Reproductive and Gender-Related Drugs.pptx

REPRODUCTIVE AND GENDER-RELATED DRUGS PREPARED BY: JAMES D. TADURAN, RN Introduction Reproductive and gender-related drugs play a pivotal role in modern healthcare, impacting individuals' quality of life, autonomy, and overall well-being. This report delves into the various reproductive and gender...

REPRODUCTIVE AND GENDER-RELATED DRUGS PREPARED BY: JAMES D. TADURAN, RN Introduction Reproductive and gender-related drugs play a pivotal role in modern healthcare, impacting individuals' quality of life, autonomy, and overall well-being. This report delves into the various reproductive and gender-related drugs, their mechanisms, uses, side eff ects, and the specifi c considerations pertinent to the Philippine healthcare context. For nursing students in the Philippines, understanding these medications' pharmacology, applications, and implications is essential for providing comprehensive care. Reproductive Drugs Reproductive drugs encompass a wide range of medications used to manage, prevent, or treat conditions related to reproduction. This section explores contraceptives, fertility drugs, and emergency contraception. Hormonal Contraceptives Hormonal contraceptives are medications that prevent pregnancy by altering hormonal levels to inhibit ovulation, fertilization, or implantation.  Hormonal Contraceptives Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) Mechanism of Action: COCs contain estrogen and progestin, which suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary- ovarian axis, preventing ovulation. They also thicken cervical mucus and alter the endometrial lining. Side Eff ects: Nausea, breast tenderness, Common Brands: weight gain, mood Yasmin, Marvelon, and changes, and increased Microgynon. risk of thromboembolism.  Hormonal Contraceptives Progestin-Only Pills (POPs) Mechanism of Action: POPs primarily work by thickening cervical mucus and thinning the endometrial lining. In Side Effects: some cases, they inhibit Irregular menstrual ovulation. bleeding, headache, breast tenderness.  Hormonal Contraceptives Injectable Contraceptives Mechanism of Action: Administered via intramuscular injection, typically containing depot medroxyprogesterone Side Effects: acetate, they prevent Weight gain, delayed ovulation and thicken return to fertility, bone cervical mucus. density loss with prolonged use.  Hormonal Contraceptives Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) Mechanism of Action: Side Effects: IUDs release hormones (levonorgestrel) or use Irregular bleeding, copper to prevent cramping, risk of uterine perforation. fertilization and implantation. Hormonal Contraceptives Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) Fertility Drugs Fertility drugs aid individuals or couples in achieving pregnancy by stimulating ovulation or enhancing sperm production.  Fertility Drugs Clomiphene Citrate Mechanism of Action: Selective estrogen receptor modulator that induces ovulation by Side Effects: increasing follicle- stimulating hormone Hot flashes, ovarian (FSH) and luteinizing hyperstimulation, hormone (LH) secretion. multiple pregnancies.  Fertility Drugs Gonadotropins Mechanism of Action: Injectable hormones (FSH and LH) directly stimulate the ovaries to Side Effects: induce follicular Ovarian development and hyperstimulation ovulation. syndrome, multiple pregnancies, injection site reactions. Emergency Contraception Emergency contraception is used after unprotected intercourse to prevent unintended pregnancy.  Emergency Contraception Side effects: Nausea, fatigue, headache, menstrual irregularities. Effective up to 72 hours post-intercourse. Effective up to 120 hours post-intercourse. Can be inserted up to 5 days post-intercourse. Gender-Related Drugs Gender-related drugs include medications used in hormone replacement therapy and gender- affi rming treatments for transgender individuals.  Gender-Related Drugs Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Mechanism of Action: HRT is used primarily to alleviate menopausal symptoms in cisgender women by replacing declining hormone Side Effects: levels. Breast tenderness, bloating, mood swings, Components: Estrogen increased risk of and progestin. thromboembolism and certain cancers. Gender- Affirming Hormones Gender-affi rming hormone therapy supports transgender individuals in aligning their physical characteristics with their gender identity.  1% Generally, less than 1% of the worldwide population is transgender, with figures ranging from