Reproductive and Endocrine System PDF

   CHALLENGE: IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN 10 SECONDS CHALLENGE: IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN 10 SECONDS The Role of Hormones in the Body  What is a hormone? Hormones are chemical molec...

   CHALLENGE: IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN 10 SECONDS CHALLENGE: IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN 10 SECONDS The Role of Hormones in the Body  What is a hormone? Hormones are chemical molecules that are released into the bloodstream by glands – which affect the activity of cells and tissues in our body. Where do hormones come from? Hormones are produced by ENDOCRINE GLANDS.  How do hormones work? Hormones communicate in two ways: ✓Between two endocrine glands. ✓Between an endocrine gland and a target organ.  MALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)- needed for spermatogenesis LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)- stimulates the production of testosterone TESTOSTERONE- for sperm production and development of male secondary sex characteristics  Testosterone Testosterone is a hormone produced Testes (Testis: by the male sex gland called the singular) are testes. found inside the scrotum It controls the developmental changes in males such as deeper voice, facial and pubic hair and growth in muscle and bone strength.  Testosterone Below are the effects of high and low testosterone levels in the body: HIGH TESTOSTERONE LOW TESTOSTERONE Can cause: Can cause: acne less body and facial hair increased muscle mass less muscle mass low sperm count prostate enlargement (can cause hot flashes difficulty when urinating) brittle bones FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES ESTROGEN ✓produced by the ovary. It is responsible for the maturation and release of egg cell and the development of females’ secondary sex characteristics ✓also produced in the placenta during pregnancy PROGESTERONE ✓produced by the Corpus Luteum in the ovary ✓regulates menstrual cycle ✓prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg by thickening the uterine lining (endometrium)  Estrogen Estrogen is a hormone produced by the female sex gland called the ovary. It controls the developmental changes in females, such as breast development and the release of egg cells, which marks the beginning of Ovaries (Ovary: singular) menstruation. are found on either side of the uterus.  Estrogen Below are the effects of high and low oestrogen levels in the body: HIGH OESTROGEN LOW OESTROGEN Can cause: Can cause: heavy or irregular missed menstruation cycle menstruation mood swings breast tenderness hot flashes and night sweats weight gain More Examples of Hormones Serotonin (Pineal Gland) -helps regulate mood and behavior -imbalances can contribute to psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder Dopamine (hypothalamus and adrenal glands) - The “feel- good” hormone; creates a sense of pleasure and motivation Endorphins (Pituitary gland and hypothalamus) Helps deal with stress and reduce feelings of pain More Examples of Hormones Oxytocin (Pituitary Gland) Associated with calmness, empathy, and affection Cortisol (Adrenal Glands) A steroid hormone that controls stress in the body Triiodothyronine (T3) (Thyroid Gland) Low levels of this hormone can cause anxiety and depression Melatonin (Pineal Gland) -important for sleep cycles and the body's internal clock