rev-dat.pdf

Internet - a globally connected network system that facilitates communication and data services through a vast collection of private, public, business, academic, and government networks. Sender - is the individual who initiates a message and is also called the communicator or source o...

Internet - a globally connected network system that facilitates communication and data services through a vast collection of private, public, business, academic, and government networks. Sender - is the individual who initiates a message and is also called the communicator or source of communication. The sender might be a speaker, a writer, or someone who merely gestures. Receiver - The listener, reader, or observer to whom a message is directed. Transmission Medium - a physical path between the transmitter and the receiver i.e. it is the channel through which data is sent from one place to another. Tv, radio, cp Protocol - is a standardized set of rules for formatting and processing data. Protocols enable computers to communicate with one another. Message - the information writting/speech OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection- OSI Model 7 Layer Application Layer - Responsible for providing services to the user. Create the data Session Layer - It stablish, maintain, synchronize, and terminate the interaction between sender and receiver. Connections are established and managed. Transport Layer - Responsible for process to process delivery. Data is broken into segments for reliable delivery. Network Layer - Responsible for delivery of individual packet from source to destination. Segments are packaged into packets and routed. Data Link Layer - Responsible for moving frame from one hop to next hop. Packets are framed and sent to the next device. Physical Layer - Responsible for moving individual bits from one device to the next device. Frames are converted into bits and transmitted physically Oui - organizationally unique identifier Ethernet is Local/private - is a networking technology that includes the protocol, port, cable, and computer chip needed to plug a desktop or laptop into a local area network (LAN) is the traditional technology for connecting devices in a wired local area network (LAN) or wide area network Internet is global/public - is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. Manufacturer identifier - Mac Wan/Microcomputer to Lan/ Wireless User Logical - Software connection Group 2 Different Transmission Media or Medium Transmission media in computer networks refer to the physical means through which signals are transmitted from one device to another. It serves as a conduit for the transfer of data, allowing communication between devices within a network. Transmission media can be categorized into two main types: Guided Media (wired) - Guided media also known as wired media use physical cables to transmit signals. The three commonly used types of guided media in computer networks are coaxial cable, twisted-pair cable, and fiber optic. Unguided Media (wireless) – Unguided media also known as wireless media rely on radio waves, microwaves, or infrared light to transmit signals through the air without the use of physical cables. Let’s explore each subtype of unguided media. Wired Transmission Media Twisted pair cable Coaxial cable Fiber optic cable Wireless Transmission Media Radio wave Microwave Infrared Satellite Group 3 ISO STANDARDS AND ISO STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS IN DATA PROTOCOLS IN DATA COMMUNICATION ISO: the International Organization for Standardization ISO is an independent, non governmental international organization. It brings global experts together to agree on the best ways of doing things. One key ISO standard is the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which breaks down communication into seven layers, ensuring that different networking functions (like transmission, routing, and encryption) are standardized and compatible Group 4 Network Topologies - refers to the arrangement of different elements like nodes, links, or devices in a computer network. Point to Point Topology - the simplest methodis a way of connecting twonodes (computer, laptop,mobile device, router, hub orswitch through a common medium Bus Topology - every computer and network device is connected to a single cable. common transmission medium bi-directional Ring Topology forms a ring connecting devices with exactly two neighboring devices. uni-directional star Topology all the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. Centralized Management Mesh Topology - all the nodes or devices are directly or partially connected to each other Tree Topology - variation of star topology hierarchical flow of data there is one central node (the “trunk”), and each node is connected to the central node through a single path Hybrid Topology - an interconnection of two or more basic network topologies, each of which contains its own nodes