Periodic Table, Heating, and Chemical Behavior

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Questions and Answers

Imagine a sealed container of gas is heated. What describes the most likely behavior of the gas molecules?

The molecules will slow down and move closer together.

The molecules will move faster and spread further apart. (correct)

The molecules will maintain their speed and arrangement.

The molecules will stop moving.

How did the discovery of noble gases change the structure of the periodic table?

It led to the removal of several transition metals.

It caused a shift in the positions of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.

It led to the inclusion of a new group (Group 18) on the periodic table. (correct)

It resulted in a reorganization based on atomic number instead of mass.

Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table. What was his reasoning for doing so?

He thought those spaces belonged to inaccurately measured elements.

He ran out of elements to include and left the spaces for future scientists to fill.

He believed that undiscovered elements existed and would fit into the table based on predicted properties. (correct)

He assumed some elements were too rare to be discovered.

How did Mendeleev's approach to organizing the periodic table differ fundamentally from that of Henry Moseley?

Mendeleev used atomic mass, while Moseley used atomic number. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Consider an element located in Group 17 (halogens) and Period 3. How would its chemical reactivity compare to an element in Group 1 (alkali metals) of the same period?

It will have a higher reactivity compared to alkali metals in Period 3. (C) Signup and view all the answers

An element is located in Group 2, Period 4 of the periodic table. How would you expect this element to behave chemically?

The element is more likely to form a +2 ion when it reacts with nonmetals. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) exhibit similar chemical behaviors. What characteristic do they share that primarily accounts for this?

The same number of valence electrons. (D) Signup and view all the answers

An element is found in Period 5 and Group 15. What chemical behavior would be expected for this element?

It will likely form covalent bonds with elements from Group 17. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the behavior of particles in different states of matter, which statement accurately compares the density differences between solids, liquids, and gases?

Liquids are denser than gases due to closer particle proximity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the particle theory of matter explain the behavior of a gas when it is compressed into a smaller volume?

The molecules are pushed closer together, and their motion decreases. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When a solid is heated, its particles gain energy. What is most likely to happen to the solid as it is heated?

It will melt into a liquid, where particles are still closely packed but can move past each other. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If you have an atom of Iron (Fe) with an atomic number of 26 and a mass number of 56 but it loses two electrons, what is the number of protons, neutrons, and the remaining electrons?

Protons = 26, Neutrons = 30, Electrons = 24 (C) Signup and view all the answers

During freezing, how do water molecules behave?

The molecules move slower, become more orderly, and form a rigid structure. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During evaporation, a liquid transforms into a gas. Which statement describes the molecular behavior during this phase change?

The molecules gain energy, move faster, and spread further apart. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What principle, introduced by John Newlands, laid an early foundation for understanding the periodicity of elements, even though it had limitations?

The Law of Octaves (C) Signup and view all the answers

When a liquid freezes and becomes a solid, what changes occur at the particle level?

The particles lose energy, slow down, and become more tightly packed. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Effect of Heating on Molecules

When a substance is heated, its molecules move faster and spread apart.

Noble Gases and Periodic Table

The discovery of noble gases led to adding a new group to the periodic table.