Arabic Grammar Rules PDF

A) Parts of speech (lesson 01): a) Nouns : i) Common nouns :names of place, things, generally not capitalized Ex : book, phone, school ii) Proper nouns : name of particular person, place, generally capitalized Ex : Islem,Mohs...

A) Parts of speech (lesson 01): a) Nouns : i) Common nouns :names of place, things, generally not capitalized Ex : book, phone, school ii) Proper nouns : name of particular person, place, generally capitalized Ex : Islem,Mohsin, Sunny Academy.. b) Adverb : clearly ,bravely, tomorrow, well, before, daily, twice, almost, forward c) Pronoun : i, you , she ,he ,it , mine, yours, hers, this, that,these, who,whom,what,which… d) Adjective : old, big, small, heavy, clear, brave e) Verb : bayn f) Preposition (7orof ljar) :on, in,above,under, behind,between. g) Conjunction : and,but,or,nor,for,so… h) Interjection : a word that express emotion: craap!! wow! Yippee! Yayy! Articles : the, an, a Ps: daret chwiya simple exercises ala hado B) Sentences type : (lesson 2) a) Simple sentence : contains only one subject + one verb Ex : Robots moves quickly. Conversion into simple sentence : Ex : the robot completed its task, and it shut down. => the robot completed its task, the robot shut down. b) Compound sentences : contains 2 or more independent (te9der tnahi wahda mnhom w yb9a lel jomla full meaning) clauses w tarbet binathom with (for,nor,and,so,but,or,yet) Ex : the robots navigate the room autonomously, and it avoids obstacles using its sensors. Conversion into compound sentence : (lesson 2 35:00) Ex : Ai is powerful,it still needs updates. => Ai is powerful but it still needs updates c) Complex sentences : contains one independent clause,and at least one dependent clause (tlga fel jomla : although, still, because, when, while…) Ex : although robots can work continuously, they still need maintenance  Ex : when the robot detects an obstacle, it changes its direction d) Compound-complex sentences: contains at least 2 independent clauses and an dependent one Ex : Although the dog barks, the cat remains calm and the bird fly away C) Ponctuation : - Hypone - : english-speakers, next-door, right-handed. - Apostrophe ‘ : my father’s car, couldn't, won’t. - Comma , : lesson(3) 19:45 + dirha 9bel after f nos t3 kach jomla - Colon : : kayen 2 types of robots : robot 1 and robot 2. - Quotation mark “”: the engineer said “we need to fix the robot”. - Parentheses () : dirham ki ykon char7 zayd t9dr tnahih w tb9a ljomla kamla - Ex : the AI system made a suggestion (which turned out to be correct) in the final exam D) Technical english ( TE )(lesson 3) : a) Definition : refers to specific language used in technical specific context b) Caracteristique : i) Clarity and precision : TE simplifies complex rules of standard english ii) Controlled language : specified TE impose specific writing rules and limited vocabulary c) Importance of terminology (l mostala7at) i) Safety and efficiency : a good terminology can helps prevent misunderstanding that leads to accidents ii) Cost-effectiveness: by reducing the complexity of text you can decrease translation costs by 30% iii) Global communication : TE facilitate and allows professionals from different regions to collaborate without confusion over terms d) Role of terminology in TE : leading to a clear communication in specialized fields, unhace safety and improve efficiency, also convey complex ideas succinctly e) Terminology breakdown (bech tfhm terminology): i) Understanding Prefixes and suffixes ii) Understanding common phrases and jargon f) Jargon : specialized language or terminology used by a group to facilitate communication of members in the same group or fields, and it can be difficult for outsiders.  - Here's some synonyms for word Jargon : slang, terminology, cant, argot g) Communication skills in TE : is important for several reasons i) Understand the Complexity of information: to avoid any errors in the projects ii) Safety and compliance: to avoid any risk of accidents caused by misunderstanding iii) Collaborations across disciplines(IT, AI, project managers) iv) Documentation and standards : it will be easier to follow the guidelines and procedures h) Impact of miscommunication in automation context : i) Operational errors : misunderstanding during the automation process can lead to incorrect programming robotic systems. ii) Increased costs : miscommunication can lead to errors that necessitate costly rework or repair iii) Loss of trust : it can erode trust among the membres and stakeholders iv) Regulatory issues. Important : kayen exos ta3 definitions in lesson 4 f lakher check it out E) lesson (6) a) Importance of scientific and technical text across fields : i) Knowledge transfer : by sharing discoveries and methods among policymakers, researchers. ii) Informed decision making : by guiding professionals to make decisions that impact public safety and health. iii) Innovation and development : by supporting professionals to create new technologies and solve problems iv) Education and training by preparing students for the professional career b) Scientific text: i) Definition : written documents that convey information about theories and concepts based on scientific knowledge. ii) Structure 1) Introduction : provides background, states of research, questions and hypothesis 2) Methodes describe experimental design, materiels ,procedure  3) Results presents finding clearly with graphs and tables without interception 4) Discussion intercepts results and compare it with the research and suggest future direction. c) Contribution forms to scientific text : i) Original research : by presenting novel experimental results or theoretical models. ii) Literature review : by checking the previous researches to highlights gaps of knowledge iii) Case studies : by providing detailed analyses of specific application that illustrate theoretical concepts d) Analyzes of scientific text : i) Main ideas : identify the primary idea that could be found either in the introduction or conclusion ii) Supporting details : look for evidence that backs up the main idea such data, citation, research , exemples iii) Summerazing : summarizing main idea and supporting details into concise statement helps solidify understanding e) Key roles of Summarizing scientific text : i) Classification of key concepts ii) Enhanced retention iii) Identification of relationships iv) Facilitations of reviews v) Develop critical thinking skills f) Steps to create effective summarize : i) Planning : 1) Read actively :read carefully and highlight key notes 2) Identify main ideas : determine main and supporting ideas written in the text 3) Outline structure : this will help u organize your thoughts ii) Writing : 1) Use your own words: don't copy phrases directly from the text 2) Be concise : aim for the essence of the text with no unnecessary elaboration  3) Maintain objectivity: don't insert personal opinions or interceptions iii) Revising : 1) Review the accuracy : by comparing it to the original text 2) Check for clarity : revise your text for clarity and coherence 3) Edit for brevity : eliminate any unnecessary details F) Lesson 7 (daretha kamel exo sma li interested yroh ychof l7al) a) Technical texts for automation include technical reports, user manuals and research papers. b) Common structure of technical text : i) Abstract : by summarizing the main points of the text ii) Introduction : provides context and outline the objectives of the text iii) Methodology : describe the methods used in research iv) Result : present finding clearly and concisely v) Conclusion : summarize key takeaways and implications G) lesson 8, lesson 9 kamel exo check them out Galet l’examen ytih haka H) lesson 10 : Technical report a) Definition : its a document that provides a detailed and structured account of a specific technical project or researches. b) Characteristic of technical reports : i) Purpose : explain processes or solutions to convey technical findings ii) Structure : include sections as : abstract, introduction, methodology, result, conclusion and references iii) Audience: li homa technical engineers or scientists or decision makers iv) Tone and style: objective, clear and precise c) How to write a technical report in 11 steps : 1) Understand the purpose and audience 2) Gather informations 3) Create an outline 4) Write an introduction that provides report’s context 5) Write the methods section 6) Present the results 7) Write the discussion 8) Conclude the report 9) Add references 10)Prepare appendices (optional) 11) Review and revise