Road to Solo Driving Handbook (PDF) 2023

Road to Solo Driving April 2023 Authorised and published by the Secretary to the Department of Road laws and legal requirements Transport and Planning, 1 Spring Street, Melbourne Victoria 3000 Road laws change from time...

Road to Solo Driving April 2023 Authorised and published by the Secretary to the Department of Road laws and legal requirements Transport and Planning, 1 Spring Street, Melbourne Victoria 3000 Road laws change from time to time. It is your responsibility to ensure © Department of Transport and Planning that you have the most recent edition of this handbook which you can First published 2000 check by visiting vicroads.vic.gov.au If you are in doubt, check with Updated March 2023 any of the VicRoads Customer Service Centres listed on the inside back cover. National Library of Australia cataloguing-in-publication data: Roads Corporation. This handbook sets out many of the legal requirements for drivers. Road to Solo Driving: It is intended as a guide only. It does not set out in full all of the Learning to drive – driving to learn includes index. requirements of the law. ISBN 0 7311 9000 9 You will need to consult the appropriate Acts and Regulations 1. Automobile driver education – Victoria – Handbooks, manuals, etc. if you want a complete knowledge of the road law. Remember that ignorance of what the law says on a particular subject is not 2. Traffic regulations – Victoria – Handbooks, manuals, etc. accepted as an excuse by the courts. Victorian legislation can 3. Traffic safety – Victoria – Handbooks, manuals, etc. be found at legislation.vic.gov.au I. Roads Corporation (Vic) Most things in this handbook apply to drivers. Motorcycle riders should also refer to the Victorian Rider Handbook for further 343.9450946 information. Bus and heavy vehicle drivers should refer to the Several organisations have contributed to the preparation of this Victorian Bus and Truck Driver Handbook for further information. handbook, and their help is gratefully acknowledged. Much of the information in the Road to Solo Driving also applies to pedal cyclists. The term driver is generally used to cover different road users and simplify the language. It does not mean that one group is more important than the other.  Introduction The Road to Solo Driving handbook is designed to help you The Guide for Learners helps you structure your driving practice understand the road rules, know your legal responsibilities and and keep track of your progress as you work towards your Ps. prepare you for the challenges of driving. The learner permit test The Guide for Learners includes the Learner Log Book that questions are based on this handbook. You will also need to know you must use to show you have gained at least 120 hours driving the information in the Road to Solo Driving to pass your drive practice to get a licence, if you are under 21 years of age at the test to get your licence. time of your licence test. The Guide for Learners and the Learner Log Book will help you make the most of your The Road to Solo Driving is the first of a series of handbooks. minimum 120 hours of driving experience and help you to become When you become a learner driver you can choose to use the a safer driver. myLearners app or you will receive a copy of the Learner Kit. If you choose the myLearners app, you will be given a handout The Guide for Supervising Drivers booklet explains how your on how to download the app to record your 120 hours of driving. supervising driver can help you right through your learner period. More information and top tips for lifelong safe driving behaviours The Victorian Government is committed to improving road safety. can be found at myLearners.vic.gov.au. The Road to Solo Driving is one of the important initiatives that If you received the The Learner Kit, it includes: help to do this. the Guide for Learners (with the Learner Log Book) the Guide for Supervising Drivers. 1  Contents How to use this book 49 3 Managing risk Welcome to the Road to Solo Driving 5 Alcohol and drugs 51 How to use this handbook 6 Speed 52 The licensing journey 7 Mobile phones and other electronic devices 53 The 10 steps to getting your licence 8 Passengers 55 Key points 26 Other distractions 56 Fatigue 57 1 The challenges of driving 29 Seatbelts 58 Vehicle safety 59 Driving is not that easy 32 59 Vehicle maintenance Some facts about new solo driving 34 60 Keys to reducing your risk of a crash 2 Learning to drive 37 Driving and the environment 67 Hazard perception 39 4 Rules and responsibilities 69 Practice is the best way 41 71 Alcohol Your supervising driver is there to help 43 75 Drugs, medicine and driving Put variety into your driving practice 44 77 Seatbelts Getting confident 45 79 Speed limits Checking your progress 46 84 Road signs Road markings 91 2  Contents Rules and responsibilities (cont.) Rules and responsibilities (cont.) Traffic controls at intersections 98 Parking 146 Give Way rules 100 Penalties 152 Police direction 111 Legal responsibilities 155 Turning 112 Crash responsibilities 158 Freeways 122 Assisting victims following motorcycle accidents 162 Driving safely in tunnels 124 Sharing the road safely 125 125 Resources – Cooperative driving – Keeping your cool when driving 126 Test yourself questions 164 – Sharing the road with other motorists 126 Resources to help you 166 – Using emergency signals 129 Index 168 – How to overtake safely 130 – Sharing the road with pedestrians 131 – Sharing the road with bicycle riders & motorcyclists 136 – Sharing the road with trams 138 – Sharing the road with buses 140 – Sharing the road with police & emergency vehicles 141 – Sharing the road with trucks & other heavy vehicles 141 – Sharing the road with animals 144 Railway level crossings 145 3 4 Welcome How to use this handbook Welcome to the Road to Solo Driving The Road to Solo Driving will help make all this information a bit clearer. Your learner permit test will be based on the This handbook will help you if you are going for a learner information in this book. You will also need this information permit, a probationary licence, or converting an interstate or to pass your drive test and get your probationary licence. overseas licence to a Victorian licence. New drivers are three times more likely to be involved in The aim of this handbook is to help you: casualty crashes than more experienced drivers. Learning prepare for the challenges of driving the information in the Road to Solo Driving is the first step find out how you will learn to drive to becoming a safer driver. Reading this handbook alone won’t make you a safer driver. What matters is how you manage and reduce your risks as a new driver use the information. understand the rules and responsibilities of driving. There is a lot to know before you get your learner permit, such as: the age requirements the Graduated Licensing System the Learner Log Book learner permits P licences (P1, P2) demerit points road rules licence tests hazards and risks problems caused by alcohol and drugs, and so on. 5  How to use this handbook This handbook is divided into five sections. Each is colour coded with a vertical band on the outside edge of each page. The next section explains the steps to getting your licence and becoming a driver. Chapter 1 explains the challenges facing new drivers. Chapter 2 covers the process of learning to drive and the importance of supervised driving practice. Chapter 3 describes the risks of driving and strategies to manage these risks. Chapter 4 describes some of the most important road rules and responsibilities. Important information It is important to know that when there is a statement of road law, the word ‘must’ is used. 6 The licensing journey The 10 steps to getting your licence You are starting on your licensing journey. Here is a quick overview of the path ahead. L Go for your Learner Read, study, When you are a Learner you should get as much experience Permit test. This is a YOU ARE and understand as possible with a supervising driver. If you are under 21 HERE computerised test the Road to years when you go for your drive test you will need to show based on the Road Solo Driving. you have had at least 120 hours of driving experience. to Solo Driving. Use the four stages in the Learner Kit to make sure you get the right Go for your Probationary Licence test. sort of practice. It will If you are 21 years or over also help you decide you go straight to a P2 (green) This is a computerised hazard perception test when you are ready to Probationary Licence. and then a driving test. You will need to have a go for your licence. lot of experience to pass these tests. P P You will spend at least 12 months on a You will spend at least 3 years on a P2 (green) If you have a good, P1 (red) Probationary Licence. There are some Probationary Licence. There are some special safe driving record, special rules for P1 drivers to help you stay safer rules for P2 drivers to recognise your improving you will continue on while you gain experience as a young solo driver. safety as you get closer to a full licence. to a full licence. 7  The 10 steps to getting your licence page 1 Read and understand Road to Solo Driving 9 2 Book your learner permit test 10 3 Pass your learner permit test 11 4 Pay for and be granted your learner permit 13 5 Get as much driving experience as possible using the four stages in the Learner Kit 14 6 Book your probationary licence test 16 7 Pass your probationary licence test 18 8 Pay for and be granted your probationary licence 21 9 Follow the P plate rules, stay safe and keep your licence 21 10 Receive your full driver licence 25 8  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 1 - Read and understand Road to Solo Driving Make sure you have the latest edition of this handbook and read it thoroughly. You can check whether you have the latest version of this handbook by visiting vicroads.vic.gov.au which will tell you when the latest edition was printed. Learning the information in this handbook and knowing the road rules are the first step to being ready to take the learner permit test. Language options When you sit for your learner permit test or your probationary licence test, you can choose to do the learner permit test and the Hazard Perception Test on the computer in any of the 14 languages available (for a full list, visit vicroads.vic.gov.au). 9  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 2 - Book your learner permit test You will be asked: You must be at least 16 years old before you can sit the test. your full name You can book your learner permit test: date of birth address online at vicroads.vic.gov.au (using a valid Mastercard or Visa*) mobile phone number by phone (using a valid Mastercard or Visa*) email Call: 13 11 71 when and where you would like to be tested. International calls: + 61 3 9854 7764 (licensing) Booking and test fees apply and must be paid at the time TTY: 13 36 77 of booking. Speak and Listen: 1300 555 727 You will be given an appointment number that you should in person (go to any VicRoads Customer Service Centre, write down. You will need to bring this number with you for locations visit vicroads.vic.gov.au or call 13 11 71). for your test. *Please note: a card payment fee will apply when Note: If you cannot keep your appointment, you need using Mastercard or Visa. For further information to give VicRoads 24 hours notice to cancel your test. visit vicroads.vic.gov.au. Otherwise fees will not be refunded unless you produce a medical certificate or other supporting evidence. If you transfer your appointment, regardless of when you contact VicRoads, an additional appointment fee will apply. 10  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 3 - Pass your learner permit test The learner permit test includes: You need to bring: reading an eyesight chart to test your vision your appointment number a computerised, multiple-choice test based on this handbook to test your knowledge of road law and evidence of identity and age, as set out on page 12 road safety. payment for your 10 year learner permit. The best way to prepare for the test is: If you have poor vision you must bring an eyesight certificate from a registered optometrist or ophthalmologist (eye doctor). read and study this handbook until you understand it all If you have a disability or illness that may affect your driving, when you understand the handbook, use the practice you will need to bring a medical report from your doctor test on the VicRoads website at vicroads.vic.gov.au to stating that you are medically fit to drive. If you are unsure or help revise. would like advice, contact VicRoads for further information. The practice test items on the website are good, but they Once you have a learner permit, you must tell VicRoads if don’t test all the information you will need to know to pass you develop any medical condition or injury that may affect the learner test and the probationary licence test later on. your driving. That information is in this handbook. 11  The 10 steps to getting your licence Evidence of identity Before you sit for your learner permit or your evidence of Victorian residence probationary licence you must prove who you are and If not shown on the category A or B evidence that you live in Victoria by bringing certain documents documents or if you have changed address. to a VicRoads Customer Service Centre. If documents cannot be provided, you can ask a referee (who has known you at least 12 months All evidence of identity documents must be originals and holds a current Victorian licence) to complete and you must also ensure that all names on each of the the ‘Victorian residence declaration’ on your Licence documents match and are in the same/correct order. or learner permit application form. Photocopies, certified or otherwise, are not acceptable. evidence of change of name or differing names You need to bring: If there is a difference in names between the category A one category A evidence document and B evidence documents or if you have changed your For example a passport (current or expired by up to name, one document that shows your correct name, two years) or Australian birth certificate (birth extracts for example a marriage or Change of Name certificate. and commemorative certificates are not acceptable). For more information and a complete list of evidence one category B evidence document of identity documents visit vicroads.vic.gov.au For example a phone, gas or electricity bill (no more than one year old); or a current Medicare card, entitlement card issued by the Commonwealth, student identity card, credit or account card issued by a bank, building society or credit union. 12  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 4 - Pay for and be granted your learner permit After you pass the test you will: pay for your learner permit, which is valid for ten years have your photo taken for your learner permit be given a paper learner permit receipt receive a handout on how to download the myLearners app or a copy of the Learner Kit (containing the Guide for Learners with the Learner Log Book and the Guide for Supervising Drivers). Information found at myLearners.vic.gov.au or in the Learner Kit will help you get through your learner period and pass the probationary licence test. If you are not given a Learner Kit, you should ask for one. You will be able to practice driving on the paper learner receipt until you receive your learner permit card. Your learner permit card will be sent to you through the mail in about a week. Make sure VicRoads has your correct current address. 13  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 5 - Get as much driving experience The Road to Solo Driving has important information about road rules that all drivers need to know. You are as possible expected to know and comply with the road rules when The best way to prepare for the Drive Test at the end of the you attempt the probationary licence test learner period is to get as much supervised experience as The myLearners app will record your 120 hours possible in many different driving situations. This is true for all of driving. You can also follow the four stages on learner drivers – it is much harder to pass the test if you only how to safely commence your driving practice at have a small amount of experience. myLearners.vic.gov.au If you are less than 21 years old when you go for your licence The Guide for Learners also gives you a four stage plan test you must: for your 120 hours complete a minimum of 120 hours supervised driving The Guide for Supervising Drivers explains the four experience including 20 hours of driving at night stage plan to your supervisor so they know how to help ensure that you and your supervising driver have The Learner Log Book is your record of your progress completed the declaration in the myLearners app or take – and is essential proof that you have achieved your 120 hours. your completed Learner Log Book with you when you Do not practise without a learner permit. go for your probationary licence test. The Learner Log Remember, you can’t get behind the wheel unless you have Book will be checked before you take the drive test to a learner permit. make sure everything has been completed correctly. Without a learner permit you can’t practise on public roads If you are 21 years or over you are encouraged to use the and in car parks. Doing so can result in you being charged Learner Kit, but you do not need to present the Learner with unlicensed driving. Log Book when you go for your probationary licence test. Driving safely requires a number of skills. Getting your learner This handbook, the myLearners website and the Learner Kit permit helps you understand the road rules, know your legal are essential in getting your 120 hours of driving experience. responsibilities and prepare for the challenges of driving. 14  The 10 steps to getting your licence Learner permit restrictions All car learner permit holders must: carry their learner permit card or receipt at all times while driving display L plates on the front and rear of the vehicle, visible from a distance of 20 metres be accompanied by a supervising driver holding a full (not probationary) driver licence at all times while driving must have a zero Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) at all times while driving (see pages 71-74 for more information) not touch or use voice controls on a hand-held or mounted mobile phone or other device. If you’re planning on using navigation, or playing or streaming audio material, you’ll need to set it up before driving. For navigation, a safer option is to only use the GPS audio directions and avoid looking at the images on the screen. Simple audio and navigation adjustments may be made using an inbuilt device only when driving. Scrolling, Definition entering numbers and text is not permitted unless parked Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is a measure not tow a trailer or another vehicle of the amount of alcohol you have in your blood. only drive a car (not a bus or truck). 15  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 6 - Book your probationary Definition licence test Continuous period means that the permit must not To get your probationary licence, you must: have been broken by a suspension, cancellation or be at least 18 years a break in continuity such as allowing the permit to have held a learner permit for a continuous period of expire before regaining a new permit. at least: - 12 months in the period immediately before applying If you are under 21 years when you apply for a for a driver licence if you are under 21 years probationary licence, you must produce evidence of having completed 120 hours of supervised driving - 6 months in the period immediately before applying (including at least 20 hours at night) either in the for a driver licence if you are over 21 years but under myLearners app or by presenting the Learner Log Book. 25 years If using the Learner Log Book: - 3 months in the period immediately before applying - All necessary details must be completed and each for a driver licence if you are 25 years or over. entry signed. not be disqualified from driving in Victoria, in Australia - The Declaration of Completion must be signed by or overseas both the applicant and a supervising driver. The List pass a computerised Hazard Perception Test and then of Supervising Drivers must be completed and signed pass the driving test (see Drive Test on pages 19-20). by all supervising drivers. - You should carefully read the instructions on the front of the Learner Log Book to understand how to fill in the log book correctly. 16  The 10 steps to getting your licence Fact An incomplete or incorrect Learner Log Book will not be accepted. You will not be able to take your driving test, all your fees will be forfeited, and you cannot take your test for six weeks. There are serious consequences if entries in the Learner Log Book are found to be incomplete or incorrect. You will lose your booking and test fees, and be prevented from taking the probationary licence test for at least six weeks. You may also be liable to penalties under the Road Safety Act 1986. You can book your test: online by visiting vicroads.vic.gov.au (using a valid Mastercard or Visa*) Note: If you cannot keep an appointment you will need to give by phone (using a valid Mastercard or Visa*). See page 10 VicRoads 24 hours notice to cancel your test, otherwise fees for contact numbers will not be refunded unless you produce a medical certificate or other supporting evidence. If you transfer your appointment, in person (go to any VicRoads Customer Service Centre, regardless of when you contact VicRoads, an additional for locations visit vicroads.vic.gov.au or call 13 11 71). appointment fee will apply. *Please note: a card payment fee will apply when using Mastercard or Visa. For further information visit vicroads.vic.gov.au. 17  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 7 - Pass your probationary If you cannot prove that you have completed 120 hours of driving practice, including 20 hours at night, you will not be licence test permitted to sit the test. Your appointment and test fees will You can be tested at any of the VicRoads Customer Service be forfeited and you will also have to wait at least six weeks Centres listed on the inside back cover of this handbook. before you can take the driving test. Your driving supervisor or instructor has to provide a If you have a medical condition or injury that may affect registered, roadworthy car with a speed display on the your driving and you have not previously told VicRoads, dashboard that the testing officer is able to easily see, have you must provide a medical certificate which states your seatbelts for all occupants and that is fitted with L plates for fitness to drive. Once you hold a probationary licence, the drive test. The car needs to also have a centrally mounted you must tell VicRoads if you develop any medical condition handbrake accessible to the VicRoads testing officer if you that might affect your driving. will be sitting the driving test without a driving instructor. The test includes: You need to bring your: reading an eyesight chart to test your vision appointment number a computerised Hazard Perception Test to see how current learner permit safely you respond to traffic situations completed Learner Log Book which includes the a driving test to assess your driving skills (see Drive Test, completed Declaration of Completion and List of pages 19-20). Supervising Drivers (if you are under 21 years, when you apply for a probationary licence). If using the myLearners app, ensure that your and your supervising driver have completed the declaration in the app payment for your probationary licence. 18  The challenges of driving The 10 steps to getting your licence The Hazard Perception Test Facing the real challenges of driving Definition 00 The Hazard Perception Test is designed to see how safely you respond to traffic situations. Some factshazard A potential aboutcan driving be anything in the road 00 environment that could present a danger or a risk For each item in the Hazard Perception Test, you will watch a video of a traffic situation where you are asked How whilecomplicated driving. is driving? 00 when it is safe to do something like slow down or make a turn Drive Test You have to respond safely to each traffic situation The on-road driving test is designed to identify drivers with For some items, you click the mouse button when it is the safe driving skills that develop with driving experience. safe to perform the driving task You are more likely to pass the drive test if you: For other items, there is no time when it is safe to perform the driving task and you should not click the have had more than 120 hours of driving experience mouse button. have had driving experience in a broad range of different You can take this test when you are 17 years and 11 months. driving conditions – such as at night, in wet weather, You have to pass the Hazard Perception Test before you can and on roads with different speed zones. sit the Drive Test. The Hazard Perception Test will indicate However 120 hours experience does not guarantee that you how well you are able to observe the whole road environment will pass. You need to also demonstrate safe and legal driving and anticipate potential hazards (see Practice is the best during the test (so you should brush up on your road rules or way on pages 41-42). read this handbook again before you attempt the drive test). 19  The 10 steps to getting your licence You will drive for about 30 minutes during the test and the test Definition route will include a range of driving conditions and tasks. You will have to show that you can: If a car has dual controls, it has additional pedal(s) on control the vehicle correctly the passenger side for use by the accompanying driver. obey the road rules cooperate with other road users If you are tested in a vehicle that is fitted with an automatic demonstrate safe driving skills. transmission you will be restricted to driving only vehicles that are fitted with an automatic transmission during your Your ability to drive safely in less demanding situations will be probationary period. The only way this restriction can assessed first. This is to make sure that you have basic car be removed earlier is by passing another drive test in a control and traffic skills. If you pass this part of the test, you manual car. will then be assessed in a broad range of traffic situations. If you hold a probationary licence and you are undergoing If you do something that is unsafe in the test, the test instruction or testing in a manual vehicle, you must display will be stopped and you will fail. a yellow plate measuring approximately 150 mm by 150 mm Further information about the Drive Test is available at inscribed in black letters with the words ‘Driver under vicroads.vic.gov.au instruction’. Your P plates must also be displayed. If you are tested in a car that has dual controls and your instructor holds a current Driving Instructor Authority Number, you can have your driving instructor with you. Otherwise, only the VicRoads testing officer will be with you. Other passengers are not usually permitted. 20  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 8 - Pay for and be granted your Step 9 the Facing - Follow the P plate real challenges of rules, drivingstay safe 00 probationary licence and keep your licence Once you have passed the test, you will: Some facts about driving Having your probationary licence will mean you have 00 demonstrated the minimum skills required to drive solo. pay for your probationary licence How complicated New probationary driversishave driving? 00 three times the risk of crashing have your photo taken for your probationary licence compared to experienced drivers. There are some rules for be given a paper probationary licence receipt. probationary drivers to help them stay as safe as possible. You will be able to drive on the paper probationary licence Severe penalties may be applied for breaching any of the receipt until you receive your probationary licence card. rules, including licence suspension, extension of your Your probationary licence card will be sent to you through the probationary period, or licence cancellation. Additional mail in about a week. Make sure VicRoads has your current penalties for drink driving convictions also include completion and valid address. of the Drink and Drug Driver Behaviour Change Program, fitting of an alcohol interlock device and other heavy penalties. You will need a good driving record to progress through the licence system. A good driving record means your licence has not been cancelled or suspended and you have not had any drink and/or drug driving offences. Your licence may also be suspended if you get too many demerit points – probationary drivers have a stricter limit than other drivers. 21  The 10 steps to getting your licence If you are less than 21 years old when applying for a P1 probationary licence probationary licence: In addition to obeying the rules that apply to all drivers, when you will start on a P1 probationary licence (the P1 licence you are driving on a P1 probationary licence, you must: period lasts for a minimum of one year) display red P plates on the front and rear of your vehicle if you have a good driving record you then progress to the (plates measuring approximately 150 mm square bearing P2 licence period that lasts for a minimum of three years a white letter P on a red background) and must be clearly after holding your probationary licence for a minimum of visible from a distance of 20 metres four years with a good driving record, you can then be carry your probationary licence (or valid paper receipt) issued with a full driver licence. with you at all times If you are 21 years or over when applying for a probationary have a zero blood alcohol concentration (BAC) licence: (see Alcohol on pages 71-75) you will start on a P2 probationary licence (the P2 not drive a probationary prohibited vehicle (unless probationary licence period lasts for a minimum of you are driving the vehicle during working hours at the three years) request of your employer, have been granted a written exemption by VicRoads, or while being supervised by after holding your probationary licence for a minimum of a full licence holder sitting beside the driver) three years with a good driving record, you can then be issued with a full driver licence. not touch or use voice controls on a hand-held or mounted mobile phone or other device. If you’re planning on using navigation, or playing or streaming audio material, you’ll need to set it up before driving. For navigation, a safer option is to only use the GPS audio directions and avoid looking at the images on the screen. Simple audio and navigation adjustments may be made using an inbuilt device only when driving. Scrolling, entering numbers and text is not permitted unless parked 22  The 10 steps to getting your licence not tow a caravan, trailer or another vehicle (unless for P2 probationary licence work and at the request of your employer, or for driving In addition to obeying the rules that apply to all drivers, when solely in connection with agriculture, horticulture, dairying, you are driving on a P2 probationary licence, you must: pastoral or commercial fishing or under supervision of a display green P plates on the front and rear of your full licence holder who is authorised to drive that vehicle, vehicle (plates measuring approximately 150 mm square and is sitting beside the driver) bearing a white letter P on a green background) and not carry more than one passenger aged between must be clearly visible from a distance of 20 metres 16 and less than 22 years (unless exempt). Automatic exemptions exist for carrying immediate family carry your probationary licence (or valid paper receipt) members, when you’re with a fully licensed supervising with you at all times driver (as is the case for learner drivers) or for driving have less than five demerit points in twelve months an emergency vehicle have a good driving record to progress to a full driver drive only a vehicle fitted with an automatic transmission licence – if you don’t, your P2 licence will be extended if you passed the drive test in a vehicle fitted with an not touch or use voice controls on a hand-held or automatic transmission mounted mobile phone or other device. If you’re have less than five demerit points in twelve months planning on using navigation, or playing or streaming have a good driving record to progress to a P2 licence – audio material you’ll need to set it up before driving. if you don’t, your P1 licence will be extended. For navigation, a safer option is to only use the GPS audio directions and avoid looking at the images on the Tip screen. Simple audio and navigation adjustments may be For more information about Probationary prohibited made using an inbuilt device only when driving. Scrolling, vehicles (PPV) or other probationary restrictions, visit entering numbers and text is not permitted unless parked the VicRoads website vicroads.vic.gov.au. have a zero blood alcohol concentration (BAC) (see Alcohol on pages 71-75) 23  The 10 steps to getting your licence not drive a probationary prohibited vehicle (unless you are driving the vehicle during working hours at the request Probationary prohibited vehicles (PPV) of your employer or have been granted a written exemption When you have a P1 or P2 licence, you cannot by VicRoads) drive a probationary prohibited vehicle. drive only a vehicle fitted with an automatic transmission if you passed a drive test in a vehicle fitted with an A vehicle is considered 'probationary prohibited' automatic transmission. if it has: a power to mass ratio of greater than 130 kilowatts per tonne, or an engine that has been modified to increase performance (other than a modification made by the manufacturer in the course of the vehicle's manufacture), or been declared a PPV by a notice published in the Victorian Government Gazette. You can apply to be exempted from this restriction if it would cause you undue hardship. Visit vicroads.vic.gov.au for more information. 24  The 10 steps to getting your licence Step 10 - Receive your full driver licence Language options Before your P2 probationary licence expires, you will be sent a notice to renew it. You will need to take the renewal When you sit for your learner permit test or your notice to any photo point listed at vicroads.vic.gov.au, probationary licence test, the road law questions pay the renewal fee and be photographed. You will then and the Hazard Perception Test are available in some languages, please check vicroads.vic.gov.au be issued with a full driver licence paper receipt and your for the current list. licence card will be sent to you in the mail. If you speak a language or dialect that is not on this You must have a good driving record to graduate from a list, you can have an interpreter present during the P2 licence to a full driver licence. If you do not have a good test. If you are hearing impaired, you can ask to record, you might have to remain on your P2 licence for have an Auslan or sign language interpreter present. longer than three years. Interpreters are provided free of charge. When you book your test, let the VicRoads officer know you If you do not receive a renewal notice, it is still your responsibility need an interpreter. to renew your licence by the expiry date. Free Licence Scheme The Free Licence Scheme rewards Victoria’s most responsible young drivers. If you are under 25 and have completed your entire P1 and P2 probationary periods and have a good driving record, you may be eligible for a free three year driver licence. To check the rules for eligibility, go to vicroads.vic.gov.au. 25  Key points The Graduated Licensing System for people who are under 21 years when they apply for a probationary licence. LEARNER PERMIT P1 PROBATIONARY LICENCE P2 PROBATIONARY LICENCE FULL DRIVER LICENCE DRIVER'S MINIMUM AGE 16 years 18 years 19 years 22 years DRIVER'S medically fit medically fit P1 probationary licence held for P2 probationary licence held for ELIGIBILITY evidence of identity evidence of identity a minimum of one year a minimum of 3 years learner permit held continuously (with no licence suspension) (with no licence suspensions) for a minimum of one year medically fit Learner Log Book kept with a minimum of 120 hours supervised driving practice including 20 hours at night ASSESSMENT eyesight test eyesight test good driving record good driving record knowledge test hazard perception test (This test must be passed before the practical driving test can be conducted. This test can be undertaken at the age of 17 years and 11 months) practical driving test CONDITIONS L plates displayed at front & rear RED P plates displayed at front & rear GREEN P plates displayed at front under.05 BAC of vehicle when driving of vehicle when driving & rear of vehicle when driving must carry licence when driving must carry learner permit when driving must carry licence when driving must carry licence when driving if under 26 years of age accompanied by a driver who has zero BAC zero BAC must not use a hand-held device a full car licence (non probationary) no mobile device use, hands-free or no mobile device use, hands-free while driving, no use of messaging, zero BAC hand-held, (including voice commands), or hand-held, (including voice social media, movies/TV, video no mobile device use, hands-free except for navigation and to play or stream commands), except for navigation games and calls, photos, emails and or hand-held, (including voice audio material if set up before driving and to play or stream audio material other moving images. Entering text, commands), except for navigation probationary prohibited vehicle restriction if set up before driving numbers and scrolling is banned. and to play or stream audio material no towing a caravan or trailer probationary prohibited vehicle if set up before driving (unless for work or if under instruction) restriction no towing a caravan or trailer not carry more than one passenger aged if tested in an automatic vehicle, drives a car only (not a bus, truck between 16 and under 22 years of age only drives a vehicle with automatic or motorcycle) if tested in an automatic vehicle, only transmission drives a vehicle with automatic transmission DURATION L 10 years P 1 year (P1) P 3 years (P2) 3 years or 10 years 26  Key points The Graduated Licensing System for people who are 21 years and older when they apply for a probationary licence. LEARNER PERMIT P2 PROBATIONARY LICENCE FULL DRIVER LICENCE DRIVER'S MINIMUM AGE 16 years 21 years 24 years DRIVER'S ELIGIBILITY medically fit medically fit probationary licence held for a minimum evidence of identity evidence of identity of 3 years (with no licence suspensions) learner permit held continously for a minimum of 6 months if 21 to 24 years, or 3 months if 25 years or over ASSESSMENT eyesight test eyesight test good driving record knowledge test hazard perception test (this test must be passed before the practical driving test can be conducted) practical driving test CONDITIONS L plates displayed at front & rear of vehicle GREEN P plates displayed at front & rear under.05 BAC when driving of vehicle when driving must carry licence when driving if under must carry learner permit when driving must carry licence when driving 26 years of age accompanied by a driver who has a full car zero BAC must not use a hand-held device while driving, licence (non probationary) probationary prohibited vehicle restriction no use of messaging, social media, movies/TV, zero BAC if tested in an automatic vehicle, only drives video games and calls, photos, emails and no mobile device use, hands-free or hand-held, a vehicle with automatic transmission other moving images. Entering text, numbers (including voice commands), except for no mobile device use, hands-free or hand-held, and scrolling is banned. navigation and to play or stream audio material (including voice commands), except for if set up before driving navigation and to play or stream audio material no towing a caravan or trailer if set up before driving drives a car only (not a bus, truck or motorcycle) DURATION L 10 years P 3 years (P2) 3 years or 10 years 27  Key points The risk of being killed or injured in a crash is much higher during the first few months and years of driving than it is later on. Victoria’s Graduated Licensing System (GLS) aims to reduce this risk. New drivers are introduced to driving progressively. This ensures they can move through the learner permit and the P1 and P2 probationary licence stages to earn their full driver licence without being exposed to challenging driving situations before they are ready. The conditions of the GLS for those aged under 21 years when they apply for a probationary licence are on page 26. The conditions for those aged 21 years or over when they apply for a probationary licence are on page 27. Fact The rules for drivers vary from state to state. You should contact the Interstate Transport Authority to check if additional rules apply. 28  The challenges of driving Driving is not that easy 32 Some facts about new solo drivers 34 The challenges of driving 29  The challenges of driving Learner Driver P1 Probationary P2 Probationary Fully Licensed Driver 1 yr min. Driver 1 yr Driver 3 yrs 1200 L P P Number of Victorian drivers in casualty crashes 1000 over a six year period (2015 to 2020) 800 600 400 200 0 1 year Obtain 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years P Licence Years after issue of permit/licence 30  The challenges of driving This graph shows how driver safety changes with experience. Your risk of crashing will slowly decrease for many years The periods with the highest line on the graph are the times of after you get your licence (see also graph below). greatest crash risk. You can see that learners do not have many crashes, and that the number of crashes jumps up to very high levels as soon as people first get their probationary licence. It then decreases slowly over the next few years. The graph shows four important things: You are relatively safe as a learner driver with a supervising driver to help you. This is why Victoria has a long learner driver period and a 120 hour requirement. This is the best time to learn the skills you need to be a safer driver The highest crash risk is associated with new P plate drivers. When you start to drive on your probationary licence you will have the highest risk of crashing that you will ever have as a driver. This is why Victoria has special requirements for new drivers and a Graduated Licensing System (GLS) Your crash risk will go down over the first few years of driving experience, but you will still have a relatively high risk of crashing for those first few years. This is why Victoria has a four-year probationary period for most new drivers 31  The challenges of driving Driving is not that easy Even a common driving task like turning right at an intersection is complicated: Driving is complicated. Safe drivers have to handle many different challenges, such as: As you approach the intersection you will need to start different traffic conditions – from light traffic in local slowing down at the right time, drive at a safe speed streets to heavy peak hour traffic on busy highways and decide whether you’ll need to stop completely rural and country roads You will need to be aware of other road users. Cars around you might change lanes or stop suddenly and extremes in weather – rain, fog or icy conditions there may be pedestrians about to cross the road different driving manoeuvres in busy traffic – driving in If you change lanes you will need to choose a safe gap roundabouts, changing lanes or turning at different types between other cars. You will need to use your mirrors, of intersections do head checks, change gears if necessary and use poor visibility – night driving or sun glare when driving turn indicators at the right times at dawn or dusk As you make the turn you need to be aware of potential unexpected actions of other road users – stopping hazards like oncoming cars and other road users around quickly, merging or turning without warning, or the intersection. Choosing a safe gap in oncoming traffic pedestrians rushing onto the road without looking is a significant challenge for new drivers. different types of roads – freeways, divided and undivided The best time to gain experience with these driving challenges highways, main roads, gravel roads or roads with trams is when you are a learner driver and you have a supervising bad road surfaces – potholes, gravel or slippery surfaces driver with you. any of these challenges when there are distractions inside the car – radio, passengers, mobile phones or other electronic devices. 32 The challenges of driving 33  The challenges of driving Some facts about new solo driving These crashes occur because new drivers sometimes make mistakes. They: New solo drivers are more likely to be involved in: misjudge gaps in traffic crashes that involve losing control and driving off the road, most often on straight sections of road drive too fast for the conditions crashes at an intersection when turning right in front of drive too close to other cars an oncoming vehicle are slower at recognising potential hazards crashes at an intersection where they are hit by a right are easily distracted turning vehicle do not look further ahead than the car in front of them crashes into the rear of another vehicle where the new sometimes take risks. solo driver is often in the vehicle that hits the car in front. These mistakes are not due to poor car control skills. They See diagrams on the next page. relate to poor responses to the road environment and other drivers. New drivers concentrate too much on car control skills rather than observing what is happening around them. Definition New solo drivers have a high risk of crashing because they A head check means looking over your shoulder to see don’t have as much experience as other drivers. Getting at things through the rear side windows – but don’t take least 120 hours of experience as a learner in many different driving situations is the best thing you can do to reduce your your eyes off the road ahead for more than a second. crash risk. 34  The challenges of driving Common crash types for novice Slow down before entering intersections and look out for and young drivers vehicles turning across your Travel at speeds suitable for path traffic conditions and the road Don’t change lanes near environment P intersections P Slow right down on unfamiliar Make eye contact with other roads and areas drivers Don’t go beyond your own Don’t assume another driver driving skills or your car’s fig 3. Hit by a right turning will give way to you. fig 1. Single vehicle crash limits. vehicle Reduce speed and slow down Increase following distances before entering intersections Reduce speed P Wait for a safe gap before Travel at speeds suitable for turning traffic conditions. P Make eye contact with other drivers If you can’t see if any traffic is fig 2. Turning right at an coming – WAIT! intersection fig 4. Rear end 35 36  Learning to drive Hazard perception 39 Practice is the best way 41 Your supervising driver is there to help 43 Put variety into your driving practice 44 Getting confident 45 Checking your progress 46 Learning to drive 37  Learning to drive The more you do something, the better you get. This is true in everything people do. Whether it’s sport, music, work, or anything else - practice and experience lead to better skills. Research shows that new solo drivers with about 120 hours of learner driver experience have a crash risk that is 30% lower than new drivers with only about 50 hours of experience. This is why the minimum requirement for young learners in Victoria is 120 hours of driving experience. It will take many years of driving experience, however, to develop the skills needed to drive safely. It’s not enough just to practice. Skilled sports people and musicians plan and structure their practice and they make sure they practice the key skills that will enable them to perform at a high level. For learner drivers this means you should plan your practice and experience by using information in the Learner Kit, and you should focus on practising the safe driving skills that will make you a safer driver. 38  Learning to drive Hazard perception Potential hazards can be the vehicles around you, such as: Anticipating potential hazards and risky situations is known the cars in front, behind and beside you as hazard perception. You will only develop good hazard the motorcycle in the side street to your left perception skills if you have lots of driving practice in many the truck double-parked up ahead different driving situations. the train that will cross the road you’re driving on. Definition Pedestrians and bicycle riders can also present potential hazards. Hazard perception is the ability to: Other hazards include: identify possible risks or dangers around you weather conditions assess the level of risk and predict what might potholes in the road happen traffic conditions respond in a way and in time to avoid or deal with the tightness of a curve ahead these potential hazards. over a hill where you can’t see what is on the other side. Hazards can be anything in the road environment that could Hazard perception is not the same as reaction time. Young present a danger or a risk while driving. New drivers often drivers usually have good reaction times but poor hazard don’t see or anticipate the potential hazards around them, perception skills. Reaction time is important – but your ability or see them too late. to anticipate potential hazards is much more important. 39  Learning to drive Potential hazards can be anywhere, so you can’t rely on just You can only see in these blind spots by moving your head looking ahead and using your mirrors. There are blind spots and quickly looking over your shoulder – this is called a around your car regardless of how well you set up your rear head check (see head check definition, page 34). Do this as view mirrors. These are areas behind the driver that can’t be well as using mirrors to make sure you see everything around seen using only mirrors, such as outside the rear door on you when reversing, changing lanes, merging or pulling out the driver’s side. to overtake. Definition To scan means taking in the road scene around you by looking ahead, to the sides and in rear view mirrors. BLIND SPOT BLIND SPOT As a driver, knowing exactly what is happening around you at all times is essential. Learn to constantly scan and you will be in a better position to anticipate hazards and respond in the best way. fig 5. Be aware of your blind spots 40  Learning to drive Tip Practice is the best way Every driving practice session helps. You will need to do head checks and use your mirrors Your performance will get smoother to check for hazards around your car. You will make better decisions Adjust your mirrors after you have positioned the You will get better at anticipating what might happen driver’s seat so that you can see clearly. When around you. adjusted correctly there will be an overlap between The right structure for your practice will help you make the view from your outside and inside mirrors. sure you are ready to drive solo by the time you go for your probationary licence test. fig 6. The Learner Kit has a four stage plan for learning to drive. Adjust your outside mirrors so This is the best way to make sure you get the right sort that they just catch a view of of practice all through the learner period. You will get the the edge of the car. In some Learner Kit when you obtain your learner permit. cars, a good guide is to be able to see the rear door Check out the online resource, Lessons from the Road, handle in the bottom corner of for supervising drivers. It is designed to help supervising the side mirror. drivers support their learner driver. It features an online mentor who guides the viewer through eight short videos with tips and advice about the supervisor’s role. You may also find it worthwhile, as it will help you to assist your parent(s) to step into the role of your supervisor. Visit vicroads.vic.gov.au. 41  Learning to drive The four stages in the Learner Kit are: Stage 1 is all about controlling your car. It is the shortest stage, and aims to get you to start, stop and steer safely in a quiet area without traffic Stage 2 is about applying your new car-control skills and looking out for other road users on quiet roads with little traffic Stage 3 takes longer and uses your Stage 1 and 2 skills on busier roads and in more difficult driving situations. You learn to deal with traffic and other hazards to become safe in varied driving situations Stage 4 can be the longest stage. It involves driving as if you are a solo driver. You still have your Ls on the car and a supervising driver beside you, but you’ll make most of the driving decisions yourself. The aim is to build up lots of different experiences where you act like a solo driver. Then when you drive on the road on your own you’ll be ready to make the right decisions. The Guide for Learners and the Guide for Supervising Drivers contain detailed advice about what you and your supervising driver need to do in each of these four stages. They also include checklists and information about how to know when you are ready to move from one stage to the next one. 42  Learning to drive Your supervising driver is there to help You and your supervising driver will have to work together to: Driving takes much more effort in the beginning, when you plan driving sessions using the four stage plan are learning – that is why you have your supervising driver keep track of your progress beside you. They don’t take the place of professional driving keep your Learner Log Book up to date and signed instructors, but supervising drivers such as your parents can decide when you are ready to move to the next stage provide the extensive practice opportunities you need. They keep motivated to keep practising all the way through are there to help you: the learner period. with an extra pair of eyes to watch the road The role of your supervising driver will gradually change as with some decisions you progress through the four stages of learning to drive. as an early warning system – to help anticipate potential You will take more responsibility for your driving and your hazards. supervising driver will do less. You will need a close partnership with your supervising driver Don’t forget to tell your supervising driver about Lessons to make sure you have plenty of opportunities to practice. You from the Road, the online resource for supervising drivers can help your supervising driver by making sure they read the at vicroads.vic.gov.au. This will help them in their coaching Guide for Supervising Drivers that you will get as part of the role as your supervising driver. Learner Kit when you pass the learner permit test. 43  Learning to drive Put variety into your driving practice You will be a safer driver if you have lots of different experiences as a learner, and you will have less trouble Over the learner period, you need to practise driving in a passing the Drive Test. broad range of different conditions, such as at night, in wet weather, peak and off-peak traffic, on roads with different Take every opportunity to practise for 10, 20, 30 minutes, speed zones and on sealed and gravel roads. You need to or an hour. Frequent short drives are far more valuable than get this broad driving experience while you have the support a few long drives. At the start of the learner period, shorter of your supervising driver. more frequent practice sessions are more productive and less stressful for both the learner and the supervising driver. Tip In Stage 4 you can offer to drive for everyday activities such You don’t want to attempt to drive in difficult situations as going to the shops, schools or other family activities. for the first time when you’re a probationary driver Becoming the family chauffeur is an easy way to increase your regular driving practice. without the help of a supervising driver. Use the Learner Kit to help you decide what sort of driving you should be doing. You will get a broad range of driving experiences if you build your learner period around the four stages in the Learner Kit. You should use the information you record in your Learner Log Book to keep track of your hours and type of practice, and the Guide for Learners can help you decide when you should start practising in different road types and driving conditions. 44  Learning to drive Getting confident Visual scanning: New drivers tend to look mostly to the front of the car, and not very far ahead of themselves. As you progress with practice you may think you are picking As you get more experience you will find it easier to scan things up quickly. to the sides of the car, to use your mirrors and scan Practice will build your confidence as a safe driver and this is further ahead. Experience will help you develop a good a good thing. But don’t become overconfident! awareness of what’s happening all around you You will see early signs of improvement in your driving – this Identifying and responding to risks: You need to have tends to be mainly in controlling the car. What may have a lot of driving experience before you can identify risks or seemed difficult or impossible the very first time – such as just potential hazards. Your experience in many different driving turning left – seems simple after a few lessons or a few hours situations helps you learn how to recognise a potential behind the wheel. hazard and respond to risky situations – your experience is the best teacher. You will be able to draw on your This can be misleading. There is more to driving than just car experience to respond quickly to potential hazards control. There are many skills you need to develop to be a Making decisions: Drivers have to make many quick safer driver. You can only develop most of these skills if you decisions while driving, such as deciding when to slow have as much practice as possible in many different driving down and by how much, when to accelerate, what speed situations. The main skills are: is best for different conditions, when to change lanes or Car control: This includes steering, braking, using overtake. New drivers have to think about these decisions pedals, buttons and other controls. These skills usually and cannot make them as quickly as experienced drivers. come quickly, but there is much more to safe driving. Lots of experience in different driving situations helps you to make many driving decisions more quickly – giving you more time to concentrate on safe driving. 45  Learning to drive Tip Checking your progress The Learner Kit tells you the best way to check on your If your brakes fail: progress. It has checklists for each stage of driving that pump on the brake pedal hard and fast you and your supervising driver can use to decide when you are ready to move onto the next stage. apply the handbrake carefully so the vehicle You will notice that your driving improves in some important doesn’t skid areas: if possible, change to a lower gear (even in an As you become more experienced you will find your automatic vehicle) and use your horn to alert driving changes from clunky and jerky to smooth and other drivers fluid movements. Your speed control will shift from ‘on or off’ to ‘ease on and ease off’ try to steer the vehicle so that you avoid a severe You will notice over time that your driving becomes much collision. more consistent. You will make fewer and fewer mistakes like wandering in your lane You will get better at low speed actions like reversing the car in a driveway and driving into and out of angled parking bays You will get better at anticipating potential hazards and your supervising driver will not have to point things out to you as often You will rely less on advice and suggestions from your