED BY THAT COME ALONG WILL BLOW YOU 2. WHEN STANDING AT ATTENTION INSTRIUCTION. AWAY, AND PROBABLY YOU WILL ALWAYS LOOK 5,000 MILES AWAY, 10. TO SALUTE AND GREET ALL NEVER KNOW WHY. TOES ARE 45 DEGREES APART, OFFICERS AND ALL COLORS HANDS BANANA IN PIN, TIGER LOOK, AND STANDARDS NOT CASED. HANDS ON THE SIDE, STOMACH IN, 11. TO BE ESPECIALLY WATCHFUL CHEST OUT. AT NIGHT AND DURING THE 3. ALWAYS BEGIN AND END YOUR TIME OF CHALLENGING, TO STATEMENT WITH A MA’AM/SIR. CHALLENGE ALL PERSONS ON 4. ALWAYS MOVE ON THE DOUBLE. OR NEAR MY POST, AND TO 5. ALWAYS REPORT FIFTEEN (15) ALLOW NO ONE TO PASS MINUTES BEFORE THE DESIGNATED WITHOUT PROPER AUTHORITY. TIME. MILITARY DICIPLINE 6. WHEN LATE, DO THIRTY (30) PUSH 1. OBEY AND OBER BEFORE YOU UP AND SAY “SIR, I’LL NEVER BE LATE, COMPLAIN. SIR”. 2. BUDDY IS MY BUDDY. 7. WHEN THE PUNISHMENT HAS BEEN EXECUTED, SAY, “SIR, I’LL BE 3. THE FAULT OF ONE IS THE FAULT MORE DISCIPLINED, SIR”. OF ALL. 8. WHEN WALKING WITH A 4. IF IT IS NOT GOOD FOR THE SUPERIOR OFFICER, ALWAYS GROUP, I WILL NOT SACRIFICE OCCUPY THE LEFT SIDE, REMEMBER MYSELF. THAT THE PLACE OF HONOR IS AT THE RIGHT SIDE. 5. MUST BE STABLE UNDER 9. WHEN WALKING IN CORRIDORS, PRESSURE. ALWAYS STICK TO THE WALL. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. 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Patriotism.  GENERAL TINIO TITLE OF THE MAP AND IS NAMED AFTER THE LARGEST GEOGRAPHICAL AREA PRESENTED GENERAL TINIO  SHEET 7273 IV used as a reference number for the map sheet 7273 IV PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES  1:50,000 A representative fraction that gives the ratio of a map distance to the corresponding distance on the earth's surface. 1:50,000  SERIES S701 It is a sequence reference expressed either as a four-digit numeral (1501) or as a letter, followed by a three- or four-digit numeral (S711, S701, etc). In the regional grouping of allied mapping projects, our map series was designated “S”. SERIES S701 MARGINAL INFORMATION Example: S701 S - is for World Series 7 - is for Scale of the map as follows; 8 - 1:25,000 7 - 1:50,000 6 - 1:100,000 0 - is for Sub Geographical area as follows: 0 - Philippines 1 - Luzon 2 - Visayas 3 - Panay 4 - Sulu 5 - Mindanao  EDITION 3-AFPMAC Editions are numbered consecutively; the highest numbered sheet is the most recent. EDITION 3-AFPMAC Is a miniature of the map that shows the boundaries A area, such as provincial that occur within the map and city boundaries. PHILIPPINES A. PROVINCE OF NUEVA ECIJA B. PROVINCE OF BULACAN B The diagram usually contains nine 7174 II 7274 III 7274 II rectangles that represents the adjoining sheets 7173 I 7273 IV 7273 I surrounding your map. All represented sheets 7173 II 7273 III 7273 II are identified by their sheet numbers. Indicates the angular relationships of true north, grid north & magnetic north Are rulers used to convert map distance to ground distance It states the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines of the map CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 METERS SUPPLEMENTARY CONTOUR 5 AND 10 METERS Spheriods (ellipsoids) have specific parameters that define the X Y Z axis of the earth. The spheriod is an integral part of the datum. SPHEROID -------------------CLARKE 1866 GRID ---------------------------------- - 1,000 M UTM ZONE 51 PROJECTION ------------------TRANSVERSE MERCATOR VERTICAL DATUM ---------------------- MEAN SEA LEVEL HORIZONTAL DATUM --------------------- LUZON DATUM CONTROL BY ------------------------------------NOS AND CE PRINTED BY--------------------------- -MIG 18, ISAFP (2004) Gives information pertaining to the grid system used and the interval between grid lines, and it identifies the UTM grid zone number. SPHEROID ------------------------------------------------CLARKE GRID -------------- 1,000 M UTM ZONE 51 PROJECTION ------------------TRANSVERSE MERCATOR VERTICAL DATUM ---------------------- MEAN SEA LEVEL HORIZONTAL DATUM --------------------- LUZON DATUM CONTROL BY ------------------------------------NOS AND CE PRINTED BY--------------------------- -MIG 18, ISAFP (2004) The projection system is the framework of the map. For military maps, this framework is of the conformal type; that is, small areas of the surface of the earth retain their true shapes on the projection; measured angles closely approximate true values; and the scale factor is the same in all directions from a point PROJECTION-------TRANSVERSE MERCATOR VERTICAL DATUM ---------------------- MEAN SEA LEVEL HORIZONTAL DATUM --------------------- LUZON DATUM CONTROL BY ------------------------------------NOS AND CE PRINTED BY--------------------------- -MIG 18, ISAFP (2004) Any level surface (for example, mean sea level) taken as a surface of reference from which to determine elevations PROJECTION----------------------TRANSVERSE MERCATOR VERTICAL DATUM ------MEAN SEA LEVEL HORIZONTAL DATUM ------------------------- LUZON DATUM CONTROL BY ----------------------------------------NOS AND CE PRINTED BY------------------------------ -MIG 18, ISAFP (2004) A geodetic reference point (of which five quantities are known: latitude, longitude, azimuth of a line from this point, and two constants, which are the parameters of reference ellipsoid). These are the basis for horizontal-control surveys. PROJECTION----------------------TRANSVERSE MERCATOR VERTICAL DATUM --------------------------MEAN SEA LEVEL HORIZONTAL DATUM --- LUZON DATUM CONTROL BY ----------------------------------------NOS AND CE PRINTED BY------------------------------ -MIG 18, ISAFP (2004) Indicates the special agencies involved in the control of the technical aspects of all the information that is disseminated on the map. PROJECTION----------------------TRANSVERSE MERCATOR VERTICAL DATUM --------------------------MEAN SEA LEVEL HORIZONTAL DATUM ------------------------ LUZON DATUM CONTROL BY ----------NOS AND CE PRINTED BY------------------------------ -MIG 18, ISAFP (2004) Indicates the agencies responsible in thepreparation and printing of the map. PROJECTION---------------------------TRANSVERSE MERCATOR VERTICAL DATUM --------------------------------MEAN SEA LEVEL HORIZONTAL DATUM ------------------------------- LUZON DATUM CONTROL BY ----------------------------------------------NOS AND CE PRINTED BY---- -MIG 18, ISAFP (2004) Contains Instructions For Composing a grid reference. Identifies the agency that prepared and printed the map with its respective symbol. This information is important to the map user in evaluating the reliability of the map Illustrates and identifies the topographic symbols used to depict some of the more prominent features on the map. The symbols are not always the same on every map. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism.  RED - depicts classification of roads, built- up areas & special featuresF BLUE – Water Features (Hydrography) GREEN - represents vegetation  BLACK - represents man-made objects, ie. Buildings, tower,etc BROWN - depicts relief and elevation such as contours on older maps  HOUSE BUILDING TRAIL BRIDGE SCHOOL QUARRY FOOTPATH BUILT UP AREA TOPO SYMBOLS USED ARE DEPICTED ON THE LEGEND By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. RED - ENEMY FORCES, ACTIVITIES AND INSTALLATIONS BLUE - FRIENDLY FORCES GREEN - ENGINEER ACTIVITIES YELLOW – CONTAMINATED AREAS - By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. Patriotism. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Honor. Dedication. 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strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  MAP READING AND LAND NAVIGATION  SCOPE OF PRESENTATION ❖ Definition, Importance, Care and Security of Maps ❖ Categories and Types of Maps ❖ Marginal Information ❖ Grids ❖ Scale and Distance ❖ Direction ❖ Elevation and Relief  SCOPE OF PRESENTATION ❖ Navigational Methods and Equipment ❖ Terrain Association  DEFINITION OF MAP ❖ Geographic representation of a portion of the earth’s surface drawn to scale, as seen from above; ❖ Uses colors, symbols and labels to represent features found on the ground  IMPORTANCE OF A MAP 1. Strategic and tactical planning in all command; 2. Show relative position on a certain given area; 3. Show accurate distance, location, best routes and key terrain features 4. Avoid lost and keep alive.  CARE OF MAP 1. Proper folding: Accordion Fold or Slit Fold 2. Carry maps in a water proof pocket and use acetate to cover the map. Avoid drawing or improper marking to avoid confusion;  SECURITY OF MAP 1. Maps must not fall into unauthorized hand; 2. When in danger, destroy the map; 3. Avoid indication of plans or area of interest in the map;  CATEGORIES OF MAP Scale is expressed as a fraction and gives the ratio of map distance to ground distance ❖ Small 1: 600, 000 and smaller ❖ Medium 1: 600, 000 but smaller than 1:75,000 ❖ Large: 1: 75, 000 and larger  TYPES OF MAPS Planimetric Map - Showing only the horizontal (flat) position of features.  TYPES OF MAPS Topographic Maps - A two dimensional Map which represents the horizontal (flat and vertical relief) positions of features represented.  TYPES OF MAPS Plastic Relief Map – A topographic map reprinted on plastic material and formed by heat and vacuum over a reproductive positive mold thus giving the same information as contained on topographic map.  TYPES OF MAPS Photo Map - A reproduction of photograph upon grid lines, marginal data, place, names and boundaries may be added.  TYPES OF MAPS Joint Operation Map – Used for ground and air operations. The maps are published in a ground and air edition.  TYPES OF MAPS Picto map – It is a map on which the photographic imaginary of a standard photomap has been converted into interpretable colors and symbols.  TYPES OF MAPS Photomosaic - An assembly of aerial photograph to form a complete picture.  MARGINAL INFORMATION 1. Sheet Name – found at the upper center margin. a map is named after its outstanding cultural or geographic features. 2. Sheet number – found in the upper right margin and used as reference number assigned to each map 3. Series Name and Scale – found on the upper left margin. A map series usually comprises a group of smaller maps at some scale designed to cover a particular geographic area.  MARGINAL INFORMATION 4. Series Number – appears in the upper right margin and lower left margin. 5. Edition Number – is found in the upper margin and in the lower margin, representing the age of the map. 6. Bar Scale – located in the center of the lower margin and in the lower margin use for determination of map distance to the corresponding ground distance with three different units of measures.  MARGINAL INFORMATION 7. Credit Note – in lower left margin, primary purpose is to list the procedures and reference, the method of compilation for used by technicians. 8. Index to Adjoining Sheet – in lower margin, it identifies the map sheet covering areas around the area covered by the map you are using. 9. index to boundaries diagrams – in lower margin, this is a miniature map that shows the boundaries and special show line that occurs within the map area. 10. Projection Note – in lower margin, it indicate the method use to portray the map area.  MARGINAL INFORMATION 11. Grid Note – in the center lower margin, it gives information pertaining to the grid system used, the initial guidelines and the number of digit omitted from grid values. 12. Grid Reference Box - usually located at the center of the lower margin. it contains information identifying the grid zone designation and 100,00 meters square identification. 13. Horizontal Datum Note - located at the center of the lower margin and defined as geodetic reference point.  MARGINAL INFORMATION 14. Legend - at the lower left margin, illustrates identifies the topographic symbols used to depict some of the prominent features on the map. 15. Declination Diagram - located in he center lower margin and indicates the relationships of true north and magnetic north. 16. Protractor Scale – in upper margin, use for laying out a magnetic north line on the map. 17. User Note – located in the lower margin use for connections and errors on the map.  MARGINAL INFORMATION 18. Unit Imprint - at the left side of the lower margin, it identifies the agency which printed the maps with its respective symbols. 19. Contour Interval Note - located in the center of the lower margin. it states the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines on the map. when supplementary contours are used the interval is indicated. 20. Coverage Diagram – normally in lower margin, it indicates the methods by which the map was made, dates of photography and other sources material.  MARGINAL INFORMATION 21. Graphic Scale - a ruler used to convert map distance to ground distance without going through mathematical computations. 22. Contour Interval – the contour interval states the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines on the map. when supplementary contour are used the intervals is indicated. 23. Vertical Datum Note – it designates the basis for all vertical control stations, contours and elevation appearing in the map.  MAP SYMBOL ❖ Purpose: 1. Visualize an area of the earth surface; 2. Represent the natural and man-made feature;  MAP SYMBOL ❖ Classification: 1. Topographic Symbols are standard drawing of map features and organized by the colors;  MAP SYMBOL ❖ Classification: 1. Topographic Colors: a) Black- All man-made features; such as buildings, roads not shown in red, etc b) Blue- All water features like lakes, rivers, swamps, streams, etc c) Brown- All land forms, like contours, cuts, fills, etc d) Green-All vegetation, such as forest, orchard, jungles, e) Red- Main roads, built-up areas, and special info  MAP SYMBOLS TOPOGHAPHIC SYMBOLS Man-made Objects  MAP SYMBOLS TOPOGHAPHIC SYMBOLS Drainage and Vegetation  MAP SYMBOLS TOPOGHAPHIC SYMBOLS Drainage and Vegetation  MAP SYMBOLS MILITARY COLORS 1. Blue- All friendly forces, installations, activities and firepower; 2. Red- All enemy forces, installations, and activities (double lines means enemy) 3. Yellow- shows grassed or contaminated areas 4. Green-indicates friendly or enemy demolation, minefield and man-made obstacles 5. Spare Colors-use for classification and accompanied by legend  MAP SYMBOLS TYPES OF MILITARY SYMBOLS 1. Troops unit symbols – are shown by rectangle. (basic symbols for military unit and activities). 2. Branch arm of service and type – organization symbol – used in conjunction either other symbols to signify a military unit activity or installation. 3. Size of unit – used to identify the size of a unit or installation.  GRIDS AND COORDINATES ❖ Grids - are parallel lines from east to west, north or south that forms a square used as a reference system to help the map reader locate areas quickly. ❖ Coordinates - are the numbered grid lines on the map and are further subdivided to show specified location ❖ Geographic Coordinates – the location of any point of the earth surface maybe given by stating into its distance north or south of the equator (latitude) and east or west of prime meridian (longtitude).  GRIDS AND COORDINATES ❖ Polar Coordinates – On The Map Maybe Determined or plotted from a known point by giving a distance along that direction. ❖ Grid Coordinates - the military grid system divides the earth surface into many 100,000 meter squares. each of these squares are further subdivided into 1,000 meter squares. the 1,000 meter squares is the basis of the military grid system which is used in reading military map.  GRIDS AND COORDINATES ❖ Grid Square - can be located or identified by combining the number of the vertical grid line and horizontal grid line which intersect at the lower left corner of the square.  CHARACTERISTICS OF GRIDS ❖ Does not requires knowledge of the area ❖ Applied to large areas ❖ Does not requires land marks ❖ Applies to all map scales  GRAPHIC (BAR) SCALE ❖ Is the most accurate means of measuring distance on a map. ❖ It is the ruler printed on the map which distances on the map may be measured as actual ground distance;  GRAPHIC (BAR) SCALE ❖ Two parts of Graphic (Bar) Scale: LOCATING PT OF GRID SQUARE  TERRAIN FEATURES Five Major: Hidden Valley Ranch Salad Dressing Hilltop, Valley, Ridge, Saddle, Depression Three Minor: Draw, Spur, Cliff Two Supplementary: Cut, Fill  TERRAIN FEATURES Hill- An area of high ground. When you are located on a hilltop, the ground slope down in all directions;  TERRAIN FEATURES Valley- A stretched-out groove in the land, usually formed by streams or rivers  TERRAIN FEATURES Ridge- A sloping line of high ground  TERRAIN FEATURES Saddle- A deep or low point between two areas of higher ground between two hilltops  TERRAIN FEATURES Depression- Low point in the ground or sinkhole. they are represented by close contour lines that have tick marks pointing toward low ground  TERRAIN FEATURES Draw- a less developed steam course than a valley. there is essentially no level ground and, therefore, little or no maneuver room within its confines  TERRAIN FEATURES Spur- a short, continuous sloping line of higher ground, normally jutting out from the side of a ridge  TERRAIN FEATURES Cliff- a vertical or near vertical feature; it is an abrupt change of the land. the slope is so steep that the contour lines converge into one contour line or the last contour line has tick marks pointing to low ground  TERRAIN FEATURES Cut- man-made feature resulting from cutting through raised ground, usually to from a level bed for a road or railroad track; Fill- man-made feature resulting from filling a low area, usually to form a level bed for a road or rail- road track  ELEVATION IN METERS Three types of contour lines: 1. Intermediate: are contour lines located between two index lines. 2. Supplementary: are contour lines placed to specify half of the contour interval. Example: contour interval 20 meters 100m 120m 130m and 140m 3. Supplementary contours 10 meters index: are major elevation points and have the elevation number written within the contour. (Ex.100m,200m,300m)  FINDING POINTS 1. Orient the map: Compass or Terrain Association 2. Compass Technique: Cheek and Center hold methods 3. Grid Coordinates: Grid Zone Designator (RP) and number sequence (four digit, six digit or eight digit) 3. Remember: READ right then up 3. Dead Reckoning  FINDING POINTS Parts of Lensatic Compass  FINDING POINTS Parts of Lensatic Compass  FINDING POINTS Compass Technique Compass to cheek method center hold method the compass to cheek technique is used almost exclusively for sighting and is the best technique for this purpose. the center hold method is much faster but is also less precise.  FINDING POINTS Orienting the Map A map is oriented when it is in a horizontal position with its north/ south corresponding to the north/ south on the ground  FINDING POINTS Military protractor  FINDING POINTS Grid Coordinates  FINDING POINTS Grid Precision  FINDING POINTS Grid Precision  TOPOGHAPHIC SYMBOLS Man-made Objects  TERRAIN IDENTIFICATION TEST Stations: 1. Shoot two azimuths, either in MILS or DEGS using both methods; 1. Given a known point ID its 4-Digit or 8-Digit coordinate; 1. a) Find Pace Count. b) Given a 4 digit and an 8 digit coordinate plot both points and ID the Feature or structure End of presentation!!!