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What is History? History- Greek Word \"Historia\" meaning \"knowledge acquired from investigation\" History- study of the past History- Involves Systematic Gathering, Analysis, Interpretation and presentation of historical data Why Study History? 1\. Understanding the present- understand the or...

What is History? History- Greek Word \"Historia\" meaning \"knowledge acquired from investigation\" History- study of the past History- Involves Systematic Gathering, Analysis, Interpretation and presentation of historical data Why Study History? 1\. Understanding the present- understand the origin of current events 2\. Critical thinking- analytical skills used for evaluating 3\. Informed Citizenship- a knowledge of history is essential, helping individuals know their rights etc. 4\. Cultural Appreciation- fosters appreciation and respect to different cultures Key Aspects of History 1\. Chronology -organized chronologically, follows the sequence of events 2\. Evidence-Based -to piece the past, includes written records, artifacts, oral histories, material remnants 3\. Interpretation -is not just a list of dates and events, Historians analyze the causes and consequences of events 4\. Cultural and Social Understanding -provides insights into the lives, beliefs and customs of the people 5\. Learning from the Past -learn from successes and failures of the past 6\. Identity and Memory -plays a crucial role in shaping collective and individual identities 7\. Continuity and Change -examines continuity \"what stays the same\", change \"what evolves\" over time History and Historians Historical facts are often complex, multifaceted, and contradictory Historians interprets facts by making connections between them, identifying patterns etc. Importance of Interpretation Without interpretation, history would be a collection of isolated facts, devoid of meaning Theories Constructed by Historians Factual History- presents plain and basic information like what, when, who Speculative History- it goes beyond facts because it is corncerned about the reasons, how and why KKK -Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or (katipunan) July 7, 1892. Most important Document with the original name Mga aral ng Katipunan ng mga anak ng Bayan, lessons of organization from the sons of country. -is the most important organization formed in the Philippines history History of KKK -Diego Silang \"El Rey De Ilocos\" Founders of katipunan -Andres Bonifacio, Valentine Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Deodato Arellano, Ladislao Diwa -Propaganda movement led by Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Jose Rizal -Kartilya ng Katipunan written by Emilio Jacinto (pen name: dimasilaw)/ utak ng Katipunan who was only 18 yrs. old that time, died of malaria at 24 April 15 1897, emilio was appointed who was only 20 yrs old/ 22 yrs old -Kartilya can be treated as the Katipunan\'s code of conduct Rules of Kartilya -in Gallery 1-7: Make you an upright individual 8-14: Guide the right way to your comrades Analysis of Kartilya -in Gallery Multiperspectivity -viewing events and figures from various angles, addresses biases Criteria on Analyzing the Historical Significance of Sources 1.Relevance Was is important then and is it still significant now? 2.Resonance Who was impacted and why? 3.Remarkable Was it notable? 4.Remembered Did it hold importance in collective memory? 5.Revealing What does it show about the past? 6.Resulting Change Did it lead to future consequences? 7.Durability How long did it last? 8.Quantity How many were affected? 9.Profundity Was the impact deep or superficial? Issues on Assesing the Historical Significance Subjectivity and Perspective- what is important to one group may be insignificant to another Changing Standards Over Time- evolves as societal values and priorities shift Complexity of Criteria- may vary depending on the context Overemphasis on Big Events- refers to the tendency in historical study and teaching to focus on dramatic Balancing Local vs. Global Significance- an event may be important in local or national context but not globally significant Examination of Author\'s name Argument and Point of view Who is the speaker/source? (age, gender, etc.) What is the occasion? (place, time, etc.) Who is the intended audience? (private or to be read/heard) What is the purpose? (motives, beliefs, ideology) What is the subject? (topic, content, ideas) What is the tone? (emotions) Western and Filipino Perspective History- Western (written tradition) Kasaysayan- Filipino (wika) \"saysay\" = \"to tell or narrate\" Pantayong Pananaw Pantayong Pananaw- \"from us, for us\" filipino centered, history should be narrated by Filipino themselves Pang-kayong Pananaw- \"from you, for us\" represents an external viewpoint Pang-kaming Pananaw- \"from us, for you\" more collective or communal perspective, focuses on the shared experiences and narratives Strengths and Weaknesses of Pantayong Pananaw Strengths 1\. Cultural Reclamation- emphasizes importance of the Filipino Perspective, fostering national pride 2\. Localized Approach- Challenges western narratives, Filipino-centric 3\. Academic Influence- Inspire scholars to adopt methodologies Weaknesses 1.Essentialism- Risk oversimplifying the diverse experience 2\. Academic Alienation- May alienate scholars 3\. Limited Scope- Struggles to connect with broader historical context Notable Writings \"Ang Kartilya ni Emilio Jacinto at ang Diwang Pilipino\" \"Ang Pilipinong \'Banua\'/ 'Banwa\' sa Mundong Melano-Polynesiano\" \"Pilipinas: Isang Kasaysayan\" \"Kritikal na Pagsususri sa Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas\" \"Ang Kasaysayan ng mga Pilipino\" \"Buhay at Kultura ng mga Pilipino\" \"Pagsusuri ng mga Akdang Pampanitikan\" Slaves 1\. Aliping namamahay- living independently, can\'t be sold 2\. Aliping saguiguilid- serve the master to whom the judgement applied Maharlika- cannot move out from the village without fine & gold(nobles) Witches- killed alongsidde with their children and accomplices, became the slaves of the chief Loans- will be condemned Inheritance- legitimate children will receive it Dowry- are given by men\'s to the women\'s family before marriage Two or more legitimate wives Slave Woman- inheritance of slavery Unmarried Woman(Isaanava) Worship of Tagalog Tala- goddess of morning and evening star Dian Masalanta- patron of lovers and of generation Feast- manner of offering sacrifice Catolonan- officiating priest The Reasons for Offering -The prosperous voyage -Good harvest -The recovery of a sick person Distinction of Devils Mancocolam- emits fire from himself st night Hocbolon- they can kill whom they chose Osuang(sorcerer)- have seen flying, eating human flesh Mangagayoma- made charms for lovers Sonat- \"preacher\", prediction of salvation or condemnation of soul Pangatahojan(babaylan)- spiritual leader, predicts future Superstitious Beliefs- believes in some distinction of devils, charms and amulets Manners of Burying- if a chief dies, they will be buried beside his house The First Voyage around the World Voyage of Magellan- Antonio Pigafetta(Italian Explorer) Pigafetta\'s Travel Log- Important document during pre colonial period in the Philippines Aug 10, 1590- Ships: Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepcion, Victoria, Santiago Islas de los landrones- island of the thieves Homonhon \"humunu\" island- watering place of good signs Archipelago of Saint. Lazarus March 25- Balanghay-long boat, Mazzaya or Mazua: port King of balanghay King= most handsome among men 2 kings Raia Calambu Raia Siagu March 31- First Mass, Blood Compact(sign of allegiance) April 14- burns the idols to worship the cross April 26- Zula went to see Magellan to team up 49 vs 1500(mactan) Magellan is pierced with poisonous arrow in his right leg, and lance on his head Duarte Barbosa- New Captain appointed