Reviewer for Readings of Philippine History - Preliminary Midterms 1st Sem - PDF

REVIEWER FOR READINGS OF - Must be a natural Filipino PHILIPPINE HISTORY - He/she should be dead - It must come from battling PRELIM MIDTERMS 1ST SEM...

REVIEWER FOR READINGS OF - Must be a natural Filipino PHILIPPINE HISTORY - He/she should be dead - It must come from battling PRELIM MIDTERMS 1ST SEM in a peaceful way to achieve freedom - It should be a dramatic ALL ABOUT HISTORY death Manuel L. Quezon – President of the Commonwealth republic. February 25, 1986 – EDSA Symbol of the Philippines Revolution 1 (People Power 1) However, it already started Before After February 22, 1896. [Sport] Arnis Sepak Takraw William Howard Taft – he’s the one who selected Jose Rizal as [Bird] Maya Agila (Eagle) the National Hero of the [Dance] Carinosa Tinikling Philippines. Ferdinand Magellan (a.k.a. ERA OF COLONIZATION Ferdinand Magallanes) 1565 – 1898 – Spanish - Magellan arrived in the Colonization Philippines on March 16, 1898 – 1941 – American 1521, in Homonhon Colonization Island which is known 1942 – 1945 – Japanese today as a part of Samar. Colonization Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – first July 4, 1946, and June 12, governor general (gobernador 1898, was both an heneral) of the Philippines. Independence Day - He lived in Palacio de National Heroes Day – it is Gobernador. celebrated during last Monday Ruy Lopez de Villalobos – of August. nagbigay ng pangalang Las Islas Apolinario Mabini – known as Filipinas o Filipinas. the ‘Utak ng Rebolusyon’. April 9, 1942 – fall of Bataan. La Liga Filipina – it was They fell into the hands of the established by Jose P. Rizal on Japanese soldiers. July 7, 1893 Bataan Death March – it was from Mariveles, Bataan to Capas, Tarlac. Jose Rizal – inilakad mula Fort May 6, 1942 – Fall of Corrigidor Santiago hanggang Bagumbayan that resulted to the victory of the (known as Luneta nowadays). He Japanese. was Shot Dead 7:03 AM – 4 Criterias to be selected as a December 30, 1896. National Hero  He was buried in Paco House Speaker – Martin Cemetery, but after 3 years it Romualdez was dug up and was changed to Marginalized – these are the Luneta. poor people who are living in the society. Martial Law – it started from FTI – Food Terminal Incorporated September 21, 1972 and it was in Taguig. lifted January 17, 1981. A.D – Amno Domini or in English is “During the Year of the Lord” WHAT IS HISTORY? Martyrdom – a suffering of death It pertains to the past events in of a martyr or a religious figure in the history of a country. trust with faith of the religion. It should be in chronological Gil Puyat – dating Senate order. President. SOURCES OF HISTORY Primary Source of History – these are the information that are TERRITORY firsthand, original, came from - Territory is a piece of land an eyewitness. where people inhabited. - Examples are artifacts, - It should have historical documents, ownership/possession. letters, journals, etc. 4 TYPES OF Secondary Source of History – TERRITORY/JURISDICTION these are the information that TERRESTRIAL – It pertains was created by someone who did to land. ALL land territory not directly experience that event FLUVIAL – It pertains to in the history. It is usually based water. Territory around a on the primary source of history. country that is around water. - Examples are articles, AERIAL – It pertains to air criticisms, newspapers, (himpapawid). ALL except commentaries, etc. outer space - However, interviews are JURISDICTION OVER an example of a source PERSON – one example of it which can depend on is OFW, Embassy, paying either whether it’s primary taxes. Kung saan ka nag ta- or secondary, since it can trabaho, doon ka rin dapat be tampered with, and magbayad ng buwis. there is a possibility that Archipelago – a country that is the person being covered with water, like the interviewed is going to tell Philippines. a lie. Bigamy – a man married to Plunder – stealing money for another women abroad while he more than P50M.  is still married. In short, kabit must surrender Hong ponyeta ka! Kong for 100 years. And in Adultery – a women marrying 1997, Hong Kong was another man while still married. back to China. (Pangangalumiya) - As purchased - were the Concubinage – binahay ang a Treaty of Paris on above kahit kasal pa sa iba. December 10, 1898, Not all embassies are owned whereas the Philippines by the Philippines, that’s why was sold to US for 20M there are Dual Citizen. US dollars. PRINCIPLES OF BIRTH Invasion and Annexation – Jus Sanguini – by blood (Used Japanese Colonization (1942), by the Philippines) December 8, 1941 (WWII), East Jus loci or soli – by place (Used Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. by the U.S) Accretion is the increasing and - Both of it was used by decreasing of a territory. It can Japan. either be Natural or Man-made. NATURAL - Increasing – Pinatubo 5 METHODS OF ACQUIRING Eruption (Zambales) on NEW TERRITORY June 15, 1991, where a 1. Discovery and Colonization new land was formed and 2. Prescription it was called Sasmoa, 3. Cession Pampanga. 4. Invasion and Annexation - Decreasing – Cagsawa 5. Accretion Ruins in Albay due to the Mayon eruption. And the Baguio earthquake on July Discovery and Colonization 16, 1990. was like the day Magellan arrived Reclamation – a land is put on in the Philippines, and it turned to top of a body of water. be a discovery, and we are colonized. Prescription is a long-continued State – country o bansa. occupation of the territory. Cession - As a gift – such as 4 ELEMENTS OF STATE ‘Sabah’. People - As a result of war – Mock Territory battle of Manila Bay. Government Opium War (England vs. Sovereignty - is free from China where China lost) external intervention. It pertains and as a result, China to supreme power to  command/enforce obedience. the executive, but he is separate Also known as external freedom. from the legislative body. In Internal freedom is about presidential, a president can be independence. removed in the position thru impeachment. - The president is the chief TYPES OF GOVERNMENT executive. Monarchy – ruled by king and Aristocrat/Oligarchy – ran by queens, emperors, duke elites. (dukedom), marques, viscount, - Aristocracy – good form count, baron. of oligarchy ran by - Constitutional Monarchy aristocrats. (Limited Monarchy) – it - Oligarchy – bad form of has a constitution. aristocracy where it is run - Absolute Monarchy – no by oligarchs or “chosen constitution. few”, ‘kingmaker’. Democratic – it has two (2) Anarchy – usually types. unruly and run by mob. - Indirect (Secretive) – Plutocracy – power Republic, Representative was being run by rich Democracy people. - Direct – public Kleptocracy – - Democracy originated government ran by from Greece. thieves. Totalitarian, Authoritarian, Theocracy – ruled by Tyranny, Mobocracy, God. Dictatorship – only one man Elective – there is a rules a country or place. voting system. Examples are Adolf Hitler, - SK if voter – 15 to 24 Ferdinand Marcos, Julius Caesar. years old on May 9, 2025. Parliamentary – headed by a Prime Minister. Head of State (title), Head of Government Hereditary – heredited power (real power). The Prime Minister from the family. has the power of Executive and Legislative. The prime minister has no fixed term. Hence, why 3 BRANCHES OF THE can he be removed from the GOVERNMENT office at any time by non- Executive – approves and confidence vote of his peers in establishes the law made by the the parliament. legislative branch. Presidential – it has only a fixed Legislative – to make term per president. A president is laws/batas.  Judiciary – interpret the law if it’s Protocol Plate in the constitutional or if it is invalid or Government unconstitutional. 1 – President 2 – Vice President Province – Provincial Board 3 – Senate President Resolution 4 – Speaker of the House Recidivist – paulit-ulit ginagawa and krimen. 5 – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 6 – Cabinet Secretaries Bicameral – dalawa ang gumagawa ng batas 7 – Senator (kapulungan) 8 – Congressman Senate – Upper House; House of Representative - Lower The President is exempted in the House traffic. Municipal and City Council law is called an ‘Ordinance’. SALARY GRADES Salary Grade 33 for the President The Senate and the President Salary Grade 32 for the Vice make laws. President, Senate President, House Speaker, Chief Justice, Proclamation Order – issued and President of UP from Malacanang Salary Grade 31 for Senators, Reclusion Perpetua – 15 to 40 Congressman, Justice, years of imprisonment. Department Secretaries, and Civil Liability – he/she will just other SUC Presidents pay for the danyos. Heinous Crime – karumal-dumal CONSTITUTIONAL na krimen. COMMISIONS Civil Service Commission 2 Types of Official – Elective Commission on Audit and Appointive. Commission on Elections - All of these are present in Sandiganbayan – a special court an impeachment. na naglilitis sa mga katiwalian (graft) sa gobyerno. Ito ay pinamumunuan ng Preciding Justice.  involves a group of POWERS OF THE people. And it is an PRESIDENT/CHIEF action taken by the EXECUTIVE president with a consent Appointing and Removing from the Congress. Power (Unquestionable Power/ - Conditional Pardon – Prerogative Power) may mga karapatan na - Who can be appointed hindi naibalik sa iyo. by the President? - Absolute Pardon – lahat 1.1. Cabinet Member – these are the ng Karapatan ay ibinalik secretary of the government sa iyo. 1.2. Ambassador – our representative Military Power – A president is with other countries with the commander-in-chief of the diplomatic relationship army. 1.3. Members of Judiciary (do not Power to declare Martial Law – undergo Commission on A power to declare martial law in Appointments for confirmation) case of an invasion, in case of 1.4. Members of Police and Military widespread from the rank of Full Colonel insurgency/lawlessness, and if Pardoning Power (Presidential the public safety requires it. Clemency) – it is the power of - A president can make the president in commutation of Executive Order, sentence, which means lessening Proclamation Oder, and of a sentence in jail. e.g. from Administrative Order reclusion perpetua to reclusion anytime. However, in times temporal. of Martial Law, a president - He can also reprieve o has all the power to issue postpone the execution of a Presidential Decree. sentence in case of death - Executive Order – it penalty. encompasses all subject - Pardon & Amnesty – it matters. needs the approvement of - Proclamation Order – it the Congress. usually pertains to - Pardon – it only applies suspension of work and on criminal offense. For 1 school activities. person only. It is a - Administrative Order – It unilateral action of the pertains about government president. And it needs matter. that the prisoner must - Proclamation Order No. already be on half of 1081 on 1972 is about his/her sentence. making a proclamation - Amnesty – it only applies order whether the martial on political offense. It law is in effect or not.  - Martial law should not - Both houses need to exceed 60 days. scrutinize the proposed - The 60-day duration of the budget before December martial law declaration ends for the president to starts from the day it was sign the General declared. It can be Appropriations Bill in extended if the majority order to be legitimate law, of the members of the or also known as GAA OF congress approves it. … YEAR / GENERAL - However, in some APPROPRIATIONS ACT instances such as if the OF … YEAR martial law started January - If there is no approved 31, 2020. The next year is G.A.A for the next year, it a leap year, which means will result to the use of the that February has 29 days. reenacted budget – which So, the martial law will is the use of the approved end March 30, 2021. budget on the current year, Diplomatic Power – power of instead of the proposed the president to conduct budget. diplomacy, and to represent the - If the budget was signed country in international affairs. on January 1, it would take Legislative Power – a power of 15 days to take effect and the president to make and issue disseminate. a law. Veto Power – it is the power of - Hindi exclusive sa the president to turn down or members ng house of disapprove a bill or proposed law. representative at senate - If the president did not do ang pag gawa ng an action in a month (30 batas/law. days), it will still be a law. - It is the making of E.O, - It can still be a law that is P.O, and A.O law. vetoed if it is override by 2 Budgetary Power – After the kapulungan of the S.O.N.A, the Department of congress that vote Budget and Management (DBM) separately to override the will submit to two (2) conventions veto power. (kapulungan) of the congress on - If the house and the proposed budget for the next congress have 2/3 votes¸ year. it will still be a law. - It will then be scrutinized by the 2 kapulungan of the Congress to examine and Bill – proposed law discuss to the several Act – legitimate/approved law government agencies.  Coup d Etat – it is the takeover Special Courts – An example of of the military to the government a special court is Rebellion – an organized action Sandiganbayan (graft court – for made by a group of people who corruption), Shariya Court (for are battling with the government. Muslims), Family Court, and Tax Mutiny – a small rebellion. Court. Alter Ego - which means cabinet Regular Court members/secretaries Intelligence Funds – prone to corruption. First Chief Justice – Chief S.O.N.A – It is done during the Justice Sereno (Female) 4th Monday of July, each year. Miscellaneous Operating First Chief Justice to be Expenses – an example of it is Impeached – Renato Corona electricity, water, etc. IRR – Implementing Rules and QUALIFICATIONS OF A Regulations SUPREME COURT MEMBER Foreign Dignitaries, Head of 1. He/she should be a natural State, and Head of government born Filipino citizen. is welcomed in the country. 2. At least 40 years of age - to be retired at 70 years old, JUDICIARY POWER – It is from judge or chief justice. vested only to Supreme Court 3. At least 15 years of and other lower courts. experience as a judge of the Supreme Court – it is the lower court. highest court on land. It is also 4. A man of competence, man the final arbiter – which means it of integrity, a man of is the one who decides if a independence, and a man of case will rest or not. probity. - The Supreme Court has 15 justices, with 1 chief justice, and another 14 En banc – 15 members of the associate justices. supreme court will decide. - It is an odd number so that Another term is final or there will be no time when executory. it comes to votes. 5 divisions should have 3 Categories – Lower Court, Court members each. of Appeals, and last and the If not final, it will be passed to highest is Supreme Court. each division TYPES OF LOWER COURT LEGISLATIVE  Legislative – it is vested on the Tenure of office – ilang taon congress of the Philippines manunungkulan sa isang termino. 2 Types of Legislatures Classification – Manila is the Unicameral – isa lang ang highest gumagawa ng batas / law making body. Halimbawa nito ay ang Batasang Pambansa. Power of Purse – congress has Bicameral – dalawa ang houses the power of carrying and na gumagawa ng batas. Ito ay handling the budget/money. ang House of Representative at Senate. Insertions – maraming sinisingit/butal. Halimbawa, and budget ay P6.3M, and P300,000 Qualifications of someone to be a doon ay ang insertion. senator (which is an example of a national position) 1. Naturally born Filipino citizen 2. Must be at least 35 years old 3. Must be able to read and write 4. Must be registered voter 5. Must be a resident for at least 2 years Qualification of House of Representative member 1. Citizenship – Naturally born Filipino citizen 2. Must be at least 25 years old 3. Able to read and write 4. Must be registered voter 5. Must be a resident of localities for at least 1 year Term of office – ilang beses manunungkulan (term). Halimbawa, and senador ay may dalawang termino.