FRCEM Primary Revision Notes - Upper Limb Anatomy PDF
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These notes provide an overview of upper limb anatomy, focusing on the pectoral region, axilla, muscles, and joints. It details the structures, actions, and nerve supply of key anatomical components.
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CHAPTER A1 Upper limb CONTENTS 1.1 Pectoral region 1.2 Axilla 1.3 Breast 1.4 Shoulder 1.5 The anterior arm 1.6 The posterior arm 1.7 The anterior forearm 1.8 Posterior compartment of the forearm 1.9 Wrist and hand...
CHAPTER A1 Upper limb CONTENTS 1.1 Pectoral region 1.2 Axilla 1.3 Breast 1.4 Shoulder 1.5 The anterior arm 1.6 The posterior arm 1.7 The anterior forearm 1.8 Posterior compartment of the forearm 1.9 Wrist and hand 1.10 The digital attachments of the long tendons 1.11 Other aspects of upper limb anatomy 1.1 Pectoral region 1.1.1 Muscles Pectoralis major: From: Sternum Upper 6 costal cartilages Medial h clavicle To: anterior axillary fold (lateral humerus) Actions: Adduction of arm Flexion of arm Medial rotation of arm Nerve supply: C5—T1 = e Medial pectoral nerve Lateral pectoral nerve Pectoralis minor: From: ribs 3—5 To: coracoid process of scapula Actions: Depresses tip of shoulder e Stabilizes scapula Nerve supply: C8—T1 = Medial pectoral nerve Lateral pectoral nerve Trapezius: From: Occipital protuberance e Cervical and thoracic vertebrae To: Spine of scapula Lateral 1/3 clavicle Actions: Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula e Braces shoulder backwards Nerve supply: CN XI = spinal accessory nerve Latissimus dorsi: From: T6-L5 spines (thoracolumbar fascia) Iliac crest To: intertubercle groove of humerus Actions: Adduction of arm Medial rotation of arm Raises body towards arms in climbing Nerve supply: C6 + C7 = thoracodorsal nerve Serratus anterior: From: lateral surface of ribs 1—8 To: medial border of scapula Actions: Rotates scapula (helps abduction) Protracts scapula Holds scapula against thoracic wall Nerve supply: C6 + C7 = long thoracic nerve 1.1.2 Joints Sterno-clavicular joint: Fibro-cartilage with articular discs Stability due to ligaments Allows pectoral movements Acromio-clavicular joint: As for sterno-clavicular joint Easily dislocated after a fall due to transmission of force and rupture of acromio-clavicular ligament and coraco-clavicular ligament, making the acromion appear inferior to clavicle and more prominent. 1.2 Axilla 1.2.1 Muscles Subscapularis: From: subscapular fossa To: lesser tubercle of humerus Actions: Medial rotation of arm Adduction of arm Nerve supply: C5—7 = subscapular nerves Teres major: From: lower angle of scapula To: intertubercular sulcus of humerus Actions: Adduction of arm Medial rotation of arm Nerve supply: C6 + C7 = lower subscapular nerve Superior Lateral Musculocutaneous Axillary Middle Posterior Radial Median I Inferior Middle Ulnar ROOTS TRUNKS DIVISIONS CORDS NERVES Figure A.l.l Schematic of brachial plexus
