CE, English & Science Reviewers PDF

**CE REVIEWER** - Immutability \- never changing nature - Jehovah \- "The Lord" - El \- "God" - Jehovah Jireh \- the Lord will provide - In Psalms 139, Gods highlighted attribute is omniscience - Omnipotence \- having unlimited power - Omniscience \...

**CE REVIEWER** - Immutability \- never changing nature - Jehovah \- "The Lord" - El \- "God" - Jehovah Jireh \- the Lord will provide - In Psalms 139, Gods highlighted attribute is omniscience - Omnipotence \- having unlimited power - Omniscience \- knowing everything - Eternal \- No beginning and no end - Omnipresence \- everywhere at the same time with his full being - Jehovah Shalom \- The Lord is Peace - El Shaddai \- God Almighty - El Olam \- God Everlasting **ENGLISH REVIEWER** - Modal Verbs: Auxiliary verb that expresses necessities or possibility - Modal verbs are used for: Permission, Obligation, Prohibition, Chance - Conditionals: - Zero Conditional: Always true - First Conditional: Probability - Second Conditional: Unlikely - Third Conditional: Regret - **Communicative Styles** \- Ways information is relayed along with the context and manner it is delivered - **Casual (Informal)** - **Consultative (Semi-formal, Objective)** - **Conversational (Informal)** - **Figures of Speech** \- Are special ways of using words to make it more expressive - Simile \- Compares two things using "like" or "as" Example: Marc is as brave as a lion. - Metaphor \- Directly compares without using "like" or "as" - Personification - Hyperbole - Onomatopoeia - Alliteration **SCIENCE REVIEWER** **Circulatory System** - Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and carries deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide back to the heart and lungs. - **Types of Circulation** - **Pulmonary Circulation** \- Carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart-lungs-back of the heart. - **Systemic Circulation** \- Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the other body parts. - **Coronary Circulation** \- Provides heart with oxygenated blood. **Major Parts of the Circulatory System:** - **Heart** - Pumps blood - Is divided into 4 chambers: Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle 1. **Right Atrium** \- Receives deoxygenated blood 2. **Right Ventricle** \- Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs to oxygenate 3. **Left Atrium** \- Receives oxygenated blood 4. **Left Ventricle** \- Pumps oxygenated blood to body - **Deoxygenated** \- Poor oxygen - **Oxygenated** \- Rich oxygen - **4 Valves of the Hearts:** 1. Tricuspid Valve 2. Pulmonary Valve, 3. Mitral Valve 4. Aortic Valve - **Pericardium** \- Outer layer of the heart - **Superior Vena Cava** \- Receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body - **Inferior Vena Cava (Largest Vein of the Body)** \- Receives deoxygenated blood from the lower body - **Blood** \- Transports oxygen and nutrients - **Composed of:** - **Red Blood Cell (Erythrocytes)** \- Carries fresh oxygen through the body and removes carbon dioxide. \- Makes up 40-45% of blood - **White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)** \- Part of immune system that fights viruses and bacteria. \- There are 5 major types and makes up less than 1% of blood - **Platelets (Thrombocytes)** \- Forms clots to stop bleeding. \- Platelets make up less than 1% of blood. - **Plasma** \- Transports nutrients, hormones, and proteins. \- Yellow liquid that makes up 55% of body's blood values - **Blood Vessels** \- Channels that carry blood throughout your body - **Composed of:** 1. **Arteries** \- Carries blood away from the heart and towards the rest of the body. 2. **Veins** \- Carries blood from the rest of the body back towards the heart. 3. **Capillaries** \- Are the smallest blood vessels that move blood to and from the cells of the body. **Respiratory System** \- Moves oxygen to body \- Removes carbon dioxides - **Respiration** \- Exchange of gases - **Breathing** \- Phase in respiration \- The act of taking air in (inspiration) and out of the lungs (expiration). - **Inhalation** \- Diaphragm contracts and moves downwards \- Ribcage moves upwards and outwards \- Chest expands and lowers air pressure within lungs - **Exhalation** \- Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward \- Ribcage moves downward and towards the center - **Internal Respiration** \- Oxygen diffuses into blood, attaches to hemoglobin \- Cells enter the blood and reaches the lungs \- Hemoglobin in the blood absorbs more oxygen **Parts of the Respiratory System** - **Nasal Cavity** \- Air is filtered through nasal cavity. - **Pharynx** \- Is a passageway for food and air - **Epiglottis** \- Closes the respiratory system when swallowing. - **Larynx** \- Contains vocal chords - **Trachea (Windpipe)** \- Connects the larynx to your lungs - **Primary Bronchi** - **Alveoli** \- Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles - **Esophagus** \- tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach **Diseases of Respiratory and Circulatory System** - **Blood Disorders** - **Hemophilia** \- Blood does not clot - **Anemia** \- Low red blood cells - **Leukemia** \- Increase of white blood cells - **Polycythemia** \- Opposite of anemia - **Leukopenia** \- Opposite of leukemia - **Cardiovascular Diseases** - **Angina Pectoris** \- Chest pain - **Atherosclerosis** \- Cholesterol build up called plaque - **Stroke** \- No blood supply to brain - **Myocardial Infraction (Heart Attack)** \- Insufficient blood to heart - **Hypertensive** \- High Blood Pressure - **Common Respiratory Disorders** - **Asthma** \- Breathing airways narrow/swollen - **Pneumonia** \- Thickened Alveolar walls - **Emphysema** \- Alveoli loses elasticity - **Lung Cancer** \- Triggers growth of cancer cells - **Carbon Monoxide Poisoning** \- Inhalation of gas - **Tuberculosis** \- Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis - **Common Colds** \- Caused by rhinovirus