Review Sheet: Federalist Period, Jeffersonian Era, and Age of Jackson PDF

‭Review‬‭Sheet:‬‭Federalist‬‭Period,‬‭Jeffersonian‬‭Era,‬‭and‬‭Age‬‭of‬‭Jackson‬ ‭A.‬ ‭Federalist‬‭Period‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Washington‬‭(1788-1796)‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Rise‬‭of‬‭political‬‭parties‬‭(Federalist‬‭and‬‭Democratic-Republicans)‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Growth‬‭of‬‭federal‬‭gover...

‭Review‬‭Sheet:‬‭Federalist‬‭Period,‬‭Jeffersonian‬‭Era,‬‭and‬‭Age‬‭of‬‭Jackson‬ ‭A.‬ ‭Federalist‬‭Period‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Washington‬‭(1788-1796)‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Rise‬‭of‬‭political‬‭parties‬‭(Federalist‬‭and‬‭Democratic-Republicans)‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Growth‬‭of‬‭federal‬‭government‬‭(e.g.,‬‭presidential‬‭cabinet;‬‭national‬‭bank)‬ ‭d.‬ ‭Federalists‬‭believed‬‭in‬‭strong‬‭government‬‭with‬‭broad‬‭powers‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Use‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Necessary‬‭and‬‭Proper‬‭clause‬‭(“elastic‬‭clause”)‬‭Art.‬ ‭I,‬‭sec.‬‭8‬ ‭e.‬ ‭Democratic-Republicans:‬‭believed‬‭in‬‭states’‬‭rights,‬‭common‬‭man,‬‭limited‬ ‭power‬‭of‬‭the‬‭federal‬‭government,‬‭agrarian‬‭society‬ ‭B.‬ ‭Economic‬‭Relations‬‭during‬‭Federalist‬‭Period:‬ ‭a.‬ ‭National‬‭Bank:‬‭dealt‬‭with‬‭monetary‬‭issues‬‭and‬‭debt‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Increase‬‭of‬‭taxes‬‭on‬‭several‬‭goods‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Whiskey‬‭Rebellion‬‭(1794):‬‭Distillers‬‭in‬‭PA‬‭rioted‬‭against‬‭taxes‬‭on‬ ‭whiskey;‬‭Washington‬‭led‬‭the‬‭army‬‭to‬‭quiet‬‭the‬‭rebellion‬ ‭C.‬ ‭International‬‭Affairs‬‭during‬‭Federalist‬‭Period‬ ‭a.‬ ‭French‬‭Revolution‬ ‭i.‬ ‭worried‬‭the‬‭Federalists‬‭because‬‭it‬‭represented‬‭rule‬‭by‬‭the‬‭masses;‬ ‭doubted‬‭whether‬‭the‬‭US‬‭should‬‭support‬‭the‬‭revolution‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭Democratic-Republicans‬‭embraced‬‭the‬‭French‬‭Revolution;‬‭belief‬‭in‬ ‭the‬‭common‬‭man‬‭and‬‭limited‬‭government‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Neutrality‬‭Proclamation‬‭(1793):‬‭US‬‭to‬‭stay‬‭neutral‬‭so‬‭as‬‭to‬‭avoid‬‭conflict‬ ‭with‬‭Britain‬‭and‬‭France‬‭as‬‭well‬‭as‬‭to‬‭protect‬‭trade‬‭with‬‭all‬‭of‬‭Europe‬ ‭D.‬ ‭Washington’s‬‭farewell‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Served‬‭two‬‭full‬‭terms‬‭which‬‭set‬‭a‬‭precedent‬‭for‬‭future‬‭presidents‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Warned‬‭against‬‭the‬‭rise‬‭of‬‭political‬‭parties‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Warned‬‭against‬‭the‬‭country‬‭getting‬‭involved‬‭in‬‭foreign‬‭treaties/alliances‬ ‭E.‬ ‭John‬‭Adams‬‭presidency‬‭(1796-1800)‬ ‭a.‬ ‭narrowly‬‭defeats‬‭Jefferson‬‭in‬‭1796‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Domestic‬‭Affairs:‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Alien‬‭and‬‭Sedition‬‭Acts‬‭(1798):‬‭made‬‭it‬‭illegal‬‭to‬‭speak‬‭negatively‬ ‭about‬‭the‬‭government;‬‭way‬‭to‬‭control‬‭the‬‭masses‬‭(who‬‭may‬‭not‬ ‭know‬‭what’s‬‭good‬‭for‬‭them)‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭Virginia‬‭and‬‭Kentucky‬‭Resolutions‬‭(1798):‬‭response‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Alien‬ ‭and‬‭Sedition‬‭Acts‬ ‭1.‬ ‭Idea‬‭was‬‭that‬‭states‬‭could‬‭“nullify”‬‭(cancel)‬‭a‬‭law‬‭from‬ ‭Congress‬‭that‬‭they‬‭determined‬‭was‬‭unconstitutional‬‭(This‬ ‭argument‬‭later‬‭used‬‭by‬‭southern‬‭secessionists)‬ ‭F.‬ ‭Federalist‬‭Legacy‬  ‭.‬ a ‭ reserved‬‭democratic‬‭gains‬‭of‬‭the‬‭American‬‭Revolution‬ P ‭b.‬ ‭Stayed‬‭out‬‭of‬‭war‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Expansion‬‭of‬‭federal‬‭government‬ ‭d.‬ ‭Financial‬‭institutions‬‭(e.g.,‬‭National‬‭Bank)‬ ‭e.‬ ‭Enduring‬‭political‬‭divisions‬ ‭G.‬ ‭Jefferson‬‭Administration:‬‭(1800-1808)‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Jefferson‬‭beats‬‭Adams‬‭and‬‭Aaron‬‭Burr‬‭because:‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Alien‬‭and‬‭Sedition‬‭Acts‬‭wildly‬‭unpopular‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭Taxes‬‭also‬‭unpopular‬ ‭iii.‬ ‭Rising‬‭national‬‭debt‬ ‭1.‬ ‭These‬‭three‬‭things‬‭undermined‬‭Adams‬‭being‬‭reelected‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Jefferson’s‬‭Administration:‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Louisiana‬‭Purchase‬‭(1803)‬ ‭1.‬ ‭Expanded‬‭US‬‭territory‬ ‭2.‬ ‭Constitutional‬‭authority‬‭to‬‭buy‬‭this‬‭land???‬ ‭3.‬ ‭Lewis‬‭and‬‭Clark‬‭expedition‬‭to‬‭discover‬‭what‬‭was‬‭in‬‭the‬‭new‬ ‭territory‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭repeals‬‭Alien‬‭and‬‭Sedition‬‭Acts‬‭and‬‭excise‬‭taxes‬‭(both‬‭popular‬ ‭moves)‬ ‭iii.‬ ‭gets‬‭upset‬‭about‬‭Britian‬‭“impressing”‬‭Americans‬‭off‬‭of‬‭ships‬‭(act‬ ‭of‬‭forcibly‬‭taking‬‭someone‬‭to‬‭serve‬‭in‬‭the‬‭British‬‭navy)‬ ‭iv.‬ ‭gets‬‭upset‬‭with‬‭the‬‭trade‬‭limitations‬‭placed‬‭upon‬‭the‬‭US‬‭by‬‭Britain‬ ‭during‬‭Napoleonic‬‭Wars‬ ‭v.‬ ‭imposes‬‭and‬‭Embargo‬‭Act‬‭(1807)‬‭–‬‭limited‬‭US‬‭trade‬‭but‬‭hurts‬‭US‬ ‭shipping‬‭and‬‭general‬‭economy‬ ‭H.‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Democratic-Republicans‬‭and‬‭Federalists‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Parties‬‭disagreed‬‭on:‬ ‭1.‬ ‭Amount‬‭of‬‭power‬‭of‬‭the‬‭federal‬‭government‬ ‭2.‬ ‭Constitutional‬‭interpretation‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Marbury‬‭v.‬‭Madison‬‭(1803)‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Result‬‭of‬‭the‬‭case‬‭was‬‭that‬‭the‬‭Supreme‬‭Court‬ ‭had‬‭the‬‭power‬‭of‬‭“judicial‬‭review”‬‭–‬‭the‬ ‭authority‬‭to‬‭rule‬‭on‬‭laws‬‭or‬‭actions‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭executive‬‭and‬‭legislative‬‭branches‬‭to‬ ‭determine‬‭if‬‭they‬‭are‬‭constitutional‬‭or‬‭not‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭Expanded‬‭court’s‬‭authority‬‭–‬‭declaring‬‭laws‬ ‭unconstitutional‬‭is‬‭a‬‭huge‬‭deal!‬ ‭3.‬ ‭National‬‭Bank‬  ‭4.‬ E ‭ conomy:‬‭growing‬‭divide‬‭between‬‭the‬‭more‬‭industrial‬‭North‬ ‭and‬‭the‬‭agrarian‬‭South‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Growing‬‭sectionalism:‬ ‭i.‬ ‭North‬‭had‬‭a‬‭growth‬‭in‬‭cities,‬‭industrialization,‬‭and‬‭population;‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭South‬‭was‬‭agrarian,‬‭few‬‭cities,‬‭almost‬‭no‬‭industry;‬‭smaller‬ ‭population‬ ‭iii.‬ ‭Technology‬ ‭1.‬ ‭Cotton‬‭Gin‬ ‭2.‬ ‭Steamboat‬ ‭3.‬ ‭Interchangeable‬‭parts‬‭(e.g.‬‭rifle,‬‭machinery)‬ ‭a.‬ ‭These‬‭advances‬‭in‬‭technology‬‭led‬‭to‬‭further‬‭divisions‬ ‭between‬‭North‬‭and‬‭South‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Slavery‬‭continues‬‭to‬‭grow‬‭in‬‭the‬‭South‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Growing‬‭Nationalism‬‭in‬‭US‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Americans‬‭feel‬‭that‬‭they‬‭deserved‬‭more‬‭respect‬‭from‬‭others‬ ‭especially‬ ‭Britain.‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭Felt‬‭it‬‭was‬‭their‬‭birthright‬‭to‬‭settle‬‭the‬‭interior‬‭of‬‭the‬‭continent‬‭and‬ ‭didn’t‬‭like‬‭Britain‬‭allying‬ ‭with‬‭Native‬‭Americans‬‭to‬‭halt‬‭American‬ ‭settlement‬‭westward‬ ‭I.‬ ‭James‬‭Madison‬‭(1808-1816)‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Elected‬‭in‬‭1808‬ ‭i.‬ ‭War‬‭of‬‭1812‬‭occurs‬‭under‬‭Madison‬ ‭1.‬ ‭Causes‬‭of‬‭war:‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Nationalism:‬‭strong‬‭feeling‬‭that‬‭Britain‬‭was‬‭impeding‬ ‭American‬‭expansion;‬‭desire‬‭for‬‭respect‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Trade:‬‭American‬‭trade‬‭hurt‬‭by‬‭restrictions‬‭placed‬‭on‬ ‭them‬‭by‬‭Britain‬‭and‬‭France‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Native‬‭Americans:‬‭allied‬ ‭with‬‭British‬ ‭d.‬ ‭Neutrality:‬‭desire‬‭to‬‭remain‬‭neutral‬‭and‬‭out‬‭of‬ ‭Europe’s‬‭way‬‭apart‬‭from‬‭trade‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭Result‬‭of‬‭the‬‭War‬‭of‬‭1812‬ ‭1.‬ ‭US‬‭victory‬ ‭2.‬ ‭Small‬‭conflict‬‭compared‬‭to‬‭other‬‭wars‬ ‭3.‬ ‭Treaty‬‭of‬‭Ghent‬‭(1815)‬‭–‬‭ends‬‭war;‬‭settles‬‭boundary‬‭with‬ ‭Canada;‬‭Midwest‬‭opened‬‭up‬‭for‬‭settlement‬ ‭iii.‬ ‭Hartford‬‭Convention‬‭(1814):‬‭Federalists‬‭in‬‭New‬‭England‬‭met‬‭to‬ ‭consider‬‭whether‬‭to‬‭have‬‭New‬‭England‬‭states‬‭break‬‭away‬‭from‬‭the‬  ‭ S‬‭because‬‭sectional‬‭differences‬‭were‬‭considered‬‭to‬‭be‬‭too‬ U ‭significant‬ ‭J.‬ ‭James‬‭Monroe‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Era‬‭of‬‭Good‬‭Feelings‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Elected‬‭in‬‭1816‬‭serves‬‭until‬‭1824‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Era‬‭of‬‭Good‬‭Feelings‬‭suggests‬‭that‬‭the‬‭period‬‭under‬‭Monroe‬‭was‬ ‭positive‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Growing‬‭nationalism‬‭(devotion‬‭and‬‭loyalty‬‭to‬‭your‬‭country/nation)‬ ‭coming‬‭off‬‭a‬‭victory‬‭against‬‭the‬‭British‬ ‭1.‬ ‭National‬‭Anthem‬‭written‬‭during‬‭the‬‭War‬‭of‬‭1812‬ ‭2.‬ ‭Westward‬‭settlement‬‭and‬‭new‬‭states‬‭admitted‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Union‬ ‭3.‬ ‭Nationalism‬‭reflected‬‭in‬‭art‬‭and‬‭literature‬‭(becoming‬‭less‬ ‭European‬‭and‬‭more‬‭distinctly‬‭“American”)‬ ‭4.‬ ‭“American‬‭System”‬‭–‬‭introduced‬‭by‬‭Henry‬‭Clay‬‭(basically‬ ‭building‬‭up‬‭the‬‭American‬‭economy‬‭by‬‭producing‬‭more‬‭and‬ ‭importing‬‭less)‬ ‭5.‬ ‭Adams-Onis‬‭Treaty‬‭(1819):‬‭US‬‭gets‬‭territory‬‭(Florida)‬‭from‬ ‭Spain‬‭and‬‭settles‬‭territorial‬‭boundary‬‭between‬‭Spain‬‭and‬‭US‬ ‭6.‬ ‭Monroe‬‭Doctrine‬‭(1823)‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Reflects‬‭American‬‭view‬‭that‬‭every‬‭country‬‭should‬‭stay‬ ‭out‬‭of‬‭America’s‬‭business,‬‭which‬‭meant‬‭staying‬‭out‬‭of‬ ‭North‬‭and‬‭South‬‭America‬ ‭b.‬ ‭US‬‭tells‬‭Europe‬‭to‬‭stay‬‭away‬‭and‬‭not‬‭interfere‬‭with‬ ‭Latin‬‭America‬‭and,‬‭in‬‭turn,‬‭American‬‭would‬‭stay‬‭out‬‭of‬ ‭Europe’s‬‭business‬ ‭K.‬ ‭Sectionalism‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Divide‬‭between‬‭sections‬‭of‬‭the‬‭North,‬‭South‬‭and‬‭West‬ ‭i.‬ ‭Definable‬‭characteristics‬‭but‬‭no‬‭fixed‬‭boundaries‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭Economic‬‭differences‬ ‭1.‬ ‭Agriculture‬‭v.‬‭industry‬ ‭iii.‬ ‭Issues‬‭over‬‭slavery‬ ‭iv.‬ ‭Population‬‭in‬‭North‬‭is‬‭growing‬‭more‬‭rapidly‬‭than‬‭in‬‭the‬‭South‬ ‭v.‬ ‭Cities‬‭(North)‬‭develop‬‭while‬‭there‬‭is‬‭sparser‬‭population‬‭in‬‭South‬ ‭L.‬ ‭Missouri‬‭Compromise‬‭(1820)‬ ‭a.‬ ‭A‬‭major‬‭example‬‭of‬‭sectionalism‬‭in‬‭America‬‭is‬‭over‬‭slavery‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Around‬‭1820,‬‭Missouri‬‭applied‬‭for‬‭statehood.‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Problem:‬‭Missouri‬‭was‬‭a‬‭slave‬‭state‬‭and‬‭their‬‭admission‬‭would‬‭tip‬‭the‬ ‭balance‬‭of‬‭slave‬‭v.‬‭free‬‭states‬ ‭d.‬ ‭The‬‭compromise‬‭was:‬  ‭i.‬ t‭o‬‭admit‬‭Maine‬‭as‬‭a‬‭free‬‭state‬‭to‬‭counter-balance‬‭Missouri’s‬ ‭admission‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭Establish‬‭a‬‭line‬‭at‬‭the‬‭36’‬‭30”‬‭parallel‬‭which‬‭to‬‭the‬‭south‬‭would‬‭be‬ ‭slave‬‭and‬‭to‬‭the‬‭North‬‭it‬‭would‬‭be‬‭free‬‭(except‬‭Missouri)‬ ‭M.‬ ‭John‬‭Quincy‬‭Adams‬‭(6‬‭th‬ ‭president;‬‭1824-1828)‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Ends‬‭the‬‭Virginia‬‭Dynasty‬‭of‬‭presidents‬‭from‬‭Virginia‬‭(4/5‬‭of‬‭the‬‭first‬ ‭presidents‬‭from‬‭Virginia)‬ ‭N.‬ ‭Andrew‬‭Jackson‬‭(7‬‭th‬ ‭president;‬‭1828-1836)‬ ‭a.‬ ‭First‬‭president‬‭elected,‬‭in‬‭part,‬‭by‬‭common‬‭people;‬‭extension‬‭of‬‭suffrage‬ ‭to‬‭non-property‬‭holders‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Strong‬‭defender‬‭of‬‭the‬‭“common‬‭man”‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Era‬‭often‬‭referred‬‭to‬‭as‬‭“Jacksonian‬‭Democracy”‬ ‭d.‬ ‭Indian‬‭Removal‬‭Act‬‭of‬‭1830‬‭and‬‭the‬‭negative‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭that‬‭policy‬ ‭e.‬ ‭Fought‬‭off‬‭secessionists‬‭and‬‭supporters‬‭of‬‭nullification‬ ‭O.‬ ‭Manifest‬‭Destiny‬ ‭Larger‬‭questions‬‭and‬‭concepts‬‭to‬‭review:‬ ‭1.‬ W ‭ hat‬‭is‬‭Manifest‬‭Destiny‬‭and‬‭how‬‭does‬‭that‬‭concept‬‭impact‬ ‭the‬‭development‬‭of‬‭the‬‭US?‬ ‭2.‬ ‭Discuss‬‭the‬‭Monroe‬‭Doctrine‬‭and‬‭how‬‭that‬‭reflects‬‭growing‬ ‭nationalism‬‭in‬‭the‬‭US.‬ ‭3.‬ ‭Discuss‬‭how‬‭the‬‭different‬‭sections‬‭of‬‭the‬‭country‬‭in‬‭the‬‭first‬ ‭half‬‭of‬‭the‬‭19‬‭th‬ ‭century‬‭differed‬‭and‬‭what‬‭were‬‭the‬‭results‬‭of‬ ‭these‬‭differences?‬ ‭4.‬ ‭Causes‬‭and‬‭results‬‭of‬‭the‬‭War‬‭of‬‭1812.‬ ‭5.‬ ‭How‬‭did‬‭the‬‭Federalists‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Democratic-Republicans‬ ‭differ?‬ ‭6.‬ ‭Discuss‬‭the‬‭Missouri‬‭Compromise‬‭and‬‭how‬‭it‬‭might‬‭have‬‭led‬ ‭to‬‭furthering‬‭tensions‬‭between‬‭sections‬‭of‬‭the‬‭country.‬