REVIEWER IN UTS.docx

**REVIEWER IN UTS** **Sigmund freud** -- [Concept of the self] is deeply rooted in his theory of psychoanalysis. - Australian and neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis ***3. COMPONENTS OF HUMAN PSYCHE*** 1. **Id** - [Represent primal, unconscious part of the self]. - It operates [pleas...

**REVIEWER IN UTS** **Sigmund freud** -- [Concept of the self] is deeply rooted in his theory of psychoanalysis. - Australian and neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis ***3. COMPONENTS OF HUMAN PSYCHE*** 1. **Id** - [Represent primal, unconscious part of the self]. - It operates [pleasure principle without considering reality or morality ] - [Instinct ] 2. **Ego:** - [The rational part of the self ] - The Ego's role [is to find realistic and socially acceptable ways to satisfy the Id's desires] - [Reality ] 3. **Superego** - [Moral conscience of the self. ] - [It involves interaction with society to control the impulses of id ] - [Guiding the ego to act in morally acceptable ways ] - [Morality ] **THE SELF ACCDG TO FREUD** **Freud concept is dynamic interplay** between these three structures: - **The self as a battleground** -- freud **[saw the self is conflict]** - **Psychosexual development** -- freud [believed that the self develops through a series of psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital)] - **Defense mechanisms** -- [the ego uses various defense mechanisms like **repression, denial and projection** ] **SIGMUND FREUDS THEORY OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT** - ***Theory of psychosexual development*** [- Is one of his most influential and controversial theories ] - *Accdg to freud,* this develpmt occurs through series of stages - Each characterized by the focus of libido (sexual energy) **THE FIVE STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMT** 1. **Oral Stage ( 0-1yrs)** - **Focus**: mouth - **Key activities:** sucking, biting, breastfeeding - **Conflict :** weaning - **Outcme:** excessive gratification, or frustration during stage 2. **Anal Stage (1-3yrs)** - **Focus: Anus** - **Key activities :** bowel and bladder control - **Conflict:** toilet training - **Outcome:** fixation can result anal retentive or anal expulsive **retentive means** They may develop [obsessive about cleanliness] **expulsive means child** they [become messy], wasteful, disorganized 3. **Phallic stage (3-6yrs)** - **Focus: Genitals** - **Key activity**: exploration; attraction to the opposite sex parent - **Conflict**: Oedipus (m) electra (f) child [feels a subconscious sexual desires] for opposite sex and hostility toward samesex - **Outcome**: successful resolution [leads to identification with same sex parent] 4. **Latency stage (6yrs to puberty)** - **Focus** : Dormant sexual feelings - **Key acts**: social interactions, developing skills, and hobbies - **Conflict**: no specific conflict - **Outcome**: development of social and communication skills, [as well as self confidence] 5. **Genital stage (puberty onward**) - **Focus**: genitals ( mature sexual intimacy ) - **Key acts**: intimacy relationship - **Conflict**: to form healthy relationship and develop a strong sense of identity - **Outcome**: in this stage leads to a well balanced, work and long term relationship. Unresolved conflicts from earlier stage may potentially causing difficulties in relationship **KEY CONCEPT** **FIXATION**: if a person doesn't resolve the conflict associated with earlier stage the may become stock at that stage. Which can influence their adult personality and behavior **OEDIPUS/ELECTRA COMPLEX:** he believed that during phallic stage boys developed unconscious sexual desires for the mothers and view their father as a rival then the girls is view their father as a rival **LIBIDO:** to describe the sexual energy through these stages **DEFENSE MECHANISM** - Are psychological strategies used by the ego [to protect the individual from anxiety] as described in freud psycho analytic theory Here are some examples of defense mechanism: 1. **Repression** - [Involve unconscious blocking out painful, or unacceptable feeling or memories from conscious memories ] - like childhood abuse, traumatic event - (walang matandaan pero naranasan nya) like narape ka noon pero dahil natrauma ka, hindi muna sya maaala pero kapag na topic ung about sa rape, naalala mo but not the exact details 2. **Denial (pagtanggi)** - [Is the refusal to accept reality or facts ] - Like you don't admit that you are wrong 3. **Projection (dimo matanggap na ikaw ung mali kaya nagmanipulate ka )** - [Involve attributing ones own unacceptable thoughts , feeling or motives to another person ] - Like ikaw ung mali but sa iba mo sinisisi ung mali mo (good attititude) 4. **Displacement** - [Involve redirecting emotions, impulses from the original source ] - Like pinagalitan ka ng prof mo dahil nangopya ka then nagchat yung kaibigan mo then sa kanya mo binuntong ung galit at inis mo sa prof mo 5. **Rationalization (kahit mali kana nga, nagdadahilan kapa )** - Involve creating a logical or socially acceptable explanation for behaviors or feelings that are actually by unconscious desire or irrational motives - Like bumagsak si elsa sa exam then dinahilan nya na unfair daw ung exam - Rather than acknowledging a lack of preparation 6. **Regression** - Act of reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to stress or anxiety - acting in a younger or needier way - like an overwhelmed child may revert to bedwetting or thumb-sucking. 7. **Sublimation** - Involve channeling unacceptable impulses, desires, feeling into socially acceptable - redirecting negative feelings to positive ones - Like elsa lost her man may turn to write a poetry about love 8. **Introjection** - Incorporating positive qualities of another person to their own ego - Like ung pumasa ng board exam, kapitbahay nyo. Then shinare mo ung achievement nya by saying " kapitbahay ko yan" 9. **Fixation** - Process where an individual may be persistently focused on an early stage od psychosexual development because one wishes are over -- gratified - you could describe it as being \"stuck\" in an earlier developmental stage. - Like nginangata mo paring ung kuko mo **Car Jung: Archetypes** Concept of archetypes is a central element of his analytical psychology. That the human psyche which is ego( conscious mind), the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious **WHAT ARE ARCHETYPESS?** are innate (panloob) universal prototypes, and may used to interpret observation. Jung believed are fundamental to humn experience thought he also acknowledge that the number of archtypes is potentially limitless. **MAJOR ARCHETYPES IDENTIFIED BY JUNG** 1. **THE SELF** - Is central archetypes and **represent the unification of the conscious and unconscious part of psyche.** - It symbolize the quest for wholeness, and integration - ***MANIFESTATION*:** The **process where an individual integrates various part of their psyche to achieve self realization** and wholeness 2. **THE SHADOW** - Shadow represent **darker** - [Unconscious part of the personality that the conscious ego doesn't recognize/accep] - ***MANIFESTATION***: the shadow appears in dream as demons or representing danger. Confronting the shadow is essential for personal growth and self awareness 3. **THE ANIMA/ANIMUS** - Anima (m): feminine aspect of a mans psyche. It include emotion, creativity - Animus (f): masculine aspect of a women psyche. It include like leadership - MANIFESTATION: the anima and animus in dreams as figure of opposite sex and play a role in relationship and attitues to opposite gender 4. **THE PERSONA** - Is the mask or façade that one present to outside world. - **MANIFESTATION** : it helps individuals navigate interaction but can also lead a disconnection from the true self if over identified with it. - It is represented by roles or social mask **ARCHETYPES IN PRACTICE** Jung believed that these archetypes are not just theoretical but have real effects. **CONCLUSION** Through recognizing these archetypes, individuals can achieve greater self awareness and personal growth **ERIK ERIKSON : PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY** This is a prominient framework for understanding human development. Unlike freud who focused on primarily psychosexual stages. Erikson emphasized the social and cultural factors that influence development **The 8 stages of psychosexual development** 1. Trust vs. mistrust ( 0-1.5yrs) - During this stage, infant depend on caregivers for their basic needs 2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt (Early adulthood: 1.5-3yrs) - As toddlers, begin to explore their environment and gain a sense of independence 3. Initiative vs Guilt (preschool: 3-6yrs) - During this stage, children assrts themselves more frequently through play, social interactions and initiating activities. - If encouraged, they my develop initiative and feel secure their ability to lead others and if they discouraged, they may develop guilt about their need and desires 4. Industry vs inferiority (school age: 6-12yrs) - Children begin to develop a sense of competence by mastering new skills and receiving feedback from teachers 5. Identity vs role confusion ( adolescent: 12-18yrs old) - Explore different identities, roles, and ideas to form a personal identity 6. Intimacy vs Isolation ( young adulthood: 18-40 yrs old ) - During this stage, individuals seeks to form intimate and loving relationship with others 7. Generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood: 40-65 yrs) - During this stage, individuals focus on contributing to society, rasing children and being productive in their work 8. Integrity vs despair ( late adulthood: 65 yrs+) - In this final stage, individuals reflect on theur lives and either develop a sense of integrity and satisfaction **Key concepts**: each stage of erikson theory is associated with a specific virtue when the conflict is successfully resolve. **Epigenetic principle**: erikson believed that each stage builds upon the previous ones, following a natural order **Lifespan development**: unlike freud, who focused mainly on childhood. Erikson theory covers development across the entire lifespan **CARL ROGERS: SELF THEORY** **Carl rogers** as a prominient figure in humanistic psychology - Developed the self theory or person centered theory - The importance of the elf and the individual's subjective experience process of personal growth - **According to rogers**, he contended that self concept is composed of three elements 1. **The real self (Self image)** - Also known as the self image. Refers to an individual perceive them in the present moment 2. **The ideal self** - Represent the person an individual aspires to be 3. **Self worth ( self esteem)** - refers to the value an individual places on theselves - It refers how much they appreciate and accept themselves including their strength and weaknesses