Risk Assessment Techniques PDF

Risk Assessment Techniques By: Dr.Marwa Elkamel  Risk? Risk is usually defined as the combination of the severity and probability of an event. In other words, how often can it happen and how bad is it when it does happen  Risk is a function of likelihood an...

Risk Assessment Techniques By: Dr.Marwa Elkamel  Risk? Risk is usually defined as the combination of the severity and probability of an event. In other words, how often can it happen and how bad is it when it does happen  Risk is a function of likelihood and consequence. Likelihood is the chance that the hazard might occur. Since the risk of any hazard is dependent upon the chance that it will occur (likelihood), and the impact of an occurrence (consequence). Risk Score Risk Score = (Probability x Exposure) x Consequence The values used for likelihood, consequence, exposure or probability need to be agreed to by the risk assessment team. Likelihood Consequences  RISK EVALUATION Risk can be evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively. Risk = Frequency × Consequence of hazard Risk analysis is the development of quantitative estimate of risk based on engineering evaluation and mathematical techniques for combining estimates of incident consequences and frequencies Risk Assessment Matrix A Risk Matrix is not a Risk Assessment Process or Risk Assessment Methodology but a Visual Risk Dashboard which assists with Decision Making. Risk Assessment Matrix  Hazard A hazard is an inherent physical or chemical characteristic that has the potential for causing harm to people, property, or the environment. In chemical processes, it is the combination of a hazardous material, an operating environment, and certain unplanned events that could result in an accident. Difference between HAZOP, HAZAN HAZAN : Provides best selection of means of controlling or eliminating the risk HAZOP: Design review techniques used for hazard identification, and identification of design deficiencies which may give rise to operability problems Hazards Analysis methods HAZOP HAZAN Event tree Fault tree Consequence analysis FEMEA Consequence analysis  HAZAN Fault tree Event tree Consequence models What Does Hazard Analysis Mean? HAZAN (Hazard Analysis) is a systematic method for identifying and assessing hazards in the workplace. The technique focuses on job tasks as a way of identifying hazards before they occur. HAZAN takes into account the relationship between the employee, the task to be performed, the tools at the worker’s disposal, and the surrounding environment. Once uncontrolled hazards have been identified by a HAZAN analysis, steps can be taken to either eliminate the risks or reduce them to an acceptable level.  HAZOP HAZOP stands for hazard operability Study It is designed to review hazard identification, and the identification of deficiencies in design which may lead to operability problems. It identifies irregularities in the working environment, enabling the root causes of the abnormalities to be pinpointed. It is associated with comprehensive and complex workplace operations, which, if malfunctions or irregularities were to occur, could lead to significant loss, in terms of injury or life. HAZOP Benefits 1. Identifying potential hazards 2. Enhancing safety measures 3. Cost effectiveness through risk reduction Disadvantage: 1. HAZOP is potentially more time-consuming 2. Involves the rigorous review of newly designed or complex processes in order to uncover potential risks and deviations from the original design intent.  Objectives of HAZAN There are three basic objectives of conducting a hazard analysis: Hazard Identification: Cataloging the hazards associated with various work tasks, events, and circumstances Cause Identification: Determining why the event is hazardous and analyzing the sequence of events that could potentially lead to injury, exposure, or a near miss Risk Determination: Analyzing the risks associated with a given hazard  Steps to an Effective HAZAN Procedure Define the scope of the work and observe workers carrying it out Break down the job into its component tasks and observe each task being performed (input from employees who have performed the task can also be solicited) Identify and document the hazards associated with each task by considering every possible scenario that could result in an accident and asking the following questions:  Steps to an Effective HAZAN Procedure What could go wrong? What are the potential consequences of an incident? How could it happen? What are the possible contributing factors? How likely is it for an incident to take place?  Steps to an Effective HAZAN Procedure Note appropriate control measures for each task, such as personal protective equipment (PPE) Identify any training requirements for carrying out the job safely Review the analysis with the employees who perform the job  Links HAZARD VS. RISK | Animated video with explanation, differences, and examples. https://youtu.be/y3dQj1mYlOw?si=1ZlItj3w5WFTcoSk HAZOP Demo Video new https://youtu.be/kc2T_zWm_7I?si=uImaSSJtM_tlUX8y What is Fault Tree Analysis [ FTA ] | Fault Tree Analysis #FTA ? Explained with Animated Examples: https://youtu.be/NIJ_iV96j6Q?si=WSg-K5T2lGIC9OSZ Fault Tree Analysis | FTA Tool for Root Cause Analysis | What is Fault Tree Analysis: https://youtu.be/uPteR2-jQRU?si=HBYUomcTk7rzBMQU  Consequence Model Analysis Determines the extent of consequences , effects from a given set of undesired events. Such as fire, explosion, and toxic gas dispersion and explosion analysis. Consequences are stated in an expected number of injuries., or exposure to certain concentrations of materials. The consequence analysis built is used to reduce, prevent, or eliminate risks. Toxic materials, flammables, and explosives are evaluated for the amounts and types of hazardous materials they release.  The consequence analysis model Consists of three steps: 1) Identify all possible consequences 2) Rank them according to the severity of incidents 3) Categorize them according to the probability of hazard effects  Conclusion Consequence analysis helps organizations take appropriate measures when they are faced with uncertainty or risk. Advanced approaches like fault tree analysis (FTA), event tree analysis (ETA), can be used to model complex systems and predict the consequences of various risk events. These models help in visualizing the chain of events and estimating the probability and impact of specific outcomes.