Reproduction PDF

Lecture 1 : Reproduction · Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes · 22 pairs of autosomess. " 1...

Lecture 1 : Reproduction · Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes · 22 pairs of autosomess. " 1 pair of sex chromosomes Reproductive Organs Sperm produced ; stored epididyms; · in testies in sperm travels thru was deferens ; seminal vessicles produce lubrication it to flow more allowing into duct down thru urethra ejaculatory then · Uretuva connected to bladder · Cervix connects Vagina uterus Internal Organs /before 7-10 weeks embryos are non-binary · Females : Gonad becomes ovaries due to absence of SRY located on Y chromosome gene; · have Mullerian ducts : become fanopian tube of uterus, vagina · absence of any-mulerian normone (AMH) · absence of testosterone causes degeneration of wothian ducts Males : presence of AMH of Y chromosome-determines sex causing testes presence Sky gene on develop · to of testosterone ; transform into epididymis presence androgens causes watfian ducts · to , was deferns , and seminal presence [internal reproductive ducts  androgens-testosterone External Genitalia · before 6 weeks we all look the same Genital Tubercle : maies-Gians of penis females Janalogous - clitoris Labioscrotal foid : males - scrotum females - labia mayora ; outter fold Males have DHT allowing for scrotum prostate development penis , , · testes are analogues to ovaries enzymes Catalyze pathway > - Lmulation in enzymes atypical = gonadal steroid Synthesis" secretion ↳ can cause consequences on sexual development · SRY influences testes in XY · Cholesterol is precursor to progesterone 5 x-reductase makes testosterone into DHT · - · Testosterone is converted into estrogen w/ aromastage O O & b/c testosterone transforms wolffian ducts  None functional androgen receptor · causes XY chromosomes to allow of female the phenotype genitalia-shave vaginas -sry gene - lacking Mollerian ducts individuals wh just y chromosome · will not be able to survive - Y chromosome will continue to shrink pub testles Cdelayed emotional on majority Jeonads  Progesterone · is important for female menstrual cycle Pregnancyend produces androgen, estrogea but not as much compared to varies testies spermMong She suppliesfructosefor - ey are - Producesa into sperm - production of alkaline find; neutralizes vaginal secretion ↳perm to help w/ addic environment of vagina is produced letting sperm swim in the pussen > Lecture 2 on slides - =  1 - In day period Early-mid follicular phase low of due death of triggering · levels estrogen corpus l term menses in late lutel phase · low estrogen has neg. Feedback which effects our FSHiCH gonadotropins - · estrogen has a pos · Feed back effect on Granuisa itself but of converted the cal als secrete lit androgen that · a is to estrogen via aromatase in granulosacells · FH is stimulus for ganulosa als to produce aromatase effects estrogen levels of FH" H low e this point - · are of FH produce feedback dromatase -Increasing estrogena pos · low amount is increasing graniosa ability to. - Quviation needs estrogen to allow duviation Guanotrophens low lo allow time for forcase to mature before ovulation) facie Late forcular producinga phase, ovulation high estrogen output feed back gives now · pos. GnRH ; increasing FSH on be a little Granulosa then secrets inhibin making a neg ·. feedback on FSH · Granulosa als begin to secrete small amounts of progesterone; pos feed back effect on CH" "GuRH · LH increases more bic invisin doesn't act on it ; LH is really important for ovulation · decrease of FSH helps prepare for next phase both ," for pituitary to born GuRH CH and Est estrogen progesterone · anow responsiveness , , some  · androgen precursor to progesterone androgenestrogen oprogesterone is precursor to estrogen; aromatase Early-mid luteal phase · ovum has & ruptured ! left face · facie has now become corpus cuteum which and Inhibin secretes : estrogen , progesterone , · Progesterone is most dominant 3 hormones have strong neg feedback · all on GnRHt FsH LH bic we need to , , prevent ovans from of them releasing more eggs; need to have low levels Late luteal phase · Tonic Secretion of GnRH FsH , Ch of dropping for and · extreme ievers estrogen progesterone · Corpus ivreum dies that triggers menses-female period · birth control causes us to be stuck in this mid luteal phase early to ↳ periods still occur bi placebo bC. plss allow hormones to drop ①Fertilization ② It would keep Guid low ③ Won't ovviate mT-rent