Reproductive and Endocrine System PDF

# Reproductive System ## Reproductive System * Production of gametes * Fertilization * Development and nourishment of a new individual * Production of reproductive hormones ## Male Reproductive System * Secretion of the male sex hormones * Production of sperm cells * Transfer of sperm cells ###...

# Reproductive System ## Reproductive System * Production of gametes * Fertilization * Development and nourishment of a new individual * Production of reproductive hormones ## Male Reproductive System * Secretion of the male sex hormones * Production of sperm cells * Transfer of sperm cells ### Male Reproductive System Organs * **Testes:** produce sperm cells and male sex hormones * **Vas Deferens:** transports sperm from testes to urethra * **Urethra:** tube that carries urine and sperm outside the body * **Penis:** organ for copulation * **Prostate Gland:** produces fluid that nourishes sperm * **Seminal Vesicle:** produces fluid that helps sperm move * **Scrotum:** sac that holds testes ### Male Sex Hormone: Testosterone * **Chemical Formula:** $C_{19}H_{28}O_2$ * Responsible for development of male reproductive organs * Brings about changes experienced during puberty * Responsible for muscular strength #### Puberty * Growth of facial, underarm, chest, pubic and body hair * Deepening of the voice * Development of male musculature and genitals * Increased secretion of sweat and oil ## Female Reproductive System * Production of female sex cells * Production of female sex hormones * Reception of sperm cells from the male * Nurturing the development of and providing nourishment for the new individual ### Female Reproductive System Organs * **Ovary:** produce egg cells and female sex hormones * **Fallopian Tubes:** where fertilization takes place * **Uterus:** where fertilized egg implants * **Cervix:** opening of the uterus * **Vagina:** birth canal ### Female Sex Hormones: Estrogen * **Chemical Formula:** $C_{18}H_{24}O_2$ * Responsible for female physical features and reproduction * Helps control the menstrual cycle which is important for childbearing * Helps bring about changes that turn a girl into a woman during puberty * Ovaries are the main source of estrogen #### Puberty * Growth of underarm and pubic hair * Breast development, wider hips, smaller waist * Menstruation * Increased secretion of sweat and oil ## Hormones Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and are transported through the blood. Hormones act on specific target cells with the correct receptor. **Hormone Examples:** **Male:** Testosterone **Female:** Estrogen ## Endocrine System * Regulate reproduction * Helps you cope with changes in the environment * Responsible for many reactions * Helps control mood growth and development * Plays an essential role in the occurrence of disorders ## Hormonal Imbalance Hormonal imbalance can cause mood swings, low libido, headaches, night sweats, food cravings, acne, insomnia, tiredness and weight gain. ## Summary * The reproductive system is responsible for the production of gametes, fertilization, development and nourishment of a new individual, and the production of reproductive hormones. * The organ for copulation in males is the penis and the vagina for females. * The endocrine system secretes hormones that regulate reproduction. * The main sex hormone for females is estrogen and testosterone for males.