MS1-Midterm-Reviewer (1).pdf

ROTC Reviewer Military Courtesy and Discipline General Rules of Saluting Military Discipline – state of order and obedience 1. Salute must be rendered using the right hand among personnel in a military organization, it 2. Distance of recognition not exceeding...

ROTC Reviewer Military Courtesy and Discipline General Rules of Saluting Military Discipline – state of order and obedience 1. Salute must be rendered using the right hand among personnel in a military organization, it 2. Distance of recognition not exceeding 30 steps characterized by the men’s prompt and willing 3. Hands are held in potion until the officer has responsiveness to orders and understanding compliance passed or salute has been returned to regulation. 4. The salute is rendered and returned by the most Military Courtesy – acts of politeness, civility, and senior of each party respect. 5. No salute must be rendered with cigarettes on hand Customs of the service – unwritten law of the armies, 6. Salute can be rendered in halt or walking, when navies, and air forces. running, the soldier comes to walk before Morale – mental state and spirit of an individual. saluting 7. Salute is held with or without headgear Efficiency – ability to accomplish successfully an assigned task in a shortest possible time with the least 8. In the navy, when incapable of using righthand, confusion. the salute can be rendered using left hand 9. The salute is executed while looking at the Salute – most important and common form of all the person being saluted military courtesy. Symbol of respect among military 10. When in doubt, salute personnel. Services and Last Courtesies – funeral service is Who are entitled to a salute? accorded to all military personnel who died in the Commissioned officer of the AFP performance of their duties. Commissioned officers of the Armed Forces of As courtesy to the deceased military personnel, Allied Nations while the casket is being carried from the house Civilian high officials or foreign dignitaries to the caisson, military personnel stand during military honor and rendered for them attention, uncover and hold the headdress over Colors and standard not cased the left breast When to salute? During the inclement, the execute hand salute. The honor is also accorded to the remains as it Reporting to an officer passes by the mourners Meeting an officer Military men not in formation attending military When the national color passed by funerals follow the mourners according to When the national anthem is being played seniority Raising and lowering of the national flag During inclement weather, military personnel After conversing with and officer remain uncover and execute the hand salute. When not to salute? This position is maintained until the casket reaches the grave or when it is beyond saluting When troops are at work distance Indoors, except when reporting to an officer Deceased military personnel are entitled to the When carrying articles with both hands following: When attending to a vehicle When meeting a prisoner Vigil guards during the wake When in ranks Gun salute during interment Pallbearers carry the casket Taps being played Identification of Ranks and Insignias in the AFP integrity of its national territory from internal and external threats. History of the AFP Identifies itself with the Filipino people’s historical struggles for freedom and justice. It recognizes the role of our forefathers as freedom fighters and honors them for their democratic and nationalistic aspirations. The AFP, as the embodiment of the cherished martial values and traditions of the Filipino people, traces its roots to certain historical events: a. The Battle of Mactan on April 7, 1521, where Lapu-Lapu, the acknowledged Father of the AFP, first demonstrated our love for freedom b. The Dagohoy Revolt in 1744 (longest revolt) c. The Muslim Resistance; and other similar uprisings against Spanish colonialism d. The Founding of the Katipunan on July 7, 189 by Andres Bonifacio, considered as the Father of the Philippine Army, who proclaimed Filipinos Solidarity e. The Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897, which proclaimed officially our desire for complete independence and thereafter gave birth to the Philippine Army. Subsequently, the Philippine Navy was created on May 20, 1898. On June 12, 1898, the Philippine Independence was declared at Kawit, Cavite. On December 21, 1935, the National Defense was enacted officially to create the AFP. The Philippine Air Force was later established on July 1, 1947. Mission of the AFP “To protect the people and secure the sovereignty of the state and the Integrity of the national territory.” Chain of Command The AFP Organization By the virtue of the National Defense Act on December Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) – recognizes the 21, 1935, the Armed forces of the Philippines was Constitution of the Republic as the legitimate expression created. of the people’s will. It is mandated to serve and protect the people and secure sovereignty of the state and the The President is the Commander-in-chief of the AFP, organization, training, maintenance, and he/she exercises strategic direction over the personnel utilization of the Citizen Armed Force. and the resources of the military establishments Two (2) Major Operational Units through the secretary of the Department of National Defense. Affiliated Reserve Group (ARG) Technical Service Reserve Group (TSRG) The Chief of Staff, executes the command functions of the President in relation to strategy, tactics, and 2. Army Reserve Command (ARESCOM) – operations. Has command and control over all the premised on a dedication to service, faced with elements of the AFP. the challenge of being in a constant state of Organization and Capabilities of the AFP readiness and responsiveness if it is back up to the regular army. Regular Force – the permanent military organization which is maintained in time of peace and war. 3. Naval Reserve Command (NAVRESCOM) – tasked to oversee and administer all naval reservists in Reserve Force – military organization that will come up our country. physical existence only upon mobilization as may be called by the commander-in-chief due to state of Eight (8) Naval Reserve Centers national emergency. a. Naval Reserve Center Northern Luzon (NRCNL) – Major Service Command Bonuan Gueset, Dagupan City, north of NRCNL to Batanes Island Philippine Army (PA) – conducts ground combat b. Naval Reserve Center National Capital Region operations. (NRCNCR) – Naval Station Jose Francisco, Fort Philippine Navy (PN) – secures the Philippine territorial Santiago, all areas of NCR including Pampanga, waters. Bulacan, Rizal, Cavite, and Laguna. c. Naval Reserve Center Southern Luzon (NRCSL) Philippine Air Force (PAF) – secures the Philippine air – Rawis, Legaspi City, areas from Batangas, space. Mindoro, Romblon, and entire Bicol Region. Major Services RESCOM and AFPRESCOM d. Naval Reserve Center West (NRSW) – Puerto Princesa, entire Palawan. Prior to the enactment of the AFP Reservist Act e. Naval Reserve Center Eastern Visayas (NRCEV) (Republic Act 7077) on June 7, 1991, reserve force – Cebu City, entire eastern Visayas. development was already an existing phenomenon in f. Naval Reserve Center Western Visayas the AFP as far back as 1939. (NRCWV) – Iloilo City, whole western Visayas The AFP Reservist Act or R.A 7077 provided for the including Negros Occidental. reorganization of the AFP Reserve Force into Four (4) g. Naval Reserve Center Western Mindanao Major Components: Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Air (NRCWM) – Zamboanga City, areas from Force Reserve, AFP-Wide Technical and Affiliated Cotabato, Zamboanga, Basilan, Jolo, and Reserve Command. TawiTawi. h. Naval Reserve Center Eastern Mindanao 1. Armed Forces of the Philippines Reserve (NRCEM) – Davao City, entire eastern Mindanao. Command (AFPRESCOM) – organized as an AFP- Wide Support and Separate Unit on April 1, 1993 pursuant to General Oder No. 2 GHQ, AFP 4. Air Force Reserve Command (AFRESCOM) – dated March 2, 1993 and Republic Act 7077, administration and utilization of the air reservist responding and acting quickly to rescue calls. otherwise known as the Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act. Mandated to provide direction for the development, administration, Interior Guard Duty Sergeant of the Guard (SOG) – overall supervisor. Takes over as commander of guards in case no one else is Interior guard system is composed of the following: (1) detailed. Field Officer of the Day (FOD), (2) Officer of the Day (OD), (3) Commander of Guard (COG), (4) Sergeants of Relief Commander – gives instructions to the members the Guard (SOG), (5) Relief Commander, and (6) of his relief. Sentinels of the Guards. Sentinel of the Guards – must memorize, understand, Countersign – consists of a secret challenge and reply and comply with the general orders for sentinel. Challenge – “Halt, who is there?” given by a sentry is Eleven (11) General Orders of the Guard used to cause an unidentified person to be identified. 1. To take charge of my post and all government Password – word or distinct sound used to answer a property view. challenge, identifies the person desiring to enter or 2. To walk my post in a military manner, keeping pass. always on the alert and observing everything Interior Guard – detailed by a commander to preserve that takes place withing sight or hearing. order, protect property, and enforces regulations. 3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce. Relief – members of the guard, under supervision, 4. To repeat calls from posts more distant from the including a corporal of guard, have the same watch. guardhouse than my own. Sentry – enlisted man assigned to duty as member of 5. To quit my post only when properly relived. guard, to keep watch, maintain order, protect 6. To receive, obey, and pass to the sentinel who person/property, or warn of any attack. relieves me all orders from the commanding officer, OD, commissioned and Watch – period of time a guard performs the prescribed noncommissioned officers of guard only. duties. 7. To talk to no one except in line of duty. Relieve – direct any member of the guard to cease 8. To give alarm in case of fire or disorders. performance duties. 9. To call the COG in any case not covered by Post – place or area where a sentry/guard is stationed. instructions. 10. To salute all officers, and all colors and standard Patrol Post – post within a sentry – a prescribe route not cased. within specified limit. 11. To be especially watchful at night during the Fixed Post – post within the limits of a sentry is required time for challenging and to challenge all person to stay. on or near my post and not to allow no one to pass without proper authority. Guardhouse – headquarters of the guards. Military Justice Detain – secure the custody of an illegal offender. Military Justice System is meant to enable commanders Functions and General Duties of Personnel to dispose of personnel problems in their units in the Field Officer of the Day (FOD) – supervision in the most expeditious manner. proper performance of duty of the interior guards. Four (4) Components Officer of the Day (OD) – responsible for the proper 1. Investigation – process of looking into the performance of duty by the main guards. Responsible in circumstance of a case for the purpose of executing all orders of the commanding officer. verifying the facts. Commander of the Guard (COG) – responsible for 2. Prosecution – accusation of a crime before a instruction, discipline, and performance of the guards. legal tribunal.  3. Trial or Adjudication – legal action before a Article 69 – quarrels, frays, and disorders judge or jury. Article 70 – arrest or confinement 4. Judgment or Decision – punishment given to the accused who committed such crime. Article 71 – charges, action upon Two (2) Distinct Division of System Article 72 – refusal or receive and keep prisoners 1. Administrative Cases – decisions not involving Article 73 – report of prisoners receives penal sanctions and may take such mild Article 74 – releasing prisoner of without proper disciplinary or instructive forms as admonition, authority reprimand, and the like. 2. Punitive Cases – result in judgment of fine, hard Article 75 – delivery of offenders to civil authorities labor, deprivation of liberty or combination of Article 76 – misbehavior before the enemy these whenever guilt of those involve are proven. Article 77 – subordinate compelling commander to surrender Military Jurisdiction – emanates from several sources. Article 78 – improper use of countersign Articles of War 54 to 105, are the punitive Articles Article 79 – forcing a safeguard Article 80 – captured property to be secured for public Punitive Articles service Article 54 – Fraudulent enlistment Article 81 – dealing in captured or abandoned property Article 55 – officer making unlawful enlistment Article 82 – relieving, corresponding with or aiding the Article 56 – false muster enemy Article 57 – false returns or omission to render returns Article 83 - spies Article 58 – acts to constitute desertion Article 84 – military property, willful or negligent loss Article 59 – punishment to desertion Article 85 - waste or unlawful disposition of military Article 60 – advising or aiding another to desert property issued to soldiers Article 86 – drunk on duty Article 61 – entertaining a deserter Article 87 – misbehavior of sentinel Article 62 – absence without leave Article 88 – personal interest in sale of provisions Article 63 – disrespect toward the president, vice president, prime minister, chairman of the national Article 88A – unlawfully influencing action of court assembly or minister of national defense Article 89 – intimidating of persons bringing provisions Article 64 – disrespect toward superior officer Article 90 – good order to be maintained and wrong Article 65 – assaulting or willfully disobeying superior redressed officer Three (3) Types of Court-Martial Article 66 – insubordinate conduct toward General Courts Martial – consist of any number of noncommissioned officer members not less than five (5). Article 67 – mutiny or sedition Special Courts-Martial – consist of any number of Article 68 – failure to suppress mutiny or sedition members not less than three (3). Summary Courts Martial – entirely different case would Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial be the trial by a summary court martial where its bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied proceedings are much faster than those of other types to any person by reason of poverty. of courts martial. Section 12. (Rights of the Accused) Miranda Rights Human Rights Section 13. (Right to Bail) All persons, except those Section 1. (Right to Life) No person shall be deprived of charged with offenses punishable by reclusion Perpetua life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before shall any person be denied the equal protection of the conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be laws. released on recognizance as may be provided by law. Section 2. (Right to Security) The right of the people to Section 14. (Right to Due Process) No person shall be be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects held to answer for a criminal offense without due against unreasonable searches and seizures. process of law. Section 3. (Right to Property) Section 15. (Writ of Habeas Corpus) The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in Section 4. (Right to Freedom) No law shall be passed cases of invasion or rebellion when the public safety abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of requires it. the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of Section 16. (Right to a Speedy Disposition) All persons grievances. shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative Section 5. (Right to Religion) No law shall be made bodies. respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Section 6. (Right to Abode and Travel) The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits Section 18. No person shall be detained solely by reason prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon of his political beliefs and aspirations. lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel Section 19. Excessive fines shall not be imposed. be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or law. non-payment of a poll tax. Section 7. (Right to Information) The right of the people Section 21. (Right against Double Jeopardy) No person to information on matters of public concern shall be shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the recognized. same offense. Section 8. (Right to form Unions) The right of the Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall people, including those employed in the public and be enacted. private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies Threats to National Security and Anti-Terrorism for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Threats to National Security – requirement to maintains Section 9. (Right to Private Property) Private property the survival of the state through the use of economic, shall not be taken for public use without just military, and political power and the exercise of compensation. diplomacy. Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts Department of National Defense (DND) – provides shall be passed. more coherent analysis of Philippine national security concept. Two (2) Types of Threats to Philippine National Security Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Internal Security Threats Terrorism – unlawful use of force or violence against individuals. - Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) - Local Communist Movement (LCM) Terrorist Incident – violent act dangerous to human life. - Renegade Faction of Moro National Liberation Terrorist – individual who uses violence, terror, and Front (MNLF) intimidation. - Communist Party of the Philippines – New People’s Army – National Democratic Front Goals of Terrorism (CPP-NPA-NDF) Short-term Goals - Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) – Gaining recognition - Organized crime – Reducing government credibility - Grave incidence of poverty – Obtaining funds and equipment - Graft and corruption - Severe Calamities – Disrupting communications - Persistent environment degradation – Demonstrating power – Delaying political process External Security Threats – Eliminating opposition leaders - China threat over the issue of the Spratly – Reducing government economy - Malaysia over the issue of Sabah and Spratly – Influencing elections - Other claimants of Spratly – Demoralizing and discrediting the security force - Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction – Intimidating a particular group (WMD) – Causing a government to overact - Smuggling of firearms and contraband – Elevate social anxiety - Climate change Long-term Goals - Cybernetic crime – Topple government Seven (7) Fundamental Elements – Influence top-level decisions a. Socio-Political Stability – achieve peace and – Gain legitimate recognition harmony among all Filipinos. b. Territorial Integrity – ensure the permanent inviolability of our national territory. Includes Terrorist Activities preservation of our country’s Exclusive – Bombing/explosive Economic Zone (EZZ). – Arson c. Economic Solidarity and Strength – pursue a – Skyjacking/hijacking free-market economy through responsible – Seajacking/mar jacking entrepreneurship. – Ambush d. Ecological Balance – sustainable development side by side with social justice. – Kidnapping e. Cultural Cohesiveness – common set of values – Hostage-taking and beliefs. – Robbery and extortion f. Moral-Spiritual Consensus – national vision – Assassination inspired. – International narcotic support g. External Peace – constructive and cordial – Thefts relations will all nations and people. Types of Terrorism Net Call Sign – identifies all radio stations. Domestic Terrorism – based and operate within the Call – method of establishing communications. territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines. Pro-words – assigned words with meaning. International Terrorism – foreign based or directed by – Over – transmission ended and expecting a countries outside the Philippine territory. response. Strategy to Combat Terrorism – Wilco – I will comply 1. Prediction – Query – clarification 2. Prevention – Lima Charlie – loud and clear – Say Again – did not understand Physical Security – preventing unauthorize access – Request Net With – can I talk with… Personnel Security – measure taken to reduce – Wait One – wait a minute the vulnerability for attack. – Read back – repeat what said 3. Deterrence – Radio Silence – cease transmission but listen – Break-break – stop conversing for urgent Basic Signal Communication, Basic Intelligence, and message Basic Survival Phonetic Alphabet – to help identify spoken letters Signal communication – method or means Means of communication – medium Agency of communication – facility Tactical radio set – principal means of communication Two (2) Means of Communication 1. Physical communication Messenger – oldest and relatively most secure means of communication (specialized and scheduled messenger). Trained Animals – makes use of the ability of some animals. Mail – adjutant general and its equivalent entity in lower echelons are provided with the funds. Visual Signals – control the action of small unit. Sound Signals – used primarily to spread alarms. 2. Telecommunication Basic Intelligence Wire – includes the use of field wires, cables assemblies. Military intelligence plays a very significant role in the conduct of war. Radio – most frequently used for maintaining command. Intelligence – collection, evaluation, and interpretation Fundamentals of Tactical Radio Communication of all available information. Radio Net – channel/group of several station. Counter-Intelligence – measures taken to ensure the Call Sign – combination of words (nickname). safe guarding of information. Collective Call Sign – identifies two or more stations. Intelligence Cycle – repetition of what has transpired or – Detectable Enemy Activity – patrol activity become known. Collection Agencies – topic has been discussed under Four (4) Phases in the Intelligence Cycle planning. 1. Planning or Direction of the Collection Effort – 3. Processing or Production of Intelligence – determine the intelligence requirements to information is recorded, evaluated, and support the commander’s mission. interpreted. Steps to Consider in Planning Three (3) Related Parts of Processing Enemy Capabilities – enemy’s strengths a. Recording – mechanical process. Tools used in recording: Intelligence Journal, Intelligence Enemy Vulnerabilities – enemy’s weaknesses Worksheet, Enemy Situation Map, Intelligence Weather and Terrain – weather and terrain information Files Order of Battle – basis of intelligence requirements b. Evaluation – examination of information to determine if it is pertinent. Next Major Decision – future operations – Evaluation Rating – information Preventing Surprise of the Command – studies the dissemination. disposition c. Interpretation – determining the significance of information. Information Needs of Higher or Adjacent Units Two (2) – Analysis – examination of information Requirements of Determining the Intelligence Priorities – Integration – combining selected data 1. Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) – – Deduction – formation of conclusion commander’s highest priority requirements 4. Dissemination and Use of Intelligence – 2. Other Intelligence Requirements (OIRs) – items transmitting information of information needed by the commander but Criteria in Dissemination not his highest priority. Timeliness – dissemination to be timely Collection Worksheet – written or oral Propriety – information to be disseminated properly. Collection Agency – individual which systematically exploits the source of information in order to gain Methods of Dissemination desired information. a. By personal contact Categories of Collection Agencies b. By messenger Intelligence Specialists – trained in specialized aspect of c. By intelligence documents intelligence. Basic Survival Troops – soldiers and their units. Survival – action of staying alive in the field with limited Specialized Units – units dealing on information resources. 2. Collection of Information – extraction of Survival Techniques information from source. Size up the situation – consider your own capability Source Information – actual origin of information. Undue haste makes waste – keep yourself calm, take stock of the resources available to you. – Persons – civilian enemy personnel, evaders, escapes Remember where you are – carefully plan all your – Things – captured document or materials movements so that you will not get lost. Vanquish fear and panic – take control of your fears and Ma’am/Sir! Try to find out ma’am/sir! (inquiry or do not panic. something you hope to learn) Improvise – be resourceful Ma’am/Sir! Permission to make my statement Ma’am/Sir! (expressing concerns) Value living – never lose hope and remain a true fighter Ma’am/Sir! Permission to leave Ma’am/Sir! (before you Act like the natives – learn the methods and techniques depart) that are used to survive by the indigenous people. In addition… Learn basic survival skills – learn from local residents. Live by tour wits to constantly improve your chances of Ma’am/Sir! Personal necessities with my buddy (going survival. with one person and going to comfort room) / company (going more than one buddy) Ma’am/Sir! Jungle Survival Techniques – will to survive Ma’am/Sir! I’ll be more discipline Ma’am/Sir! (instead of a. Obtaining food – necessary for survival saying sorry) Plant food Animal food Ma’am/Sir! Thank you, Ma’am/Sir! b. Setting traps and snares – unarmed survivor or Ma’am/Sir! Good morning/afternoon/evening, an evader who would rather not use his rifle in Ma’am/Sir! order not to be discovered by the enemy. Remember to say this before you speak c. Making traps and snares – snare is a noose; will strangle or hold any animal caught in it. Trap is a Buddy tune (you should never go alone) contraction that is triggered by an action of Salute then says these responses prey. The only cadet who can take charge are on your right Different Types of Traps and Snares Military Secrecy  Treadle Spring Snare – used to catch small animal Sir, what I see, what I hear, what I feel, what I did, when  Locking Loop Snare – will tighten as the animal I leave, I’ll leave it here, and never squeal, sir! struggles to escape Military Discipline  Drag Noose Snare – effective in catching medium size animals 1. Obey and obey, before you complain.  Deadfall Trap - simple tension of a few sticks 2. Buddy is my body. holding a big rock in position, just waiting for 3. The fault of one is the fault of all. the right animal to trigger it. 4. If it is not good for the group, I will not sacrifice d. Preserving Animal Food – preserve the extra myself. meat for later use. 5. Must be stable under pressure. e. Locating Source of Water – most urgent needs Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in as survival situation f. Building Shelters – to protect from sun, insects, 1. When talking to a superior officer, always stand temperature, and enemy observation at attention. g. Building Fire – can fulfill several needs 2. When standing at attention, always look 5,000 miles aways, toes 45 degrees apart, hands 5 Basic Responses banana in pin, tiger looks, hands on the side, Aye, ma’am/sir! stomach in, chest out. Ma’am/Sir! No! Ma’am/Sir! 3. Always begin and end your statement with a Ma’am/Sir.  4. Always move on a double. 5. Always report fifteen (15) minutes before the designated time. 6. When late, do thirty (30) push ups and say, “Ma’am/Sir, I’ll never be late, Ma’am/Sir!” 7. When the punishment has been executed, say, “Ma’am/Sir, I’ll be more disciplined, Ma’am/Sir!” 8. When talking with a superior officer, always occupy the left side, remember that the place of honor is at the right side. 9. When walking in corridors, always stick to the wall. 10. The salute must be render to the superior officer by the most senior from the saluting party. 11. Greet and salute all officers and say, “Ma’am/Sir, good morning/afternoon/evening, Ma’am/Sir!” 12. When in doubt, salute. 13. Always greet all faculty and personnel of the university. 14. Obey, obey, and never complain. They will never do anything that will harm you. What art thou Ma’am/Sir, I am Cadet Private (name) from Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela NROTC Unit, Ma’am/Sir! R.A 9163 – NSTP R.A 7077 – ROTC NSTP – National Service Training Program ROTC – Reserve Officers’ Training Corps LTS – Literacy Training Services CWTS – Civic Welfare Training Services