Resources and Development Class 10 PDF

CLASS 10 NOTES SOCIAL SCIENCE Resources and Development PRASHANT KIRAD  PRASHANT KIRAD Resources and development Everything available in our environment that can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technological...

CLASS 10 NOTES SOCIAL SCIENCE Resources and Development PRASHANT KIRAD  PRASHANT KIRAD Resources and development Everything available in our environment that can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as RESOURCES. On the basis of On the basis of Classification of resources: their ownership status of development On the basis On the basis of Individual Potential of origin exhaustibility Community Developed Biotic Renewable National Stock Abiotic Non renewable International Reserve D Development of resources The resources are the gift of RA Major problems The centralized control of KI nature. As a result, people use resources in a few hands split them indiscriminately. society into two groups rich T (E.M.A) and poor. AN People use resources greedily. Sustainable development H Sustainable Development is the development that should take place without AS damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generation. PR Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit,1992 In June 1992: First International Summit Agenda 21 : Adopted agenda 21 COMBAT DISEASES Resource planning COMBAT ENVIRONMENT Resource planning is a systematic strategy for the ERADICATE POVERTY EVERY LOCAL GOVT. TO efficient and sustainable utilization of resources. SET LOCAL AGENDA It ensures the equitable distribution and SUSTAINABLE conservation of resources to meet present and DEVELOPMENT future needs. Process of Resource planning : This is a technique or skill of proper utilization of resources. Resource planning consists of three stages - Identification and inventory of resources: Involves surveying, mapping and measurement of characteristics and properties and properties of resources. JOSH METER?  PRASHANT KIRAD Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skills, and institutional set-up for implementing resource development plans. Matching: The resources development plans with overall national development plans. ‘’THE WORLD HAS ENOUGH FOR EVERYONE’S NEED, Conservation of resources BUT NOT ENOUGH FOR EVERYONE’S GREED” - MAHATMA GANDHI Irrational consumption and overutilization of resources result in socio-economic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource conservation at various levels is important. LAND RESOURCES Land is an asset with finite magnitude. Land utilization D Land resources are utilized for the Net sown area RA following purposes: 1. Use of land resources The physical Gross cropped area KI 2. Forest extend of land on Area sown more 3. Land not available for cultivation which crops are than once in an T 4. Barren and wasteland sown and agriculture years AN 5. Cultivable waste land harvested known plus net sown area 6. Fallow land as Net Sown Area. is called Gross H 7. Net sown area cropped Area. AS Land left without cultivation for one PR or more than one Fallow lands agricultural year. Land Degradation The decrease in the quality of land due to human and natural activities which makes it unfit for (E.M.A) cultivation is known as land degradation. Overutilization of resources Measures for Land conservation Overgrazing Minimum utilization of land. Mining why land Minimizing overgrazing. Deforestation degradation??? Make an effective effort to reduce mining Over irrigation reasons Afforestation  PRASHANT KIRAD Soil as a resource (E.M.A) Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. But it takes millions of years to form soil up to a few centimetres in depth. It is the medium of plant’s growth and support. Alluvial Soil Arid soil TYPES Black soil Laterite soil OF SOIL D Red and RA Forest soil yellow soil KI RED AND YELLOW SOIL ALLUVIAL SOIL T AN Red soil develops on crystalline Formation: deposited by Himalayan igneous rocks in areas of low rivers- the Indus, Ganga and rainfall in the eastern and Brahmaputra. H southern parts of the Deccan Location: Rajasthan and Gujarat. AS plateau. characteristics: old alluvial- bangar Yellow and red are also found in and young alluvial - khadar. PR Odisha, Chhatisgarh, Southern Minerals of this soil- potash, part of the Middle Ganga Plain. phosphoric acid, and lime which are good for sugarcane, paddy, and BLACK SOIL pulses. These soils are black in colour and ARID SOIL known as regur soil. Black soil is ideal for cotton also known Arid soils range from red to as cotton soil. brown in colour. They are Found in Maharashtra, Saurashtra, generally sandy in texture Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and and saline in nature. Chhatisgarh. Due to the dry climate, Mineral- calcium carbonate, magnesium, they are found in potash. Rajasthan.  PRASHANT KIRAD LATERITE SOIL FOREST SOIL Laterite soil develops in areas with Formation: Mechanical weathering high temperatures and heavy by snow, rain and temperature. rainfall. Location: Hilly areas (Kashmir to They are mainly found in Arunachal Pradesh) Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Loamy and silty on valley sides and Red laterite soil found in Tamil coarse-grained on the upper Nadu and Andhra Pradesh for slopes. crops of cashew nuts Found in areas where sufficient They are very useful for tea and rainforests are available. coffee. Reasons of soil Soil Erosion erosion 1. Deforestation The Denudation of the soil cover and D 2. Over grazing subsequently washing down is known as RA 3. Construction soil erosion. (E.M.A) 4. mining KI Sheet erosion is the removal of a thin layer of topsoil from large areas of Soil conservation T Measures to AN land by the action of surface water Contour ploughing protect soil runoff. Control on grazing The wind blows loose soil off flat or Terrace farming H sloping land. This is called Wind Strip cropping AS erosion. Shelter belt PR  PRASHANT KIRAD MAP WORK D RA KI T AN H AS PR top 7 questions Q1. Give the characteristics of the soil used for growing cotton. List the areas in India, where this soil is found. Is chapter se MCQ practice karna! Important h  PRASHANT KIRAD ANS- Characteristics of soil used for growing cotton are: (i) It is made up of fine clayey material with a high moisture retention capacity. (ii) It is rich in soil nutrients like calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime, but poor in phosphoric content. (iii) It develops deep cracks during hot weather, helping in proper aeration of the soil. (iv) It is found in the plateau areas of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, as well as in the Godavari and Krishna valleys. 2. India has land under a variety of relief features.” Justify the statement with three examples. ANS- India has land under a variety of relief features. In India, 30 % area is mountainous, 27 % is plateaus and 43 % is plains, all of these have specific advantages to be utilised. D Main advantages of India's land- RA Mountains are the source of many streams and rivers, some of them are perennial. These regions have very high potential for hydroelectricity KI production, etc and are also good tourism destinations. Plateaus are mostly laden (heavily loaded) with minerals, fossil fuels, T forests, etc so are economically very useful. AN Plains are the most important land resource for human beings. These areas are fertile and most of the food crops, etc are grown here. They are also H useful for the development of factories, roads, etc. AS 3. Why is resource planning essential? Give some examples which explain its PR need. ANS- Resource planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. It is essential as resources are limited and unevenly distributed over the country. Planning will help in reducing wastage as well as taking care of the requirements of future generations. Example: (i) An example of uneven distribution is Arunachal Pradesh, which has an abundance of water resources but lacks infrastructural development to utilise the water resources. (ii) Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources lead to socio- economic and environmental problems in Punjab, waterlogging has increased salinity and alkalinity in the soil.  PRASHANT KIRAD 4. Give three main features of the soil found in the river deltas of the Indian coast. ANS- The soil found in river deltas is alluvial. The three main features of the soil found in the river deltas of the Indian coast (alluvial soil) are: (i) Fertility: Alluvial soils in the delta regions are extremely fertile and suitable for intensive agriculture. These soils are rich in potash, phosphoric acid, and lime. (ii) Fine texture: In river deltas, alluvial soils tend to be fine-grained and more clayey compared to the alluvial soils found in the upper parts of river basins. (iii) Khadar type: The soils in delta regions are predominantly Khadar, the newer, fertile deposits that are continuously replenished by river floods, making them ideal for growing crops like rice and jute. 5. “Resource planning is a complex process.” Justify the statement with D arguments. RA ANS- It is true that resource planning is a complex process. It can be proved through the following arguments: KI Identification and inventory of resources: Involves surveying, mapping and measurement of characteristics and properties and properties of resources. T Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate: Technology, skill and AN institutional set-up for implementing resource development plants. Matching: The resources development plans with overall national development H plans. AS 6. “Human activities have contributed significantly to land degradation.” Justify the statement with three examples. PR ANS- The human activities responsible for land degradation in India are: (i) Deforestation due to mining activities in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha have caused severe land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is completed, leaving deep scars. (ii) Mineral processing like grinding of limestone for the cement industry as well as calcite and soapstone for the ceramic industry generates huge quantities of dust which falls on land. This retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil. (iii) Effluents as waste from industries have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country. (iv) Overirrigation in Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging, leading to an increase in salinity.  PRASHANT KIRAD 7. Describe alluvial soil under the following heads: (a) Formation (b) Distribution (c) Classification (d) Nutrients ANS- Alluvial soil can be described as follows: (a) Formation: Alluvial soil is made up of silt, sand and clay. It is deposited by three important Himalayan river systems the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It is bigger and coarser in the upper reaches of the river and becomes finer as the river flows down. (b) Distribution/Area: This soil is prevalent in the river valleys of the Northern plains (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra), strips in Gujarat and Rajasthan, as well as in the Eastern coastal plains (c) Classification: According to their age, alluvial soils can be classified as (Bangar) old alluvial and Khadar (new alluvial). Khadar has a higher concentration D of kankar and contains more fine particles than Bangar. RA (d) Nutrients/Minerals: This soil is rich in nutrients like potash, phosphoric acid: and lime, which is suitable for growing paddy, wheat, sugarcane and other cereal KI and pulse crops. in the deltas of rivers of the Peninsular Plateau (Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri). T AN H AS PR “Class 10th Phodenge” - Prashant Bhaiya