REVIEWER-in-PEH-3.pdf

REVIEWER IN PEH 3 Brief History and Nature of Dance 5. Non-Locomotor Movements – Movements that occur in place, such as bending, ❖ Dance is a form...

REVIEWER IN PEH 3 Brief History and Nature of Dance 5. Non-Locomotor Movements – Movements that occur in place, such as bending, ❖ Dance is a form of human movement that involves the combination of physical stretching, twisting, and swinging. motion and artistic expression. It allows for personal and cultural storytelling, while 6. Size – The range of shapes and movements, from small to big. also engaging the body in various patterns, energies, and rhythms. 7. Relationships – The proximity or interaction of the dancer with other people, objects, or space. ❖ Dance, an art of body movement, is integral to human expression and culture. As 8. Weight – Refers to the dancer's relationship to gravity; how heavy or light the Barbara Mettler describes, it serves multiple purposes—recreation, movement feels. entertainment, education, therapy, and religious expression. Unlike athletic 9. Quality – The flow of energy in movement, which can be smooth, sharp, fluid, or activities, dance focuses on aesthetic and emotional experiences. abrupt. Prehistoric and Early Civilizations: 10. Speed – The rate at which movements occur; can be slow, fast, or change In prehistoric times, dance was often performed to appease natural forces or gain power. (accelerate or decelerate). It was during the pre-Christian era, particularly in ancient Mediterranean and Middle 11. Genre - A category of artistic composition defined by similarities in form, style, or Eastern civilizations, that dance became more formalized. In Egypt, dance was richly subject matter. depicted in their art, including wall paintings and hieroglyphs. 12. Style - A distinctive way of performing or presenting something. Greek Influence: 13. Ballroom - A collection of partner dances, enjoyed both socially and competitively worldwide. The ancient Greeks highly valued dance, using it in military training, entertainment, and 14. Ballet - A formal dance style with precise steps and gestures, typically performed as an educational tool. Philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates saw dance as an to music. integration of body and soul. 15. Folkdance - Traditional dance passed down within a culture or community. Roman Decline of Dance: 16. Hip-hop - A dance style originating from Black and Hispanic communities in the As Rome grew more powerful, the art of dance became less significant, often U.S., often set to rap and electronic music. brutalized and performed by slaves for entertainment. Dance was eventually 17. Lyrical - A dance style blending elements of ballet, jazz, acrobatics, and modern condemned by early Christians due to its association with Roman excesses. dance. Medieval Period: 18. Contemporary - A dance form influenced by jazz music, emerging from Black During the Dark and Early Middle Ages, despite the Church's disapproval, performers American culture in the early 20th century. like singers, dancers, and musicians continued to entertain the public in village 19. Modern - A free, expressive dance style developed in the early 20th century as a squares. These performances evolved into social dancing, which became popular reaction to classical ballet. among the common people and later adopted by the nobility as court dances. Dance Genres and Their Characteristics Renaissance and Beyond: Ballet In the Renaissance, creative expression flourished, and entertainers became valued in ✓ Features tutus, pointe shoes, and men in tights. the courts of Italy and France. Court dances, particularly ballet, rose to prominence in ✓ Known as the most difficult genre, serving as a foundational style for dance the 15th and 16th centuries. From ballet, contemporary dance forms evolved, and training. various dance styles spread across the globe, enriching the diversity of dance as an ✓ Performed to orchestrated music, often the first dance experience for children. art form. ✓ Requires progression from ballet shoes to pointe shoes around age 12 with Benefits of Dance teacher approval. Physical Benefits ✓ Combines technique, coordination, and musicality. ✓ Improves cardiovascular and muscular endurance. Tap ✓ Enhances coordination, balance, flexibility, and body composition. ✓ Described as "musical feet," using the feet as percussive instruments. ✓ Lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases and body mass index (BMI). ✓ Dancers wear tap shoes with metal plates for sound. ✓ Reduces resting heart rate and improves lipid metabolism. ✓ Includes various styles, notably Rhythm Tap (musically driven) and Broadway Tap (movement-oriented). ✓ Increases joint mobility and maintains bone density, helping prevent osteoporosis. ✓ Aids in recovering coordination and neuromuscular skills after injury. ✓ Fosters rhythm, turning dancers’ feet into instruments. Jazz Mental/Emotional Benefits ✓ The most popular dance style, combining elements from various dance forms. ✓ Sharpens the brain and decreases the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. ✓ Reduces depressive symptoms and enhances self-esteem and body image. ✓ High-energy and often accompanied by upbeat, popular music. ✓ Helps release emotional and physical tension. ✓ Dancers wear leather split-sole jazz shoes for flexibility. Reasons People Dance ✓ Known for dramatic themes and dynamic choreography. Modern ✓ To please gods (spiritual/ritual). ✓ To please others (performance). ✓ Developed as a rebellion against classical ballet. ✓ For self-expression and enjoyment. ✓ Focuses on the dancer's relationship with the floor, incorporating contractions and release. ✓ To build social connections and community interaction. ✓ Offers a variety of shoe options for foot protection and freedom. Elements of Dance To create expressive and meaningful dance, the choreographer makes decisions about ✓ Shares complexity with ballet in technique, coordination, and musicality. Lyrical movement based on three core elements: Space, Energy, and Time. These elements shape the look, flow, and timing of dance, allowing for creative and unique movements. ✓ Merges elements of ballet, jazz, and modern dance. 1. Space involves the overall design of movement, including where it occurs and its ✓ Emphasizes conveying feelings and emotions through movement. size and shape ✓ Set to popular songs with deeper emotional themes. Size: Movements can range from small to large (e.g., tiny steps or large lunges). ✓ Lyrical shoes provide protection while allowing dancers to connect with the floor. Hip-hop Level: Movements can occur at different heights, from high to low (e.g., arms reaching up or down). ✓ An edgy, raw urban dance style, also known as Street Dance. Shape: The body creates different forms in space (e.g., curved or straight). ✓ Originates from popping, locking, and crumping, typically danced to rap and hip- hop music. Direction: The body moves in different directions, such as forward, backward, or ✓ Dancers often wear funky, high-top sneakers. sideways. ✓ Freestyle in nature, allowing for personal expression and innovation. Pathway: The path a body follows while moving through space (e.g., straight, Contemporary zigzag, or circular). ✓ Combines elements of ballet, modern, jazz, and lyrical dance. Relationships: Proximity to others or objects, exploring closeness or distance. ✓ Uses ballet techniques as fundamentals but breaks away from strict rules. 2. Energy (Force) refers to the flow and intensity of motion, shaping the expressiveness ✓ Includes categories like Contemporary Ballet and Contemporary Jazz. of movement. ✓ Can be danced to various music styles and often features non-traditional Force: The energy behind movement can be strong or light (e.g., a punch vs. a costumes. floating motion). Ballroom Weight: Movements can feel heavy or light based on their relationship to gravity. ✓ A partner dance characterized by step-patterns and rhythmic movement. Quality: The texture or flow of energy in motion (e.g., smooth, sharp, swinging). ✓ Consists of two styles: Smooth (Standard) and Rhythm (Latin). Stillness: The absence of motion, which can be either active (filled with energy) ✓ Smooth focuses on elegance and fluidity, while Rhythm emphasizes energy and or passive (fully relaxed). flair. 3. Time refers to the speed and rhythm of movement. ✓ Includes various dances such as Foxtrot, Waltz, Tango, and more. Speed: The rate of movement (e.g., slow, fast, acceleration, or deceleration). Folkdance Rhythm: The underlying pattern that organizes movement and gives it structure, ✓ The oldest form of dance rooted in traditional activities of a culture. similar to music. ✓ Evolves naturally and spontaneously, reflecting everyday life. Vocabulary List Cultural Dance 1. Force – The use of energy while moving. ✓ Unique to cultures around the world, these folk dances represent historical 2. Space – The area covered by dance movements, including aspects like shape, practices. level, direction, and pathways. ✓ Symbolizes the importance of expression through dance, offering a beautiful o Shape – The design of the body in space. experience of cultural heritage. o Level – The distance from the floor (low, middle, high). o Direction – Forward, backward, sideways, up, down. o Pathway – Patterns the body makes as it moves through space or on the floor. 3. Time – The speed or tempo of the movement, whether fast or slow, and the rhythm or duration of the motion. o Rhythm – The underlying pattern that gives order to music and dance. o Tempo – How fast or slow movements occur. 4. Locomotor Movements – Movements that involve traveling from one point to another, such as walking, running, skipping, hopping, jumping, sliding, leaping, and galloping.