Readings In Philippine History Notes PDF 2024-2025

GEED Readings in Philippine History Notes 10033 1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo Re...

GEED Readings 1st SEMESTER What is History? History originated as a derivation historia, an ancient Greek term for learning through inquiry (Hoefferle, 2013). The study of past events. History refers to a chronological of significant events such as those affecting a nation or institution, often including an explanation of their causes (Merriam Webster). History is the never ending process whereby people seek to understand the past and its many meanings (American Historical Association). “Ang Kasaysayan ay salaysay na may saysay para sa isang grupo ng tao na may kakanyahan, identidad na nakasandig sa sariling wika at kalinangan” - Zeus Salazar It is important to note that history is not the past, but rather a glimpse of the past. Relevance of History The following relevance of history were enumerated by Peter Stearns (1998): History contributes to Moral Understanding History helps us understand people and societies History provides Identity History is essential for Good Citizenship. Readings in Philippine History Readings 1st SEMESTER Classification and Types of Historical Sources Historical sources are not only confined to written documents but also to artifacts and ecofacts. Sources are defined as artifacts that have been left by the past. ○ Collins English Dictionary relates artifact as ‘something made or given shape by humans such as a tool or a work of art ○ Merriam Webster Dictionary denotes artifact as a simple object showing workmanship or modification as distinguished from a natural object ○ Ecofact pertains to an excavated piece of evidence consisting natural remains, as opposed to an objects of human workmanship (Oxford Dictionary) Main types of Written Sources Primary (Louis Gottschalk 1950) "The testimony of an eyewitness, or of a witness by any other of the senses, or of a mechanical device like the Dictaphone—that is, of one who or that which was present at the events of which he or it tells." Secondary (Louis Gottschalk 1950) "the testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness—that is, one who was not present at the events of which he tells. " Readings in Philippine History Readings 1st SEMESTER Test of Credibility Once historians have become immersed in the sources of their period and have proven its authenticity, the content of a document suggests a more interesting question: is it reliable? 1. We need to ask whether the the source was in a position to give a faithful account. 2. Was the author present during the period? 3. Is he / she in the right state of mind? 4. Is the story a gossip or the author just really had a sharp memory of remembering the details? 5. What most affects the reliability of a source, however, is the intention and prejudices of the writer. LESSON 1 Reyal or Fakeh Real History came from the Greek word historia which means to search, look into The White Triangle symbol in the Philippine flag represents the distinctive symbol of the Katipunan Society, which by means of its compact blood urged the masses of insurrection. Readings in Philippine History Readings 1st SEMESTER The 15th and 16th centuries are considered by most historians as the turning point in the development of Philippine history. 1521 - Magellan reached the Philippines The arrival of Legaspi in 1564 and his effective occupation of Cebu in 1565. The First Voyage Around the World Antonio Pigafetta Italian scholar and explorer who belonged to a rich family Chronicler of the Magellan Expedition He was among the 18 crew members who were able to return to Spain out of the approximately 270 crew members of the ill-fated expedition. Documented the Magellan and Elcano’s voyage. THE FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD Eye-witness account on the first circumnavigation of the globe. Narration of Magellan’s expedition its launching until its return to Spain. Pigafetta’s account put forth arrival in the Philippines, his initial exploits, the friendships he established with the natives and his eventual death. Context: 3Gs (God, Gold, and Glory) August 10, 1519 - Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition left Seville, Spain. ○ Actual voyage started on September 20, 1519. ○ Victoria, Concepcion, San Antonio, Santiago, and Trinidad ○ 270 crew members Readings in Philippine History Readings 1st SEMESTER Lapu- lapu, the chief ○ refused to accept the Spaniards. April 27, 1521 - A group of sixty Spanish men arrived in Mactan. ○ The Mactan warriors totaling to more than 1,050 formed three divisions to repel the Spaniards. 24 Spaniards were killed. ○ Humabon connived with Enrique to kill the remaining Spaniards. 24 Spaniards were killed The remaining crew members quickly left Cebu and started their voyage to return home. ○ On their way southwards, they were able to reach Palawan, Brunei, Mindanao, and Moluccas. September 6 1522 - Only the Victoria was able to return to Spain. only eighteen, along with four Indians survived the journey Customs of the Tagalogs (Costumbres de los Tagalos) Fray Juan de Plasencia Franciscan friar from Extremadura Spain He is among the first batch of missionaries who came to the Philippines in 1578. He became the custos or superior of the Franciscans in the Philippines from May 23, 1584 until 1588 Readings in Philippine History Readings 1st SEMESTER They knew, too, the seven little goats (the Pleiades) and, consequently, the change of seasons, which they called Mapolon and Balatic. They possessed many idols called lic-ha which were images with different shapes. Tagalog Deities: Natives worship the sun, moon, and they especially worship Badhala. They also have patrons such as Dian Masalanta or the patron of lovers and of generation, and Lacapati and Idianale who were the patrons of the cultivated lands and of husbandry. They pay reverence to the buaya from the fear of being harmed by them, and the natives return to their house when they encounter bad omen. Superstitious beliefs: -If they left their house and met on the way a serpent or rat, or a bird called Tigmamanuguin which was singing on a tree, or if they chanced upon anyone who sneezed, they returned at once to their houses On their Knowledge of Time: Time was determined by the cultivation of the soil, their counting by the moons, and the different effects produced upon the trees when yielding flowers, fruits, and leaves. On their Sacrifices and Other Forms of Idolatries. Their manner of offering a sacrifice was to proclaim a feast and offer to the devil what they had to eat. Priests of the Devil Readings in Philippine History Readings 1st SEMESTER which they constructed for this purpose. ○ They would mourn them for four days and afterwards laid him on a boat which serve as the coffin, placing him beneath the porch, which kept a slave that eatch over it. ○ The people had an afterlife which they referred to as Maca. In this place only the just and valiant, and those who lived without doing harm, or who possessed moral values. In contrast, they also had a place of punishment which they called casanaan, which was inhabited by demons called sitan. LESSON 2 Emilio Jacinto Brain of the Katipunan Comrade and adviser of Andres Bonifacio Wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan He served as intelligence director in the assault made in San Juan del Monte on August 30, 1896 in order to seize a Spanish garrison in the area. He wrote Liwanag at Dilim which contained some essays about his political and social philosophies. Included in this collection were the essays Sa Anak ng Bayan, Ang Ningning at ang Liwanag, Kalayaan, Readings in Philippine History Readings 1st SEMESTER He served as the first lawyer of the Rizal Family concerning the Calamba Hacienda Case Bautista became an officer of the Rizal-established La Liga Filipina. He was a contributor to the patriotic newspaper La Independencia. He became Aguinaldo’s political adviser. Declaration of Philippine Independence The document summarized the reason behind the revolution against the Spaniards, the war for independence, and the future of the newly established Philippine Republic To proclaim the sovereignty of the Philippines under the colonial rule of the Spaniards which lasted for 333 years. 98 people signed the declaration including an American military officer named Colonel L. M. Johnson. To Mabini, it would have been better if the Filipinos gathered more weapons and ammunitions rather than flaunting their aspiration for independence The proclamation was made on June 12, 1898 in Cavite el Viejo now known as Kawit. The Acta de la Proclamacion de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino was Penned and read by Ambrocio Rianzares Bautista. Attended by prominent leaders revolution who gathered in the house of Aguinaldo Readings in Philippine History Readings 1st SEMESTER failure to promulgate or ratify it instantly thereafter certain provisions which were by Mabini Readings in Philippine History in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo Repositories of Historical Sources of Philippine Depositories National Library of the Philippines (NLP) Archives of the University of Santo Tomas University of the Philippines record Main Library in Diliman Quezon City Ateneo de Manila University’s Rizal Library and Historical Collection of the United States Embassy De La Salle University Libraries SIL Philippines Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (CICM) Spanish Depositories Archivo General de Indias (Seville) Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid) Museo Naval de la Ministerio de Marina (Madrid) Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid) Biblioteca Nacional de España (Madrid) Archivo de Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores (Madrid) Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES) American Depositories National Archives and Records Service (NARS) Library of Congress (Washington D.C.) Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library (Chicago, Illinois) Readings in Philippine History Lily Library (Bloomington, Indiana) Harvard University Stanford University University of Michigan Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 1 GEED in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo Main Types of Unwritten Sources Archaeological Evidence Oral Evidence Material Evidence SOURCE CRITICISM WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METHOD [OF HISTORY] AND HISTORIOGRAPHY? Method Method pertains to the process of thoroughly examining and critically analyzing the records and survivals of the past. Historiography Historiography refers the process of reconstructing historical data that have already been tested by the method. Test of Authenticity How do historians execute this process? 1. There is the issue of origin; can the document be traced back to the office or person who is supposed to have produced it, or could it have been planted? 2. Given the periodization, do the details made in the document or the sentiments uttered seem at all likely during the period? 3. The form of the document may show vital clues. This includes the style of writing and even the language used in the document, you may also consider the paper that has been used for the document Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 2 GEED in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo The 3 stars in the Philippine flag actually represent Luzon, Panay, and Mindanao Being a mason, Rizal and Josephine could not get married. Josephine bore him a stillborn child, a son who would have been named Peter by Josephine or Francisco, by Rizal's sisters, in honor of their father The first shot that started the Filipino American War (1899-1913) happened at the corner of Calle Sociego and Silencio writer of Fake Jose Rizal was one of the chief officers of Katipunan in 1895 and was known as the President Supremo The eight (8) rays represent the 8 provinces that triggered the Philippine Revolution and which were put under martial law during the Spanish occupation. These provinces are Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga, Cavite, Rizal, Laguna, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija. Ferdinand Magellan, along with other Spaniards, discovered the Philippines in 1521, conquering the land and spreading Christianity. Spoliarium which was made by the Filipino painter Fernando Amorsolo earned the gold medal at the Exposicion de Bellas Artes in Madrid in 1884 The Philippine Declaration was proclaimed on June 12, 1989 the people to Age of Exploration and Discovery Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 3 GEED in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo The expedition was able to reach the West African coast prior to the crossing of the Atlantic. They then reached Brazil and other parts of South America in the Atlantic. October 21, 1520 – Strait of Magellan ○ connects two great bodies of water, the Atlantic and the newly- discovered Pacific Ocean ○ only three out of the five original ships were able to cross the passage March 6, 1521 - They were able to replenish their stocks in Guam ○ They initially called the island as the Island of Sails but later changed it to Isla de Ladrones. March 16, 1521 - Zamal (Samar) ○ Feast of St. Lazarus ○ Humunu (Homonhon) - they met the rulers of Butuan and Caraga, Rajah Siagu and Rajah Colambu March 27, 1521 - They left Homonhon and reached Masao (Mazaua) in from Butuan on the following day. ○ Magellan and Rajah Colambu Magellan’s made a blood compact April 7, 1521 - the expedition through the assistance of Colambu sailed to Cebu where they met Rajah Humabon April 14, 1521 - A mass was officiated in Cebu and a cross was once again erected as a sign of conquest of the land. ○ more than 800 natives were baptized ○ Santo Niño was given as a gift by Magellan to Juana Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 4 GEED in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo of Mactan Ordered by the king of Spain to write an account that described the natives in the areas assigned to his Order Customs of the Tagalogs The natives are governed by their chiefs who were referred to as Datos. Their communities were referred to as barangay composed of thirty up to one hundred families. Three caste systems in addition to the Dato: ○ (1) Maharlica or the nobles who accompanies the Datu in wards; ○ (2) Aliping namamahay or commoners lived in their own houses while serving their masters, one privilege they could enjoy was their immunity from being sold to anyone; ○ (3) Aliping sa guiguilir or slaves are captives in war and enslaved together with their children When two people belonging to different caste marries each other, the children are divided. Loans and inheritances - The debtors were condemned to a life of toil because of the excessive interest added to their debts. Punishments such as death and fines in gold were imposed depending on what the offense is. Inheritance On the Worship Practices of the Tagalogs: the natives had no temple but they have simbahan where they celebrate a festival called pandot or “worship” also called nagaanitos Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 5 GEED in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo Catolonan - they would allow devils to enter their body mangagauay or witches - they were “witches” that deceive by pretending to heal the sick. They could prolong a life of one for a year by binding a serpent. manyisalat -power of applying remedies to lovers that they would despise and abandon their own wives. mancocolam - priest which emitten a fire from himself at night hocloban - with just the salute of their hand, he was able to kill whom they want silagan - if they saw anyone clothed in white, they would tear their liver and eat it magtatangal - shows himself at night to many persons without his head or entrails osuang - equivalent of a sorcerer. they said that they saw him flew and that he murdered men and ate their flesh. This was among the Visayas Islands and not from the Tagalogs. mangagayoma - This witch could make charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood which would infuse the heart with love sonat - It was his task to help a person to die pangatahojan - soothsayer and a predictor of the future. bayoguin - cotquean was a man whose nature inclined toward that of a woman Burying Rituals and the Afterlife ○ The dead was buried beside his house, and he were a chief, he placed beneath a house of porch Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 6 GEED in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo Ang Tao’y Magkakapantay, Ang Bayan at ang mga Pinuno and Ang Maling Pagsampalataya (“Liwanag at Dilim”, n.d.) Kartilya ng Katipunan Andres Bonifacio’s Dekalogo ng katipunan Dekalogong pang etika na susundin at gagawing basehang kautusan ng Masang Katipunan. Base sa sampung kautusan ng Diyos The Kartilya is a primary source which contains the oaths and orders that the katipuneros had to follow. The Kartilya resonated the teaching of discipline, virtue and morals to individuals who wished to join the secret society. It established a foundation that would govern the affairs of the Katipunan and its members. Anyone who violated the teachings would be punished in accordance with the gradation of the offense LESSON 3 Ambrosio Rianzares bautista Don Bosyong Born on December 7, 1830 at Biñan, Laguna He finished a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Santo Tomas obtaining a law degree in 1865. Among the legal luminaries who became his contemporaries were Chief Justice Cayetano Arellano, Chief Justice Florentino Torres and well-known lawyer Rafael del Pan. Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 7 GEED in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo 98 people signed the declaration including an American military officer named Colonel L. M. Johnson. The powers granted on him included the right to issue pardon and amnesty proclamations and the adoption of an official flag (Cortes, Boncan and Jose, 2005) The flag which was made in HongKong was hoisted and waved for the first time and the music of what would become as the Philippine national anthem was played According to the document, The white triangle signifies the distinctive emblem of the famous society of the “Katipunan”. The three stars signifies the three principal islands of the archipelago The sun represents the gigantic steps by the sons of the country along the path of progress and civilization. Eight rays signifies the eight provinces who declared themselves in a state of war when the revolt started. Blue, red, and white as commemoration of the US flag Recognized by neither Spain nor the United States Republic Act No. 4166 “The twelfth day of June is hereby proclaimed as the Philippine Independence Day, and all citizens of the Philippines are enjoined to observe such day with rites befitting Independence Day.” of the Why is the document considered contentious? Absence of Aguinaldo’s signature Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 8 GEED in Philippine History Notes 10033 | S.Y. 2024-2025 | PROF. Gabral, Angelo Pelayo opposed Unit 1: Understanding History using Primary and Secondary Sources 9

Readings In Philippine History Notes PDF 2024-2025

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