Periodic Table Review PDF

1. What happens to the movement of molecules when a substance is heated? The molecules move faster and spread apart 2. How did the discovery of noble gases affect the development of the periodic table? It led to the inclusion of a new group in the periodic table 3....

1. What happens to the movement of molecules when a substance is heated? The molecules move faster and spread apart 2. How did the discovery of noble gases affect the development of the periodic table? It led to the inclusion of a new group in the periodic table 3. How did Mendeleev predict the existence of undiscovered elements? By noticing gaps in his table where properties of unknown elements fit into the trends 4. Given that an element is in Group 17 (halogens) and Period 3, how would you expect its chemical behavior to compare with other elements in the same period? It will have a higher reactivity compared to alkali metals in Period 3. 5. If you are analyzing the potential chemical behavior of an element in Group 2, Period 4, which of the following is most likely to be true? The element is more likely to form a +2 ion when it reacts with nonmetals. 6. An element is found in Period 5 and Group 15. Based on its position in the periodic table, which of the following chemical behaviors would be expected for this element? It will likely form covalent bonds with elements from Group 17. 7. When you heat a solid, the particles gain energy and move faster. Which of the following would you expect to happen to the solid as it is heated? It will melt into a liquid, where particles are still closely packed but can move past each other. 8. During the process of freezing, how do the molecules in liquid water behave in terms of their motion and arrangement? The molecules move slower, become more orderly, and form a rigid structure. 9. An atom of sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and a mass number of 32. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this sulfur atom contain? 6 protons, 16 neutrons, 16 electrons 10. When Mendeleev created his periodic table, he left gaps for elements that had not yet been discovered. Why did he do this? He believed that undiscovered elements would have properties similar to nearby elements. 11. Based on the periodic table, which element is most likely to have similar chemical properties to calcium (Ca)? Magnesium (Mg) 12. Who is known as the "Father of the Periodic Table" for organizing elements based on atomic mass and properties? Dmitri Mendeleev 13. Why do gases expand to fill their containers? Their particles move freely in all directions with little attraction between them 14. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. Which of the following best describes the change in the arrangement and motion of the molecules during this process? The molecules move further apart, and their motion speeds up 15. How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in his periodic table? By increasing atomic number 16. Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of: Valence electrons 17. Which group of elements in the periodic table is the most reactive group of metals? Alkali metals 18. Which group in the periodic table contains elements that are generally non-reactive? Noble gases 19. Based on the periodic table, which element is most likely to react similarly to fluorine (F)? Chlorine (Cl) 20. Why do solids have a fixed shape and volume? Their particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place 21. Which scientist arranged the periodic table by increasing atomic number instead of atomic mass? Henry Moseley 22. What was the main contribution of John Newlands to the periodic table? The Law of Octaves 23. When a gas is compressed into a smaller volume, how do the molecules behave based on the particle theory of matter? The molecules are pushed closer together, and their motion decreases 24. An atom of iron (Fe) has an atomic number of 26 and a mass number of 56. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have? Protons = 26, Neutrons = 56, Electrons = 26 25. If an atom of carbon (C) has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12, how many neutrons does it have? 8 26. An atom of calcium (Ca) has an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of 40. How many electrons does a neutral atom of calcium have? 20 27. How did Dmitri Mendeleev use the periodicity of element properties to organize the periodic table? He grouped elements with similar properties into columns, and left gaps for undiscovered elements 28. When comparing the density of solids, liquids, and gases, which of the following statements is most accurate based on particle behavior? Liquids are denser than gases because their particles are closer together 29. When a substance undergoes freezing and changes from a liquid to a solid, how would you explain the changes in particle movement? The particles lose energy, slow down, and become more tightly packed 30. During evaporation, a liquid changes into a gas. Which of the following statements best explains the behavior of the molecules involved? The molecules gain energy, move faster, and spread further apart