Driver's Guide PDF

1 Licensing Information  You are not permitted to have more Graduated driver passengers than seat belts. licensing You will be suspended if you accumulate Regardless of age, all new d...

1 Licensing Information  You are not permitted to have more Graduated driver passengers than seat belts. licensing You will be suspended if you accumulate Regardless of age, all new drivers are eight or more demerit points. part of the Graduated Driver Licensing You must have a zero alcohol and/ (GDL) program. This program ensures or drug level when driving (or riding a new drivers get the support, skills, and motorcycle). experience they need to handle the complex task of driving. GDL improves Stage 2: GDL Probationary road safety by creating a safe and (Class 5-GDL) controlled environment for all new drivers. To become a probationary driver you must: As a GDL driver, you will hold one of the ❑ hold your Class 7 leaner’s licence for a following driver’s licences: year (this time will be extended if you Stage One: Class 7 receive a suspension of your driving (Learner’s Licence) privileges) Stage Two: Class 5-GDL ❑ be 16 years of age or older (Probationary Licence) ❑ pass the Alberta Class 5 road test. The following information highlights the key features of the Learner and Probationary conditions: Probationary stages of the GDL program. You must be a probationary driver for a minimum of two years. Stage 1: Learner (Class 7) You must have no more passengers To obtain a Class 7 learner’s licence you than seat belts. must: You will be suspended if you ❑ be 14 years of age or older accumulate eight or more demerit ❑ pass a vision screening points. You must have a zero alcohol and/or ❑ pass a knowledge test on the rules drug level when driving. of the road You are not able to re-class your licence ❑ have parental consent if you are to a commercial driver’s licence under 18 years of age (Class 1, 2, 3, or 4). ❑ have valid identification. You cannot serve as a supervising driver to a learner. Learner’s conditions: You must hold a learner’s licence (Class 7) for at least one year. You must be accompanied by a fully- licensed (non-GDL) driver who is 18 years of age or older and is seated next to you. You are not permitted to drive from midnight to 5 a.m. 10 Driver’s Guide Stage 3: Full Class 5 Knowledge test (non-GDL) To obtain your learner’s licence, you will To exit the GDL program you must: need to pass a knowledge test. You can ❑ be at least 18 years of age take your knowledge test at most Alberta registry agent offices. The test is based ❑ be in the probationary stage for on questions taken from this guide. You a minimum of two years will be asked about safe driving practices, ❑ be free of suspensions or traffic driving laws, and road signs. The test violations within the last 12 months of is a series of multiple choice questions the probationary stage, including zero and you must score a certain number of alcohol and/or drug level when driving. correct responses to pass the test. You will do the test on a computer. You can reduce your probationary stage by up to six months, if: When you pass the knowledge test you must take the knowledge test permit you you successfully complete an purchased to do the test to a registry approved driver training course agent to ensure your driver’s licence is resulting in a condition code (U) being updated. added to your driving record all other eligibility requirements are The Class 7 electronic driver knowledge met. test is available in the following 25 languages: Upon exiting the GDL program, you will: move from a Class 5-GDL to a full Amharic Portuguese Class 5 driver’s licence Arabic Punjabi qualify to re-class to a Class 1, 2, 3, or Chinese (Simplified) Russian 4 driver’s licence Chinese (Traditional) Somali increase the number of demerits you Cree Spanish are allowed Dutch Tagalog remove the zero alcohol and drug English Thai tolerance condition Farsi Ukrainian be able to be an accompanying driver French Urdu to a learner. German Vietnamese Hindi Italian Korean Oromo Polish There is a fee for each knowledge test that you take, and you can take only one test per day. Chapter 1 Licensing Information 11  The vehicle for your road test must be in Vision requirements acceptable working condition and must A vision assessment is required before have the following: you are eligible to obtain an Alberta driver’s licence. If you do not meet the a valid licence plate and insurance vision standards, you will be referred to headlights, brake lights, and signal an optometrist or an ophthalmologist to lights have a Vision Referral form completed. horn If you have corrective glasses or contact speedometer lenses, bring them with you for your brakes/park brake vision assessment. unobstructed windshield/wipers tires are in good condition Class 5 road test driver and passenger doors Class 5 is the most commonly held vehicle seats/seat belts driver’s licence, allowing drivers to exhaust system/muffler operate cars and other light vehicles. mirrors Passing the Class 5 road test allows enough fuel for a road test. drivers to move from a Class 7 learner’s The test will include identifying and licence to a Class 5-GDL driver’s licence. operating your vehicle’s controls. This test determines whether a learner This includes: has developed the necessary driving skills handling the vehicle (steering, braking, such as safe vehicle handling, judgement, and speed control) and knowledge of the rules of the road to become a Class 5-GDL selecting the proper lane for turns probationary driver. observing and obeying speed zones determining right-of-way at When you pass the Class 5 road test intersections and while changing lanes you must take the road test permit you purchased to do the test to a registry demonstrating knowledge and skill at agent to ensure your driver’s licence is intersections with and without sign and updated. The road test permit is not a signal controls driver’s licence. interacting with other road users in a non-obstructive manner This road test is approximately 45 minutes. This will include the driver parking – perpendicular, uphill, or examiner’s pre-test instructions and downhill parking, and parallel (drivers summary of your results. You will be over 65 are not required to complete a required to demonstrate the ability to parallel park). operate your vehicle safely without supervision while interacting with other road users. 12 Driver’s Guide Some common reasons for not Types of vehicles for passing the road test Drivers earn points for mistakes made licence class during a road test, with a set limit for each test. If the maximum points for errors Class 7 (GDL) are exceeded, the driver fails the test. A person 14 years of age or older may Regardless of point totals, the following apply for a learner driver’s licence. actions result in automatic failure: A parent or guardian must give consent Exceeding the speed limit or driving on the application if the person applying too fast for the conditions. is under 18 years of age. For learning and while accompanied by a fullly-licensed Failing to stop completely before driver, the holder of a Class 7 driver’s proceeding through an intersection licence may operate the following: controlled by a stop sign, or before turning right on a red light. a vehicle or vehicle-trailer combination Failing to yield the right-of-way at an that the holder of a Class 5 driver’s intersection or during a lane change. licence may operate Obstructing traffic by driving too a motorcycle (must be 16 years of slowly or stopping unnecessarily. age or older when learning with a supervisor who holds a Class 6 Climbing over the curb while parking, non-GDL licence) or being unable to park legally in three attempts. a moped. Failing to slow or observe adequately Class 5-GDL at uncontrolled intersections The minimum licensing age is 16 years. (you must be prepared to yield to drivers to your right). Anyone under the age of 18 years applying for a driver’s licence must have To update your driver’s licence after parental or guardian consent. passing a road test, take the road test permit to a registry agent. The road test The holder of a Class 5-GDL driver’s permit is not a driver’s licence. licence may operate the following: a vehicle or vehicle-trailer combination that the holder of a Class 5 driver’s licence may operate. Class 5 non-GDL The minimum licensing age is 18 years. The holder of a Class 5 non-GDL driver’s licence may operate the following: a vehicle or vehicle-trailer combination that the holder of a Class 5 driver’s licence may operate. Chapter 1 Licensing Information 13 Vehicles that may be operated with a Class 5 driver’s licence: For hire, driver’s a vehicle with only two axles licence requirements a recreational vehicle with not more A Class 4 driver’s licence is required when than three axles the vehicle owner or operator, or the operator’s employer, is being paid for the a vehicle with only two axles while that service that the vehicle is being used to vehicle is towing a trailer with one or provide. more axles, and is not equipped with air brakes A Class 4 driver’s licence is NOT required a recreational vehicle with only two when the vehicle owner or operator, or axles while that vehicle is towing a the operator’s employer, drives a private trailer with one or more axles, and the passenger vehicle for the transportation trailer is not equipped with air brakes of passengers on an incidental or occasional basis and receives a recreational vehicle with three axles compensation for: while that vehicle is towing a trailer that has one or two axles and is not payment for the kilometres travelled equipped with air brakes straight reimbursement for out-of- a moped pocket expenses directly related all motor vehicles included under to the transportation such as gas, Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 for learning. The parking, gate passes and tolls, or learner must be at least 18 years of when the vehicle operator is party to age and have a supervisor with a valid an agreement to provide transportation driver’s licence for the type of vehicle for compensation only to: a motorcycle (for learning with a · the operator’s family members supervisor who holds a Class 6 · members of the operator’s non-GDL licence). household The holder of a Class 5 driver’s licence · persons for whom the operator is a shall not operate: legal guardian. a motorcycle (unless for learning) a vehicle with a seating capacity of more than 15 while that vehicle is transporting any person other than the driver a vehicle transporting passengers for hire a vehicle equipped with air brakes, unless the supervisor has an air brake endorsement. 14 Driver’s Guide Air brake through the online scheduling system. More information on road tests is endorsement (Q) available online at: www.alberta.ca/drivers- When a person successfully completes road-test.aspx an approved Alberta air brake course through an authorized agency, an air brake endorsement (Q) will be placed on Driver’s licence that driver’s licence. A driver’s licence is required to operate An air brake endorsement is required for a motor vehicle and is issued pursuant drivers of vehicles with: to the Traffic Safety Act. A person shall not drive a motor vehicle on a highway an air-only braking system, or unless that person’s driver’s licence is a combination of air and hydraulic in that person’s possession. On the braking system. request of a peace officer, a person More information on the air brake course driving a motor vehicle shall produce their is available online at: www.alberta.ca/air- subsisting driver’s licence, insurance, and brake-program.aspx registration. Ensure that these documents are with you every time you operate a motor vehicle. Driver examiner Driver examiners are responsible for ensuring only qualified individuals receive Applying for your a driver’s licence. Road tests must be Alberta driver’s conducted only by persons designated by the Government of Alberta as driver licence examiners. Driver licensing services are provided Registry agent offices are the primary through the Alberta registry sites for road tests to begin and end. agent network. On a road test, no passengers or pets When applying for an Alberta driver’s are allowed. An exemption to this is licence you must provide identification. when an examiner is accompanied by a For information on identification government official during a training or requirements visit: www.alberta.ca/id- monitoring session. requirements-for-identification-cards.aspx Class 4, 5, and 6 road tests are A driver’s licence may only be issued to delivered by licensed driver examiners residents of Alberta. A resident through Alberta registry agents on is a person lawfully entitled to be in behalf of the Government of Alberta. Canada, who makes their home in Alberta Licensed driver examiners are trained, and is ordinarily present in Alberta. licensed, monitored, and audited by the government. Road tests can be scheduled through an Alberta registry agent. Class 1, 2, and 3 commercial road tests are conducted by Government of Alberta driver examiners and can be scheduled through an Alberta registry agent or online Chapter 1 Licensing Information 15 Applicants originating from outside Applicants for Class 1, 2, or 4 licences Canada or the United States must must provide a medical report and pass a produce suitable immigration documents vision screening. to be considered as residents. For more information on exchanging a licence from another province, visit: www. Parental consent requirement alberta.ca/exchange-non-alberta-licences. Minors (under 18) applying for a driver’s aspx licence for the first time must have a parent or legal guardian accompany From the United States them to a registry office, show proof of Licence holders from the United States, guardianship, and sign a consent form. other than those holding Class 5, 6, or 7, The guardian has the right to revoke their must complete all requirements. consent in writing until the minor turns 18. If revoked, the licence will be suspended. You must present proof-of-residency A parent/guardian signature is not needed documents when applying. For details, if the minor provides proof of marriage or inquire at your local registry agent office. self-support. Jurisdictions with reciprocal licensing agreements Non-Alberta Alberta currently has reciprocal licensing licenCe for tourists agreements with the following jurisdictions: Australia (Class 5 and 6) and visitors Austria (Class 5) Visitors to Alberta with a valid out-of- province licence or permit for a specific Belgium (Class 5) vehicle class are allowed to drive the France (Class 5) same class of vehicle in Alberta without Germany (Class 5) obtaining a local licence for up to one Isle of Man (Class 5 and 6) year. Japan (Class 5) Netherlands (Class 5) New Alberta residents Republic of Ireland (Class 5 and 6) From other places in Canada Republic of Korea (Class 5) New Alberta residents may use their out- Switzerland (Class 5 and 6) of-province driver’s licence for the first 90 Taiwan (Class 5) days of residency. They must apply for an United Kingdom (Northern Ireland – Alberta driver’s licence and surrender their Class 5 and 6) out-of-province licence within those 90 United Kingdom (England, Scotland, days. It is illegal to hold more than one and Wales – Class 5). driver’s licence. A valid licence from a jurisdiction that Depending on the class of licence, driver’s has a reciprocal licensing agreement with licence equivalency restrictions may apply Alberta can be exchanged for a Class 5 to individuals exchanging a driver’s licence licence when the applicant presents a from another jurisdiction within Canada. valid licence of equivalent class. 16 Driver’s Guide All other licence classes require testing and vision screening. The applicants Medical requirements must disclose all medical conditions and It is your responsibility and legal obligation physical disabilities that may affect their to disclose any medical or physical ability to safely operate a motor vehicle. condition that may interfere with the safe All applicants must produce immigration operation of a motor vehicle. If you have a and residency documentation along medical or physical condition, you will be with acceptable identification. required to provide a completed Medical Examination for Motor Vehicle Operators form. Medical examination forms can be Jurisdictions without reciprocal obtained from an Alberta registry agent licensing agreements office, your doctor, or a nurse practitioner. A person coming to Alberta from outside Your doctor or a nurse practitioner Canada may apply to have their previous must complete this form. The medical driving history credited to their Alberta examination form must be returned to an driving record. A successful application Alberta registry agent office. will grant exemption from the GDL program and allow for Class 5 road A person 75 years of age or older, testing without being required to hold who applies for a driver’s licence, or is a Class 7 learner’s licence for one year. renewing their existing driver’s licence, More information about the process must provide a Medical Examination for for exchanging a licence from a non- Motor Vehicle Operators form, and have reciprocal jurisdiction is available at any their vision assessed at an Alberta registry registry agent office. agent office. The Medical Examination for Motor Vehicle Operators form must be Students completed and signed by A student is not required to obtain an a physician or a nurse practitioner. Alberta driver’s licence when operating a You may be requested to provide a motor vehicle if the following apply: medical report, regardless of your age, to The student is authorized to operate determine your medical fitness to operate a motor vehicle of the same type or a motor vehicle. class by the laws of the jurisdiction in The basic road test may be requested, which the student ordinarily resides. for any driver, if there are concerns about The documents required by the laws their medical fitness. of the jurisdiction where the student ordinarily resides are carried by the student or are in the vehicle. The student must carry proof showing that they are a full-time student in this province. Chapter 1 Licensing Information 17 Driver’s Licence Classes Each condition or endorsement corresponds to a letter code which 1, 2, or 4 may be shown on the driver’s licence. A person who applies for, or renews, Conditions and endorsements specific to a Class 1, 2, or 4 driver’s licence must you are placed on the front of the licence, provide a completed Medical Examination in the Cond/End section. Some of the for Motor Vehicle Operators form. This condition codes and endorsements have will be required every five years to age 45, an explanation on the back of the driver’s then every two years until the age of 65, licence. and annually thereafter. Driver licence condition codes: A. Adequate Lenses Condition codes B. Special Conditions and endorsements C. Periodic Medical* Condition codes D. Periodic Vision Report* A condition code may be added to E. Periodic Driver Examination* a driver’s licence to indicate special requirements. For example, all drivers F. Valid Temporary Licence must meet specific vision requirements to G. Temporary Resident operate a vehicle. If you require glasses or contact lenses to improve your vision H. Daylight Driving Only to meet these standards, you will have J. Outside Mirrors a condition code on your driver’s licence K. Automatic Transmission indicating this requirement. Some drivers may require a medical examination by L. Hand Controls a doctor or a nurse practitioner, which M. Under Transportation and would also be indicated by a condition Economic Corridors Review* code. N. Excludes Class 2 and 4 In more extreme situations, a change in a person’s situation can make it impossible P Testing to be conducted by Provincial Examiner only* to safely operate a vehicle. These situations are not common, but do mean T Special Medical* that the person is not able to be licensed to operate a vehicle. Driver licence endorsements: Q Air Brakes Endorsement codes An endorsement code on a driver’s S School Bus licence shows that the person has had V Extended Length Vehicle specific education or training, such as Combinations completing a novice driver education U Completed Driver course or a course specific to operating Education Course* a school bus. An endorsement may also indicate that the person is permitted to drive a vehicle that has a specific feature, *Do not appear on the driver’s licence such as a vehicle with air brakes. 18 Driver’s Guide Re-classing your Renewing your licence Alberta driver’s When re-classing your driver’s licence (excluding Class 7 to Class 5), you must licence The Government of Alberta has stopped present proof that you have completed a mailing out reminders about driver’s knowledge test and vision test through a licences and vehicle registration. registry agent office. Albertans with disabilities will continue to Re-classing your driver’s licence from receive reminders in the mail. Albertans your current class to a Class 1, 2, or 4 can sign up for electronic reminders licence will also require a medical report. by visiting E-registry or MyAlberta and See the medical requirements section for signing up for free reminders. It is your more information. responsibility to renew your driver’s A fee is charged for each knowledge test, licence on or before the expiry date. road test, and for the final licence re- classification service. Updating your Alberta For information knowledge test fee, visit: www.alberta.ca/drivers-knowledge-test.aspx driver’s licence To change the information on your driver’s For information on road test fee, visit: licence, such as your name, address, www.alberta.ca/drivers-road-test.aspx. or licence class, visit an Alberta registry Driving with the wrong licence class is agent office. against the law. It is an offence for vehicle owners to allow their vehicle to be used You are required by law to ensure the by someone who does not have the information on your licence is current and proper class of licence for that vehicle. accurate. You may be required to provide proper identification before any change, replacement, or renewal can be made. Replacing your To replace, renew, or update your Alberta Alberta driver’s driver’s licence, contact a registry agent by visiting: https://www.alberta.ca/lookup/ licence find-a-registry-agent.aspx If your driver’s licence is lost, stolen, destroyed, or is unreadable, you must apply for a replacement immediately at a registry agent office. If your driver’s licence is stolen, you must report it to the police, and provide a copy of the police report to the registry agent when you apply for your replacement. Chapter 1 Licensing Information 19 Registration and insurance Registration Motor vehicles and trailers travelling on Alberta roadways must be registered. Registration certificates cannot be issued to anyone under the age of 18 years, unless the application for registration is also signed by a parent or guardian. A parent or guardian has the right to withdraw consent in writing at any time. If consent is withdrawn, the licence plate and vehicle registration will be suspended. The signature of your parent or guardian is not required if you can prove you are married or self-supporting. In Alberta, licence plates remain with the owner of the vehicle and are not transferable to another person. A vehicle owner must register their vehicle within three months of moving to Alberta. Insurance requirements All motor vehicles must be insured with a public liability insurance policy as outlined in the Alberta Insurance Act. It is illegal to operate an uninsured motor vehicle. Your insurance company issues a financial responsibility card (pink card) which must be presented when registering a vehicle and when requested by a peace officer. 20 Driver’s Guide 2 Traffic Control  Unless a sign prohibits the turn, the Traffic control signals only left turn permitted at a red light is Traffic control signals are lights that use onto a one-way street from a one-way the colours green, yellow, and red to street. This turn is only permitted after control the flow of traffic at intersections the vehicle is brought to a complete stop or where roadways merge. The colour of before the stop line or crosswalk, and if the light determines which stream of traffic the turn can be made safely after yielding has the right-of-way. The traffic control to other traffic. signal may be vertical or horizontal. Solid yellow light: The order of lights for a horizontal traffic When a green light changes to yellow, it control signal is red warns that the light will change to red on the left, yellow in immediately and drivers must prepare to The order of lights the centre, and for a vertical traffic stop or clear the intersection. Drivers green on the right. control signal is red approaching an intersection with a solid at the top, yellow (not flashing) yellow traffic control light in the centre, and must bring their vehicles to a complete green at the bottom. stop before the stop line or crosswalk, unless a point has been reached at the Solid red light: intersection where stopping cannot be done safely. If there is no stop line or crosswalk, vehicles must stop before the intersection. Drivers facing a traffic control signal Drivers already in the intersection displaying a solid red light must bring their and facing a yellow light must safely clear vehicles to a complete stop before the the intersection. stop line or crosswalk that is directly in front of the vehicle. If there is no stop line Solid green light: or crosswalk, drivers must stop before the intersection. Vehicles must remain stopped at the red light until it turns green, unless safely turning right after stopping. Drivers facing a solid green traffic control A solid double red light has the same light are permitted to travel through the meaning as a single red light. intersection without stopping, unless required to yield to oncoming traffic when Turning right at a red light is permitted turning left or to pedestrians in the provided that there is no sign prohibiting crosswalk when turning right or left. the turn. Before making the turn the vehicle must come to a complete When approaching a green light, stop before the stop line or crosswalk. anticipate that it will turn yellow. A Complete the turn when it is safe to do so “stale” green light means the light has while yielding to any other traffic. been green for a while and will turn yellow soon. A good tip is to check the 22 Driver’s Guide pedestrian walk light at the intersection. If Flashing yellow light: it shows the “WALK” symbol, the light will stay green. If it shows the “DON’T WALK” symbol, be ready to stop. If the traffic light does change, the driver must stop before the intersection if it can be done safely. Drivers facing a flashing yellow traffic control light may proceed with caution Green arrow with green light: after yielding to pedestrians and other vehicles within the intersection. Flashing green light: Drivers facing a traffic control light with a green arrow and solid green traffic control light may enter the intersection and proceed without yielding in the direction Drivers facing a flashing green traffic indicated by the arrow. Drivers facing the control light are permitted to go through, green light may also proceed in the other turn left or turn right without stopping. directions when it is safe and legal. Opposing traffic will be facing a red light; however a driver must still yield to Green arrow with red light: pedestrians or other vehicles lawfully in the intersection. Drivers facing a traffic control light with a Pedestrian signals green arrow and a red control light may and signs enter the intersection and proceed Drivers must understand pedestrian without stopping only in the direction control lights so they can anticipate indicated by the arrow. the actions of those sharing the road. Pedestrians facing a traffic control signal Flashing red light: where a word or symbol indicating “WALK” is displayed, may enter the crosswalk or roadway when it is safe, and proceed in that direction. Drivers facing a flashing red traffic control A pedestrian facing a traffic signal where light must stop before the stop line or a word or symbol indicates “DON’T crosswalk. If there is no stop line or WALK” must not enter the crosswalk or crosswalk, drivers must stop before the roadway. Pedestrians who have begun intersection. Drivers should proceed only crossing when the word or symbol when it is safe and after yielding the appears may continue crossing and clear right-of way. The flashing red light is the crosswalk. Some pedestrian signals treated like a stop sign. include a countdown timer to show how When the lights in all directions are much time remains before the flashing red the intersection becomes a light changes. four-way stop. Chapter 2 Traffic Control 23  Solid red light. Do not enter the intersection. Solid yellow light. Clear the intersection if already crossing, or do not enter the intersection. Solid green light. Proceed across Pedestrian signal Pedestrian signal indicating “DON’T the road within any marked or indicating “WALK” WALK” or “WAIT” unmarked crosswalk. Pedestrians should check for vehicles Yellow lights on a sign with a symbol before starting to cross. indicate that caution is required because of school zones or areas, playground zones or areas, school crossings, and Lane reversal signals pedestrian crossings. When the yellow Lane reversal signals are used to control lights are flashing, the driver must reduce the direction of traffic on specific lanes of speed to a maximum of 30 km/h and a roadway. A common use of this control yield or stop for pedestrians. is reversible lanes that change the flow of traffic during different times of the day. The signal(s) over one or more lanes Pedestrian crossing change between a red X and a signs with yellow lights. green arrow. Solid red X: Pedestrian crossing signs without yellow lights. When a red X is displayed over a driving lane, the driver does not enter or remain in that lane. This signal indicates that the lane is being used by oncoming traffic. Special crosswalk Move safely into a lane with a overhead sign. green arrow. Downward pointing green arrow: At intersections with traffic control signals, but without pedestrian “WALK” and “DON’T WALK” signals, pedestrians must obey the rules for the colour of light they are facing. A driver facing the downward pointing green arrow is permitted to travel in that lane. 24 Driver’s Guide  Action or activity within circle is permitted. Green circle on white background Square shape Regulatory message such as speed limit. Regulatory message on white background Vehicle moving from red X lane to green arrow lane. Rectangle shape Sign shapes and colours Indicates school zone/area. The word or symbol on traffic regulation signs tell the driver what can or cannot Fluorescent yellow be done at a specific location or time, green background and provide information. The shape and colour will vary depending on the type Pentagon shape of message. Traffic regulation signs include those that show right-of-way and road access Indicates lane control. that is permitted or prohibited. They also show control of speed, turns, direction White message on of travel, passing, traffic lanes, parking, black background and crosswalks. Square shape Action or activity within the circle is not permitted. Provides construction area information. Red circle and slash on white background Information or picture Square shape on orange background Diamond shape Chapter 2 Traffic Control 25 Provides information such as Yield: distance to destination. Yield the right-of-way to traffic not facing White message on the sign and to all pedestrians waiting to green background cross and within the crosswalk Rectangle shape or intersection. Indicates place for fuel, food, lodging, or assistance. White message on blue background Square shape Wrong way: Indicates traffic is moving in an oncoming direction. Indicates transportation services such as air port, ferry, etc. Information or pictures on green background Square shape Do not enter: Indicates caution or warning of hazard displayed on sign. Information or pictures on yellow background Diamond shape Railway crossing: Traffic regulatory signs Stop: Come to a complete stop and do not Do not stop on tracks: proceed until safe. 26 Driver’s Guide Traffic direction signs Unless otherwise posted: 100 km/h is the maximum speed Proceed in direction limit on a provincial highway located of arrow only: outside an urban area. 80 km/h is the maximum speed limit on a provincial highway located inside a corporate limit of a city. 80 km/h is the maximum speed Two way traffic: limit on a roadway that is located outside an urban area. A provincial highway is identified by either a single-digit, two-digit or three-digit Divider ahead – keep right: highway route marker. A local road generally would not have a route marker but could be identified by a name, such as Irricana Road, a township road, such as TWP RD 52, or a range road, such as RGE RD 252. 50 km/h is the maximum speed limit on a roadway that is located within an urban area, unless otherwise Speed limit signs posted. Speed limits do not indicate the Note: Municipalities may have bylaws maximum speed drivers should travel. on speed limits that place maximum They are the maximum speed permitted limits different than the information when conditions are ideal. Any speed presented here. Be aware of local laws that is unsafe for the current conditions and pay attention to all signage and is illegal. posted speed limits. Speed limit signs are in kilometres per hour (km/h). Chapter 2 Traffic Control 27  Left lane turn left, Left lane turn Designated lane signs right lane straight left, right lane The message or symbol on these signs or turn left: straight: indicates the direction(s) a vehicle must travel in the lane. Right turn: Left turn: Left lane turn left, centre lane Straight or Straight or straight, right right turn: left turn: lane straight Roundabout or turn right: dual lane: Straight Left turn only: lane control: Indicated lanes are reserved for specific vehicles such as buses, taxis, and bicycles. The symbol on the sign will identify the vehicles permitted to travel in this lane. Reserved lanes may operate at all times or only some of the time. Single lane roundabout: Reserved lanes that operate only some of the time will show the hours of the day and the days of the week when the lane is reserved. Some intersections allow more than one vehicle travelling in the same direction to turn at the same time. Maintain your lane position during and after the turn. Dual right turn: Dual left turn: 28 Driver’s Guide Permissive signs Prohibitive signs Permission signs are a green circle The symbol prohibiting an action is a red on a white square. The action within circle and diagonal red bar on a white the green circle is permitted. square. The action within the red circle is not permitted. Turn left only: No left turn: No right turn: Turn right only: No U-turn: Do not pass: Straight only: Do not pass bicycles: Dangerous Motorized goods: snow vehicles: Trucks: Bicycles: Passing permitted: Chapter 2 Traffic Control 29 No No motorized No parking on the days and times pedestrians: snow vehicles: shown: No trucks: No bicycles: No stopping on the days and times shown: No dangerous goods: Parking and stopping not permitted: School zones The arrow under the symbol indicates where the action indicated on the sign and areas is not permitted. School zone: When you approach a school sign with a maximum speed posted with it, you are entering a school zone. You must not exceed the posted speed when the zone is in effect. The times that the school zone is in effect are on school days only and are as follows: 8:00 a.m. – 9:30 a.m. 11:30 a.m. – 1:30 p.m. 3:00 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. 30 Driver’s Guide These hours may vary for different towns School crosswalk: and cities according to municipal bylaws. This sign alerts drivers to watch If a municipality does establish times for pedestrians. different from these, the times will be posted beneath the school sign. You are not permitted to pass or attempt to pass another vehicle travelling in the TO same direction within a school zone, when the zone is in effect. The speed limit for both urban and rural school zones is 30 km/h unless otherwise posted. School zone ends: Playground zones and A school zone ends where a traffic areas sign indicates: Playground zone: 1. a higher maximum speed, or 2. the end of the school zone. When you approach a playground sign with a maximum speed sign attached to it, you are entering a playground zone. You must not exceed the posted speed, School area: when the zone is in effect. When you approach a school sign without a speed sign attached to it, you Playground restrictions are in effect are entering a school area. This sign is to every day from 8:30 a.m. to one hour alert drivers that children may be walking after sunset. or crossing the road and you must use These hours may vary for different towns caution when driving through the and cities according to municipal bylaws. school area. If a municipality does establish times different from these, the times will be posted beneath the playground sign. You are not permitted to pass or attempt to pass another vehicle travelling in the same direction within a playground zone when the speed restriction is in effect. The speed limit for both urban and rural playground zones, when the times are in effect, is 30 km/h unless otherwise posted. Chapter 2 Traffic Control 31 Playground zone ends: It is illegal for any vehicle to park or stop in a parking stall reserved for persons with disabilities unless the vehicle has an identifying parking placard or licence plate. The application for a parking placard for persons with disabilities can be found at www.alberta.ca/get-parking-placard-people- A playground zone ends where a traffic disabilities.aspx or by contacting a registry sign indicates: agent or family doctor. 1. a higher maximum speed, or 2. the end of the playground zone. TTY capabilities Playground area: This sign indicates pay phones that have a TTY (teletypewriter) that assists people who are hearing or speech-impaired to use telephone networks. When you approach a playground sign without a speed limit sign attached to it, you are entering a playground area. This sign is to alert drivers that children may be near and you must use caution when Warning signs driving through the playground area. Warning signs give drivers advance notice of actions required, or potentially hazardous conditions on or near a road. Parking services Some of these signs warn of: for persons a traffic regulation, such as stop or yield with disabilities features or physical conditions of the road hazards that may require a driver to respond. This sign indicates parking for persons with disabilities. These parking spaces ensure that persons with disabilities have safe access to goods and services. 32 Driver’s Guide Traffic regulations: Turn or curve ahead: Stop ahead Yield ahead Sharp turn right Curves right Traffic control School bus Sharp turn left Road curves left signals ahead stop ahead Stop at traffic lights ahead when yellow lights flashing: Road turns left/right Winding road This warning sign is placed in advance of some intersections with traffic control signals. When the yellow lights are flashing, drivers approaching the intersection must prepare to stop because the traffic control signal light will be turning from green to yellow or yellow Recommended maximum to red, or is currently red. speed through this curve under ideal driving conditions Chapter 2 Traffic Control 33 Crossings ahead: T intersection T intersection Pedestrian crossing Animal crossing Railway crossing Trucks entering Moose crossing Bicycle crossing from right School crosswalk Motorized snow Dead end Roundabout vehicles crossing Roadways ahead that join: Intersections ahead: Merging traffic Hidden road right Hidden road left Roadways ahead side-by-side but do not join: Hidden road Y intersection Free flow (added lane) 34 Driver’s Guide Narrow roadways ahead: Pavement ends Slippery when wet Road narrows Narrow passage both sides Hazard marker Hazard marker Bridge object on right object on left Ices Left lane narrows Right lane narrows to right to left Rumble strips Falling rock Left lane ends Right lane ends Divided highway: Chevron sign indicates a sharp bend in the road Shared-use: Divided highway Divided highway begins ends Changing road conditions: SINGLE LINE Warns motorists to Warns that cyclists are provide space for allowed full use of the Hill Bump cyclists lane ahead and that the lane is too narrow for side-by-side driving Chapter 2 Traffic Control 35  Off-road services and facilities: Information and Signs for off-road facilities indicate guide signs availability and direction to the services Information and guide signs provide or recreational areas. information about routes, off-road facilities, and geographical features and points of interest. Route markers: Route markers indicate numbers, Hospital Airport names, or other designations of roads. Parking Fuel Highway route marker Highway route marker Electric vehicle Travel information charging Trans-Canada highway Yellowhead highway Bicycle route marker Food Trailer campground Highway information: Destination signs provide direction and distance to a destination. Telephone Accommodation Directional Distance RCMP or city police Combination of direction and distance 36 Driver’s Guide  Construction zones The speed limit in construction zones must be obeyed at all times. This applies even when people and equipment are not working, since hazards such as bumps, fresh oil, and loose gravel may be present. If workers are present, the fines Recreation area ahead in these areas will be doubled. Obey the flag person’s signal. Other signs Be prepared to slow down and stop if required. Slow moving vehicle: A slow-moving vehicle sign is placed on the back of vehicles that travel less than The following are some of the warning 40 km/h, such as farm tractors, signs about road construction: machinery, or construction equipment. This sign warns drivers to be prepared to reduce their speed. People working Flag person Oversized loads: This sign indicates a wide load is being transported. Use caution when passing vehicles displaying this sign. Survey crew ahead Uneven pavement Detour next km Construction zone ends Chapter 2 Traffic Control 37 Pavement markings Markings on the roadway can provide the following information: lane identification separating opposing traffic traffic movement in the same direction traffic movement in the opposite direction Passing safely is permitted across single solid yellow lines within an urban area. In all other passing zones and no passing zones instances, single or double solid yellow lines lane use and designation indicate that passing is not permitted. pedestrian crosswalks stop lines parking areas word or symbol messages. Broken yellow lines indicate that passing is In some cases, pavement markings permitted. Be sure that the lane is clear and are used along with other traffic control the pass can be completed safely. signs or signals. Lane markings Lane markings can be yellow or white, single or double, solid or broken. These A solid yellow line and a broken yellow line lines provide important information about together indicate that a pass is permitted for direction of traffic flow, lane changing, the driver who has the broken line on their lane restrictions, and passing. side of the roadway. Passing is not permitted for the driver with the solid yellow line on their Solid line markings: side of the roadway. Solid lines mean that crossing the solid line to pass or change lanes is not permitted. Broken line markings: Broken lines mean that crossing the broken line to pass or change lanes is permitted. Yellow line markings: Yellow lines mean that vehicles on each side of the yellow line must travel in opposite directions. A yellow line should always be on the driver’s left side. 38 Driver’s Guide White line markings: White lines mean that vehicles on each side of the white line are travelling in the same direction. On a two-way left turn lane, the centre lane Solid white lines indicate that lane changing of the road is shared and reserved for left is not permitted. turning traffic travelling in either direction. Diamond markings: Broken white lines indicate that lane changing Diamond markings indicate that a lane is is permitted. reserved for specific vehicles. There may also be signs that will indicate time or vehicle restrictions. Symbols Symbols may be used on the pavement to supplement standard signs or by themselves to warn drivers, or to regulate or guide traffic. These markings include: Arrows: Arrows indicate the vehicle movements permitted in a lane. Chapter 2 Traffic Control 39 Shared-use lanes Reserved bicycle lane ahead The turning vehicles yield to bicycles sign Bicycle lanes are painted in the curb may appear at conflict zones where drivers lane of the road with bicycle-shaped are required to cross a bicycle lane. stencils and street signage. Bicycle lanes can also be positioned beside a row of X markings: parking spots. Vehicles are not allowed X markings on rural highways indicate to drive in the bicycle lanes, except when the approach to a railway crossing. An needing to turn or enter/exit a parking advanced warning sign will also indicate spot. The bicycle lane paint line is usually the approach to a railway crossing. dashed near corners to indicate that it is permitted to enter the bicycle lane to turn right. Be very careful and watch for bicycles when entering the bicycle lane when turning. Bicycle lane markings Painted island: This lane is reserved for cyclists. It is Painted islands indicate that this area is separated from traffic and parking by not to be used for travel by any road solid white lines and is marked with an users. Motorists can cross painted image of a bicycle and diamond. islands for the purpose of entering or leaving a driveway, alleyway, or private drive. Do not park or stop in this area. The image of a bicycle capped by a pair of arrows guides cyclists and reminds drivers to expect cyclists in the same travel lane. 40 Driver’s Guide Other roadway markings Crosswalks: Crosswalk lines mark pedestrian crosswalks. Crosswalks also exist at intersections even when they are unmarked, unless a sign indicates no crossing. Stop lines indicate where vehicles must stop at intersections or railway crossings. Crosswalk lines Stop line Drivers should not stop in a ‘no stopping zone’ because they may interfere with other vehicles that are turning from one roadway to another. This is usually where large vehicles need extra room to turn. No stopping zone Chapter 2 Traffic Control 41 3 The Basics of Driving  wheel. Many vehicles have a steering Pre-drive basics wheel that can be tilted or moved Walk around your vehicle before entering back and forth. Find a position that is to check for children, pedestrians, and comfortable for you and that does not anything in your vehicle’s path. Check block your view of the instrument panel. your tires for proper inflation, as well as Your elbows should be slightly bent when around and under your vehicle for fluid your hands are properly positioned on leaks and other problems that may affect the steering wheel. Placing your left hand the safe operation of your vehicle. When at about the 9 o’clock position and your you are doing this while parked along a right hand at about the 3 o’clock position roadway, walk in a direction that allows is recommended. (See “Steering” in this you to see traffic coming toward you in chapter for more information.) As well, the lane next to you. your position must allow you to operate After you have completed this check, you the brake pedal and the accelerator. In a will be ready to take your place in standard transmission vehicle, you must the driver’s seat and prepare yourself for also be able to push the clutch pedal all safe driving. the way to the floor. Before driving do the following basic Be sure you can reach all the controls habits in this order: and can relax your arms when you hold the steering wheel. 1 Lock your doors. 2 Adjust your seat and seat back. 3 Adjust your head restraint. 4 Adjust your inside and outside rear view mirrors. 5 Fasten your seat belt. Lock your doors Lock your doors to prevent unwanted persons from opening your door or entering your vehicle. Locking the doors also reduces the possibility of the doors opening if you are involved in a collision. Adjust your seat and seat back Adjust your seat and seat back support properly so that you are at least 25 centimetres (10 inches) away from the steering wheel. This is the distance recommended by Transport Canada. Be sure you can see over the steering 44 Driver’s Guide Adjust your head restraint Fasten your seat belt Use your head restraint correctly. Head Fasten your seat belt and shoulder restraints in the proper position greatly strap correctly. Seat belts save lives and reduce the risk of injuries due to collisions reduce injuries, and provide the greatest and sudden vehicle movements. protection when worn properly. The law requires you to wear your seat belt. If your vehicle has an adjustable head restraint, it should be positioned so Wear the lap belt low and snug over that the centre of the head restraint is your hips. The shoulder belt must fit level with the top of your ears. over your chest and shoulder. If your head restraint tilts, move Do not tuck the shoulder belt behind it forward to decrease the space your back or under your arm. between your head and the restraint. You are still required to wear your seat Less than 10 centimetres (four inches) belt when in a vehicle with air bags. is ideal. Always check that the head restraint for each passenger is adjusted to the correct height. Correct Too low Seat belt use is required by law When you are ready to go, do the following: A properly adjusted head restraint protects the head and neck. Check to be sure your intended path of travel is clear. Adjust your inside and outside Check your inside and outside rear view mirrors. rear view mirrors Set your rear view mirrors in the Do a shoulder check to be sure correct position. your blind spots are clear. If you are moving away from the right side Adjust your inside rear view mirror to of the road, use your left turn signal to show as much behind you as possible indicate that you are entering traffic. If you by having the rear window framed are on the left side of a one-way road, within the mirror. use your right turn signal. In this situation, Adjust the outside rear view mirrors it can be difficult to see traffic clearly from to reduce blind spots. You should be the driver’s seat. able to see your own vehicle in a small portion of the side view mirror closest to the vehicle. Chapter 3 The Basics of Driving 45 Driving a vehicle Neutral To be used when the transmission is in with an automatic a position that no gear is selected. The transmission wheels are not locked, and there is no power to the wheels. This position is A vehicle with an automatic transmission used for towing the vehicle. The vehicle’s allows the driver to select a gear that engine will start in Neutral. enables the transmission to change gears on its own as the speed changes. Drive Automatic transmissions have a lock To be used for normal forward driving. release button or control built into the The transmission will change up gear selector to reduce the possibility and down through the driving gears of shifting incorrectly. The lock release automatically. The vehicle’s engine will provides the following safety features: not start in this gear. It must be used to move the gear selector from Park to Reverse or any Third, Second, and First Gears forward gear while the brake pedal To be used when you require more is pressed. power but less speed and to prevent It must be used to shift the vehicle the transmission from shifting to a from Drive to a lower gear (first or higher gear. These gears may be used second). when going up or down hills and on It must be used to shift into Park from road conditions such as slush, loose any gear. gravel, snow, sand, or ice, where you need more power but less speed. The Refer to your owner’s manual for vehicle’s engine will not start in this gear. more information about the transmission lock release. Overdrive (if equipped) Park To be used for driving at higher speeds. This gear helps to save fuel. Not all To be used when starting the engine and vehicles have this option. The vehicle’s when leaving the vehicle parked. The engine will not start in this gear. Park position locks the transmission, which prevents the wheels from turning. For more information about The vehicle’s engine will start when the gear selection and use, refer to your transmission is in Park. vehicle’s owner’s manual. Reverse To be used when backing or reversing the vehicle. When the vehicle is in reverse gear the white or clear lights at the rear of the vehicle will be lit. The vehicle’s engine will not start in Reverse. 46 Driver’s Guide  should practice using the friction point Driving a vehicle with without the use of the gas pedal. a manual (standard) When driving a manual transmission transmission vehicle, it is important to select the proper gear so that the engine does not lug Shifting gears in a vehicle equipped with (move in rough, bumpy fashion) or race a manual transmission is a skill requiring (rev the engine but not move the car considerable practice. You must operate effectively). The vehicle’s owner’s manual a clutch pedal with your left foot while will provide the approximate speeds at using a gear shift lever with the right hand which you should change gears. to manually select the desired gear. Shifting patterns vary between vehicles When the clutch pedal is pressed as do the number of gears. Your vehicle’s down, the connection between owner’s manual will describe the shifting the transmission and the wheels is pattern for your vehicle. A pattern is disengaged. This prevents the transfer of usually found at the top of the gear engine power to the wheels. The driver shift lever. changes gears when the clutch pedal is pressed down. You can practice moving the gear shift lever, when the vehicle is not running and The clutch pedal is used to connect the clutch pedal is pressed all the way and disconnect the vehicle’s engine and down, into the various gears until you are transmission. When the clutch pedal is sure of the gear locations. You need to be not pressed down, there is a connection able to find each gear without looking at between the engine and transmission, the gear shift when you are driving. and the power of the engine is transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle. When you are driving, be sure to remove your foot from the clutch pedal each When starting the engine of a vehicle time you finish changing to another gear. equipped with a manual transmission, the Leaving your foot on the clutch pedal gear shift lever should be in the neutral unnecessarily is called “riding the clutch” position and the clutch pedal should be and can cause extra wear on the clutch. pressed down completely. When you wish to brake or come to As you begin to release the clutch a stop, do not coast to a stop while pedal by slowly lifting your left foot, the pressing the clutch pedal. Pressing on the connection between the engine and the clutch pedal like this prevents you from transmission will begin to be felt before being able to use the accelerator. the pedal is fully released. The point where this occurs is called the When turning corners, be sure your friction point. vehicle is in the proper gear for the speed of the turn, and that your foot is off the It is at the friction point that you must clutch pedal. slowly release the clutch pedal to prevent the engine from stalling. At the friction Only use the clutch pedal to start point, carefully using the gas pedal with the vehicle, change from one gear to the slow release of the clutch pedal will the next, and just before you stop to help achieve a smooth start. To learn prevent stalling. to use the clutch smoothly, new drivers Chapter 3 The Basics of Driving 47 Steering Hand placements during a right turn: Think of the steering wheel as a clock. To have the best vehicle control, place your left hand at about the 9 o’clock position. Your right hand should be at A B about the 3 o’clock position. If this is not possible due to the design of the steering wheel, place your left hand at about the 10 o’clock position and your right hand at about the 2 o’clock position. When turning a corner, steer using the hand-over-hand method. When returning C D the wheel from a turning position, use the hand-over-hand method. You can also let the steering wheel slide through your hands back into position by loosening your grip slightly, but keeping contact with the steering wheel. E A. Hand position to begin a left or right turn. B. For right turns, the left hand applies turning power. Right hand releases the steering wheel, and moves to the top of the steering wheel. C. Right hand takes new position and applies turning power. D. Left hand releases the steering wheel, and returns to 9 o’clock position. E. Reverse the steps to complete the turn and return the steering wheel to the normal position. Turn completed, return hands to driving position. 48 Driver’s Guide Signalling Accelerating Signal lights and brake lights tell other When you are driving your vehicle, your drivers what you are going to do. ability to control your speed depends on looking where you want to go and using You must use your signal light when the accelerator correctly. Gradually press you are: on the accelerator to move the vehicle, moving away from the curb or and then hold it at the proper position for parking lane the selected speed. This will take some turning left or right practice. Keep the following in mind: changing lanes. Accelerate smoothly. When you apply your brakes, your brake Adjust to the weather, road, and lights are activated to alert other drivers traffic conditions. that you are slowing or stopping. Do not accelerate or reduce speed unnecessarily. Electrical Hand Never exceed the posted speed limit. signals: signals: Do not accelerate so quickly that the vehicle’s tires spin. Drive with the flow of traffic to reduce the risk of being in a collision. Driving too slowly can be a hazard. Glance occasionally at your Left signal Left signal speedometer to check your speed. Stopping time and distance Knowing how much time and distance it Right signal Right signal takes to apply your brakes to completely stop your vehicle can help avoid errors in judgement and help avoid a collision. Three factors determine the time and distance it takes to stop. Slowing or stopping Slowing or stopping Perception time: Perception time is how long it takes to recognize a situation and understand Do not confuse other drivers by signaling that you need to stop. This can take too early or too late. Remember to turn about three-quarters of a second. Drivers off your turn signal light if it does not turn with less experience often take longer off automatically. to realize a danger exists. Perception distance is how far a vehicle travels during this time. Chapter 3 The Basics of Driving 49 Reaction time: Many factors affect your stopping time and distance. These include road and Reaction time is how long it takes to weather conditions. Some factors you respond to a situation by moving your can control are: foot from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal. The average reaction time your visual search skills as you scan is three-quarters of a second. Reaction the roadway ahead distance is how far a vehicle travels your decision-making ability during this time. your alertness and level of fatigue your use of alcohol or drugs Braking time: your vehicle’s speed Braking time is how long it takes a vehicle the condition of your vehicle’s brakes to stop after the brakes are applied. and tires. Braking distance is how far the vehicle travels during this time. Braking Perception distance When stopping, begin braking early. If you brake too late, your braking + Reaction distance distance may not be sufficient. + Braking distance Release pressure on the accelerator before applying the brake to reduce = Total stopping distance your speed. To finish braking smoothly, release The chart below illustrates the minimum pressure on the brake pedal slightly stopping distance for various speeds. and then reapply pressure on the The stopping distances are averages for pedal just before you come to a stop. stopping on smooth, dry pavement. If you must stop quickly, use threshold braking. This is applying the brakes 110 km/h without locking the wheels. This 100 km/h is where braking efficiency is at its maximum while still allowing you to 80 km/h steer your vehicle. If the wheels lock, 50 km/h release your pressure on the brake 30 km/h pedal slightly. Applying the brakes Distance travelled while perceiving the hard enough to lock the wheels will need to stop (based on an average cause a loss of steering control. For perception time of ¾ second) vehicles with anti-lock brakes (ABS), Distance travelled while reacting (based see information in Chapter 6 under on an average reaction time of ¾ second) emergency braking. Distance travelled after brakes applied (under normal road conditions and brake efficiency) 50 Driver’s Guide Reversing Note: The front of the vehicle will All reversing must be done at a crawl or move in the opposite direction from slow walking speed. Before reversing, the direction the rear of the vehicle is look behind the vehicle and only drive in moving. reverse when your path is clear of traffic, pedestrians, and obstacles. Before reversing out of a driveway, walk around Other tips for reversing: the vehicle and check for possible dangers behind the vehicle. When reversing out of a driveway, steer your vehicle into the nearest To reverse in a straight line, traffic lane and then go forward. Do do the following: not reverse into a second traffic lane. Place your left hand at the top of It is illegal to move your vehicle the steering wheel and shift slightly in reverse into an intersection or onto your right hip. For support, place a crosswalk. your right hand on the back of the If you see white reverse lights on a passenger seat. vehicle, be aware that it may move Look over your right shoulder through backwards. These lights show that the the rear window. Reverse slowly while vehicle is in reverse gear. covering the brake pedal. Glance to the front to be sure that the front of the vehicle does not contact anything. To correct your steering, turn the steering wheel no more than a quarter turn in the same direction that you want the rear of your vehicle to go. When reversing to the left or right, do the following: Use both hands on the steering wheel at about 9 o’clock and 3 o’clock if you need to turn more than one-half turn. To reverse to the left, look over your left shoulder with frequent glances to the front. To reverse to the right, look over your right shoulder with frequent glances to the front. Turn the steering wheel in the direction you want the rear of the vehicle to go. Chapter 3 The Basics of Driving 51 Parking Reverse straight very slowly (crawl Parking requires good control of the speed) about one-half metre (one and a vehicle, accurate judgement, and steering half feet). While still moving slowly, steer skill. The next three sections will explain sharply to the right until your vehicle is different types of parking. at about a 45-degree angle to the curb. Continue to look in the direction you are moving while glancing to the front. Your Parallel parking steering wheel should now be in line This type of parking may seem difficult at with the rear bumper of vehicle B. first and will require practice. To park in a space between two vehicles at the right- side curb, follow the steps illustrated. Note the position of the front tires (in red). When approaching your intended parallel parking space, check behind you for traffic. Gradually apply your While reversing very slowly, straighten brakes well in advance of the parking your front wheels and continue reversing until the right corner of your space to begin slowing. Your brake lights alert other drivers of your intent to front bumper is in line with the rear stop. Determine if the parking space is bumper of vehicle B. Be careful not to make contact with this vehicle. large enough for your vehicle. Stop when the rear bumper of your Turn the wheel sharply to the left. vehicle (vehicle A) is in line with the Continue to look in the direction you rear bumper of vehicle B. Your vehicle are moving while glancing to the front. should be parallel with vehicle B, with Reverse until your vehicle is parallel with about one metre (three feet) of space the curb. Be careful not to make contact between the two vehicles. Place your with the bumper of the vehicle behind vehicle in reverse gear. Look over your you. The law requires that the wheels of right shoulder and behind you to make the parked vehicle not be more than 50 sure nothing is there and the space is centimetres from the curb. still available. 52 Driver’s Guide When you are leaving a parallel park Angle parking position with a vehicle parked in front of Angle parking is most often used in you, do the following: parking lots. The spaces may be on an Check all mirrors to see if it is safe to angle of approximately 45 degrees to the leave the parking location