Earth's Layers: A Detailed Explanation PDF

Earth is divided into four distinct layers but how exactly do we know this no human or machine is physically able to observe the inside of Earth due to its extreme heat and pressure geologists study Earth\'s interior by collecting direct evidence about each layer using Rock samples and indirect evid...

Earth is divided into four distinct layers but how exactly do we know this no human or machine is physically able to observe the inside of Earth due to its extreme heat and pressure geologists study Earth\'s interior by collecting direct evidence about each layer using Rock samples and indirect evidence from seismic waves caused by earthquakes. whether you are walking in your neighborhood going for a hike or playing on Sandy Beach you are interacting with the Earth\'s crust the crust is Earth\'s outermost layer a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and ocean floor the composition of the crust beneath the ocean is balls that rock continental crust is composed of granite rock the crust is the only layer that can support life but it makes up just 1% of Earth\'s total mass the curse is the most rigid lightest thinnest and coldest layer it is thickest under high mountains and thinnest beneath the ocean floor thickness 5 to 70 km temperature varies average 14 degrees Celsius density 2.723 depth 0 to 70 km. the mantle is a layer of hot solid rock beneath the crust the upper mantle is a solid Little Rock-like crust below this part the mantle gets increasingly hotter and contains less rigid bendable Rock blower mantle is the hottest part of the mantle and it is under intense pressure the material of the lower mantle is more rigid than the material above it. The difference in pressure and heat between the upper and lower layers can cause magma to form within the upper mantle magma is a molten mixture of rock-forming substances gases and water from the mantle as magma gets hotter expands it can rise to the surface and form a volcano. thickness about 2,890 km temperature 1,000 to 3,700 density of 4.5 that from surface 5 to 2,890 km. Earth\'s core is divided into two layers the outer core and the inner core directly below the mantle is Earth\'s outer core a layer of molten or liquid metal evidence suggests that the outer core is made up of iron and nickel despite extremely high pressure the outer core is a liquid that is very malleable able to stretch and bend scientists think the movement of the liquids in the outer core creates Earth\'s magnetic field. thickness about 2,260 km temperature 4,500 to 5,500 density about 11 depth from surface 2890 to 5,150 km. the inner core is a dense spear solid metal found in the center of Earth like the outer core scientific evidence suggests it is composed of iron and nickel the temperature and the inner core exceeds the melting point for iron however the extreme pressure in the inner core squeezes the particles of iron and nickel so much they cannot spread out to become a liquid thickness about 1,220 km temperature 5,200 Celsius density about 13 debt from surface 5,150 to 6,370 km Everything on Earth is classified into four main systems called spheres matter and energy are constantly cycling through these Spears the interactions shape Earth\'s surface each bear has a role in making Earth home to living things the parts of Earth is classified into Force beers the biosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and geosphere life exists all over Earth and in all kinds of conditions it can be found deep below the surface of the ocean and high above in the Himalayan Mountains the components of Earth that include all living things make up the biosphere living things include animals plants bacteria and fungi interact with each other within the biosphere all components of Air flight include water make up the hydrosphere what on Earth exist as ice liquid water and water vapor the hydrosphere helps moderate earth\'s climate water observes heat from the sun will snow and ice reflect sunlight without the hydrosphere Earth would be extremely different in temperMost of Earth\'s mass is in the form of rock and metal found in the geosphere the geosphere includes before layers of Earth the crust mantle outer court and inner core these layers of man of solid and liquid metal and rockature that would make the planet and suitable for living things moderate can be used as an adjective or a verb. the atmosphere Is the relatively thin envelope of gases that surround Earth the majority of the atmosphere is found in the layer closest to Earth\'s surface called the troposphere the atmosphere contains Earth\'s weather including clouds and precipitation and is the foundation for different climates around the world it also protects the planet from extreme heat and dangerous radiation from the ozone I\'m atmosphere is made of air which is a mixture of gases including nitrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide. All rocks are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials. Geologists classify rocks into three main types according to how they form in the rock cycle. Sedimentary rocks are made up of particles from other rocks. Sedimentary rocks are soft and often have layers. Weathering erosion and deposition, compaction, and imitation are what cause them to form. Weathering is when rocks are broken down. Erosion is when rock fragments are transported. Deposition is when the rocks are placed somewhere else. Over time, the compact together and cement into place. Metamorphic rock forms under intense pressure and heat.Rock-\> metamorphic rock due to the mantle. Ingenious rock forms when magma or lava cools and hardens. They can vary significantly. The 2 main types are extrusive and intrusive. Extrusive rock cools rapidly above Earth's surface and may contain small crystals or no crystals at all. Ex= Pumice. Intrusive ingenious rock cools slowly and contains large crystals. Ex=Granite. The rock cycle is a series of processes that occur on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly transform rocks from one kind to another. Processes include weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation. [[https://www.wondercraft.ai/e/2txHkcj7]](https://www.wondercraft.ai/e/2txHkcj7)