Risk Management and Assessment PDF

Question : What is Risk ?Management :Definition Risk analysis and risk management involve understanding and managing risks in a systematic.way It’s about anticipating what might not go according to plan and taking actions to reduce.uncertainty to a tolerable level Question : What is Risk...

Question : What is Risk ?Management :Definition Risk analysis and risk management involve understanding and managing risks in a systematic.way It’s about anticipating what might not go according to plan and taking actions to reduce.uncertainty to a tolerable level Question : What is Risk ?Management Definition: Risks can be perceived either positively (as upside opportunities) or negatively.(as downside threats) :Risk Identification Working with the risk owner, project professionals ensure that risks are clearly.identified  Question : What is Risk ?Management A risk register is used to document risks, analysis,.and responses, assigning clear ownership of actions :Risk Analysis Risk analysis provides guidance on where.vulnerabilities lie It involves describing risk events clearly, separating.causes, risk events, and effects Question : What is Risk ?Management Effective risk analysis helps understand the probability of achieving project goals and informs.decision-making :Contingency Planning Contingency planning involves setting aside time.or resources to address risks :Contingency Planning Contingency planning involves setting aside time.or resources to address risks Unused contingency may result from.overestimation or efficient risk management Insufficient contingency may result from optimistic estimation or inefficient risk.management Benefits of Risk Management Protects reputation, minimizes losses, encourages.innovation, and supports growth Enables organizations to navigate uncertainties.effectively Remember, risk management is about balancing the potential for both positive and negative outcomes, ensuring projects and organizations thrive in an ever-.changing landscape  Risk Risk Assessment Assessment One of the tools that we use in the workplace to make it safer is Risk Assessment.  In Life We do a risk without thinking about it, example: when we are crossing the road, we check how wide the road is, what level of traffic there is and how fast it is approaching, then decide if it is safe to cross. The problem with this approach is that we all have very different ideas as to when it is safe to cross the road – so people.take chances and sometimes get hurt  In The Workplace It is exactly the same, we all have our opinion as to what is or is not a safe practice, which is why we need to formalize the whole process. Additionally, by writing it down, we have a permanent record to allow us to both prove we have done it and also to.see as an aid to training new staff  Risk Risk Assessment Assessment A risk assessment is nothing more than a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm. The aim is to make sure that no one get hurt or becomes ill. Accidents and ill health can ruin lives, and affect your business too if output is lost, machinery is damaged. Every employer should make a suitable :and sufficient assessment of a) The risk to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst at work; and b) The risk to the health and safety of person not in his employment arising out of or in connection with his work.activities This is necessary in order to be able to identify the measures necessary to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under health and safety law. There is a similar requirement on the self- employed. The employer should record the significant findings of the assessment. This shall be recorded in writing or by some other means, e.g. electronically, as.long as it can be retrieved A risk assessment may be defined as an identification of the hazards present in an undertaking, and an estimate of the extent of the risk involved, taking into account whatever precautions already being taken are reasonably.practicable Radiation Work )7( Source of Hazards )1(  :Machine and Facilities - Shape, Location, Strength, Stability, Weight, Pressure, Temperature, Safety Devices, Control System, Motion (vertical, lateral, reciprocation, revolution, cutting, lifting, turning, bending, irregular motion, etc.) Working Environment /Condition - High, Low/Deep, Small/narrow area, Confined Spaces, Congested Work Location, Unstable, Wet, Steep, Unsafe Surfaces, Poor Housekeeping, Poor Illumination, Oxygen Deficiency, Dust Particles, Toxic Gases, Combustible/explosive.Gases etc  Electrical Hazards - Poor Insulation, Substandard Materials, Static Electricity, Short Circuit, Poor Grounding, Over-.load, Hot line Work, etc  Thermal Hazards - Hot/Cold Surfaces.Heat Radiation, etc  Noise Hazards - ,Extra High/Low Frequency ,Large Volume Interference with speech communication  Vibration Hazards - ,Long time use ,High Frequency ,Amplitude Inadequate Shock Absorbing Devices  Radiation Hazards - ,Ultra Violet/Infrared lays ,X-rays ,У-rays ,α-rays β-rays  Material and Substance - ,Inflammable Material, Toxic/Detrimental Material ,Corrosive Material Mold/Microbe/Bacteria/Virus  Ergonomics Hazards - ,Inadequate Posture ,Excessive Efforts ,Stress ,Inexperienced/Poor Skill ,Misuse/Abuse ,Illusion Human -errors  Disasters - ,Typhoon ,Floods ,Earthquakes Lightning Classification of Accidents and )2( Incidents Falls from height -- - Trip/Stumbling - Crash - Hit by falling objects - Collapsed or Destruction - Hit by objects - Trapped - Abrasion/Cut - Foot puncture/collapse of floor (such as roofing slates) - Drown - Burn or Frostbite Dangerous Environment -- - Electric Shock - Explosion - Bursting - Fire - Road Traffic Accidents - Other Traffic Accidents - Unaccustomed or abrupt movement - Occupational Disease There There are are different different approaches, approaches, which which can can be be deployed, and deployed, and below below isis the the ““5 STEPS STEPSTO TORISKRISK 5 ::ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT””APPROACH APPROACH How to assess the risk in your workplace Look for the hazards Decide who might be harmed and how Evaluate the risk and decide whether the existing precautions are adequate or whether more should be done. Record your finding Review your assessment and revise if necessary  Step.1 Look for the Hazards If you are doing the assessment yourself, walk around your workplace and look afresh at what could reasonably be expected to cause harm. Manufacturers instructions or data sheets can also help you spot hazards and put risk in their true perspective.  Step. 2 Decide who might be harmed and how Your workers, Trainees who may be at particular work. Cleaners, visitors, contractors, maintenance workers who may not be in the workplace all the time. Members of the public, or people you share your workplace with, if there is a chance they could be hurt by your activities.  Step 3 – Evaluate the risk and decide whether existing precautions are adequate or more should be done Consider how likely it is that each hazards could cause harm. This will determine whether or not you need to do more to reduce the risk. Even after all precautions have been taken, some risk usually remains. What you have to decide for each significant hazard is whether this remaining risk is high, medium, or low. Ask yourself that the provided precautions can keep your work place safe or not? If no, add more precautions which may safe your workers from possible accidents. Ask yourself : -; Can I get rid of the hazards? If not, how can I control the risk so that harm is unlikely.  Step 4 Record your Findings Keep written record of your findings and share to the workers to not repeat the same in future. Step 5 – Review your assessment and revise it if necessary You should review your assessment frequently considering of new equipment, substances and procedures which could lead to new hazards. If there is any significant change, add to the assessment to take account of the new hazard. It is good practice to review your assessment from time to time to make sure that the precautions are still working effectively.  Definitions The terms “hazard” and “risk” are frequently used in ?health and safety, but what to do they mean  HAZARD Is the potential of a substance, piece of plant or process to cause harm (consequence)  RISK The likelihood that the hazard will affect.you  RISK = SEVERITY X PROBABILITY In other words risk is a function of the probability (likelihood) of that harm actually occurring, and the.severity (consequence) of the outcome The extend of the risk should also take into account the number and type of people likely to be exposed to the.harm  Suitable and Sufficient :A risk assessment shall be “suitable and sufficient” if.It identifies all significant risks arising from the work - It enables the employer, (or self-employed person), to identify and - prioritize the measures which need to be taken to comply with relevant statutory provisions, and It is appropriate to the nature of the work -.and remains valid over a reasonable period of time -  ?What is significant risk Risk is the likelihood of an unwanted event occurring and the severity of potential loss. However it is not always clear how the probability and severity of risk can be combined in an objective fashion, and methodological difficulties of this kind mean that in practice even systematic risk assessment contain an element of subjectivity and ambiguity. Risk rating is an attempt to try and make the identification of significant risk easier, but risk rating is not a legal.requirement  Who conducts the risk assessment (competent person) By a competent person, who is someone who has sufficient training and experience, or knowledge and other qualities to enable them to assist the employer in complying with the requirement to conduct suitable and sufficient risk assessments. Such a person would be required to conduct.risk assessments  Rating risk In carrying out risk assessment the starting point must be identification of the hazards and a clear understanding of the associated risk in any operation in order to assess the effectiveness of existing or proposed control measures. Making decisions on the control measures that are going to be adopted for any of these assessments will have to show that the risk of any one coming to harm has been eliminated or at least minimized. The effect of control measures can only be assessed if the inherent risk in ,carrying out the activity has been identified  :For example Falling when working at heights. This is identifying occurrences that might cause harm if no precaution are taken. Any risk is based on balancing :two factors the likelihood of - something going wrong the severity of the - outcome  The risk then has to ,be rated as high medium or low. In , giving a rating both likelihood and severity have to be.taken into account Clearly any occurrence with a high possibility of happening and likely to cause death, major injury or condition known to lead to long term health problems should be rated as a.high risk Events with reasonably high probability of occurring and causing serious harm can be rated as a high or medium.risk Where there is the possibility minor injury or limited exposure to harmful conditions, but occurrences have a high possibility of occurring, the risk should be rated as medium. In some circumstances the rating may even be high if a large number of people are exposed to the occurrence, especially if it is over a.long period of time  RISK EVALUATION Every risk shall be evaluated with the combination of the severity and the probability of occurrence of.accidents/incidents  Severity Factor (SF) of Injury/Illness & Loss of )1( Damage SF Description Fatality, Permanent Disability or Loss of major parts of body, or Loss of 8 Property Damage or Other Losses Exceeding $100,000 Serious Injury or Illness (Lost Days: 30 days or more), or Property Damage 6.or Other Losses of more than $10, 000 but not exceeding $100,000 Major Injury or Illness (Lost Days: less than 30 days and 4 days or more), or 4 Property Damage or Other Losses of more than $1,000 but not exceeding.$10,000 Minor Injury or Illness (Lost Days: less than 4 days 1 day or more), or 2.Damage Property or Other Losses of less than $1,000 No Lost Time Injury or Illness, including First-Aid Cases or No Property Damage but including Near 1.Misses Probability Factor (PF) of Accidents or Incidents )2( PF Description 5 Extremely High (Regular Occurrence) 4 Highly Probable (Frequent Occurrence) 3 Probable (Occasional Occurrence) 2 Rare (Possible Occurrence) 1 Very Rare (Improbable Occurrence)  Risk Evaluation Points Evaluation Points are calculated by multiplying of Severity Factors and Probability Factors, and Risk Classification is judged by the Evaluation.Points  Probability Factor 5 4 3 2 1 8 Severity Factor 6 4 2 1 Risk Assessment Matrix Evaluation Points 20 - 40 High risk: Immediately stop the work methods and/or.unsafe conditions 12 - 19 Medium risk: Improve the work methods and/or unsafe.conditions, as soon as possible 5 - 11 Low risk: Rectify work methods and/or unsafe condition if possible, or implement training,.safety, and display warning signs 1-4 Negligible: Provide warning signs and safety talks Risk Classification Table RISK RATING ACTION & TIMESCALE Trivial No action is required to deal with trivial risk and no )1(.Documentary records need be kept (insignificant risk) No further preventive action is necessary but consideration Acceptable should be given to cost-effective solution or improvements )4( that impose minimal or no additional cost burden. Monitoring.is required to ensure that the controls are maintained Effort should be made to reduce the risk but the cost of Moderate prevention should carefully measured and limited. Risk reduction )5 - 11( ,measures should normally be implemented within 3 to 6 months.depending on the number of people exposed to the hazard.Work should not be started until the risk has been reduced Considerable resources may have to be allocated to reduce the Substantial risk. Where the risk involves work in progress, the problem )12 - 19( should be remedied as quickly as possible & certainly within.to 3 months 1 Work should not be started or continued until the risk level has been reduced. While the control measures should be cost-effec Intolerable tive, the legal duty to reduce the Risk is absolute. This means )20 - 40( that if it is not possible to reduce the risk, even with unlimited resources, then the work must not be started, or must remained.prohibited Risk Control/Reduction Measures According to the risk classification, risk control or.risk reduction measures shall be established Risk Reduction Measures are :based on  Enforcement Safety Management )1( ,Training - Enforcement of Supervision - ,.Information/Safety sign boards, Barricades, etc - ,Communication: Safety Talk or Tool Box Meeting - ,Inspection and Monitoring - ,.Permit To Work System, etc -  Reinforcement )2( Reinforce structures and/or facilities with structural - ,.reinforcing, etc  Elimination )3( Eliminate hazard or hazardous condition with providing - ,.safe work floor and accesses, etc  Reduction )4( Reduce or rectify hazards and/or hazardous according to -.safety inspection and corrective action  Isolation )5( Isolate hazardous materials/equipment from personnel - ,exposure with barrier or enclosure Isolate unconcerned workers from hazardous location - ,with barricades  Substitution )6( Substitute material or work manner with safer material or - ,.work manner such as dress-up method, module method, etc  Relocation )7( Relocate hazardous material and/or equipment to - ,eliminate exposure to the hazards  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) )8( ,Specify PPE to be used - Wear and use proper PPE -  Risk Assessment Sheet Form _____________:Work Title Page ( 1 / ) Probability Factor Evaluation Points Severity Factors Probability Factor :Abbreviation 5 4 3 2 1 High risk 20 – 40 Fatality, Permanent Disability :8 Extremely High :5 E.P.: Evaluation Points 8 S.: Severity Factor 6 Severity Factor Medium risk 12 – 19 Serious injury (LD ≥ 30 days) :6 Highly Probable :4 4 Low risk 5 – 11 Major injury (30›LD ≥ 4 days) :4 Probable :3 P.: Probability Factor 2 1 Negligible 1 - 4 Minor injury (4›LD ≥ 1 day) :2 Rare :2 T.: Total Points.Risk E. P Target Work Item Risk foreseen during Work Risk Reduction Measures.E.P SXP=T SXP=T Crane/Rigging.1 Serious injury and/or property )1 - Commence work submission and acknow )1 Work Damaged caused by overturn ,ledgement of application of crane operation.of a crane X 3 = 24 8 X2=42 Lifting of concrete- Extend fully outriggers and place steel - piles.plates under the pedestals Inspect sling wire and lifting gears, prior - - Handling of Re - Falling of lifted materials )2 X 3 = 18 6.to use X2=42 bars or Form Select proper sling wires (dimension, length) - Shoring Materials Assign a signalman and a sling man with an arm -.strap for identification Ensure sling work in proper manner (prohibit - )single strapping Furnish barricades to refuse unauthorized - , entry ,Never anyone come into under lifted loads - Confirm safety and balance when leaving - ,materials from the ground Prohibit work while strong winds -  Don’t Forget the Seven Rules on Safety.DO EVERYTHING TO BE DONE )1(.DON’T ATTEMP ANYTHING NOT TO BE DONE )2( NEVER NEGLECT OR SKIP THE REGULATIONS, RULES AND )3(.THE PROPER WORK PROCEDURE.KEEP SHARP EYE ON UNSAFE OR HARMFUL CONDITION )4( NEVER HESITATE TO NOTICE HIM OR THEM WHO ARE )5(.VIOLATING SAFE PRACTICES COMPLY OBEDIENTLY WITH THE INSTRUCTION, NOTICE, )6(.ETC., BY OTHERS TALK AMONG THE WORK CREW AT TOOL BOX MEETING ON )7( POTENTIAL HAZARDS FORESEEN DURING THE WORK AND ON.MEASURES TO PREVENT THEM  Don’t Forget the Seven Rules on Safety.DO EVERYTHING TO BE DONE )1(.DON’T ATTEMP ANYTHING NOT TO BE DONE )2( NEVER NEGLECT OR SKIP THE REGULATIONS, RULES )3(.AND THE PROPER WORK PROCEDURE KEEP SHARP EYE ON UNSAFE OR HARMFUL )4(.CONDITION NEVER HESITATE TO NOTICE HIM OR THEM WHO ARE )5(.VIOLATING SAFE PRACTICES COMPLY OBEDIENTLY WITH THE INSTRUCTION, )6(.NOTICE, ETC., BY OTHERS TALK AMONG THE WORK CREW AT TOOL BOX )7( MEETING ON POTENTIAL HAZARDS FORESEEN DURING.THE WORK AND ON MEASURES TO PREVENT THEM !!!GOODLUCK