Engineering Science Project - 4IK06 Report 2024 PDF

**ENGINEERING SCIENCE PROJECT** C:\\Users\\C171G274137\\Desktop\\LOGO.jpg **4IK06** **DECISION DYNAMIC** **MOHD ZAID BIN ZAKARIA** **RAZALIEGH HAMZAH** **MOHAMMAD ABD WAHAB** **AHMAD NASRUDDIN** **MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE BENTONG** **ENGINEERING SCIENCE SUBJECT** CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: TA...

**ENGINEERING SCIENCE PROJECT** C:\\Users\\C171G274137\\Desktop\\LOGO.jpg **4IK06** **DECISION DYNAMIC** **MOHD ZAID BIN ZAKARIA** **RAZALIEGH HAMZAH** **MOHAMMAD ABD WAHAB** **AHMAD NASRUDDIN** **MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE BENTONG** **ENGINEERING SCIENCE SUBJECT** CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: TASK MANAGEMENT 1. Introduction 2. Problem statement 3. Objective 1.4 Cost Estimate 1.5 Task planning CAHPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 2.1 Development approach 2.2 Research and analysis 2.3 System design and prototyping CHAPTER 3:PRODUCTION OF PROJECT 3.1 Project Design 3.2 List of component 3.2 Schematic diagram 3.3 Flowchart 3.3 Programming 3.4 Artifact diagram CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION PROJECT 4.1 Presentation Poster CHAPTER 5: Conclusion 5.1 Project summary and achievement 5.2 Challenge and resolution 5.3 Impact and future Impilcation 5.2 Suggestion for improvement Refrence Attachment **CHAPTER 1: TASK MANAGEMENT** 1. **Introduction** 2. **Problem statement** **1.2.6. Environmental Impact:** The production, use, and disposal of the learning device may contribute to environmental issues, such as electronic waste, resource depletion, and carbon emissions. The project needs to minimize these impacts by using sustainable materials, reducing energy consumption, and implementing recycling or disposal strategies for the device at the end of its lifecycle. 3. **Objective** The primary objective of this project is to design and develop a user-friendly, cost-effective learning device tailored to the needs of the average kids. The system aims to address the limitations of existing basic science and math l by offering a balance of affordability, ease of installation, reliability, and modern technological integration. Below are the detailed objectives of the project: **1.3.1. Affordability:** - **Objective:** Develop a basic knowledge device that is significantly more affordable than existing commercial options without increasing environmental pollution. - **Goal:** Keep the total cost of the system, including all necessary components and installation, under RM40. This price point ensures that the system is accessible to a broader range of homeowners for their children, particularly those who may be deterred by the high value of learning device project. **1.3.2. Ease of Installation and Use:** - **Objective:** Create a system that is simple to install and operate, requiring no professional assistance or advanced technical knowledge. - **Goal:** Design the system for a DIY installation process that can be completed by an average user in less than an hour. Provide clear, step-by-step instructions and an intuitive user interface that simplifies system coding, display text, and button to decide our best answer. **1.3.3. Customization and Flexibility:** - **Objective:** Offer a modular design that allows homeowners to easily customize the system based on their specific needs and the unique layout of their home. - **Goal:** Ensure that the system supports the addition of various types of input and output (e.g., buzzer, led, push button, and lcd display) and other components that can be easily programmed and configured according to user preferences. **1.3.4. Reliability and Accuracy:** - **Objective:** Designated case for the device that will make children more attracted with the design that equipped with many colour, ensuring that children can like the system that gained knowledge with happiness - **Goal:** To achieve children's liking to gained their own basic knowledge before entering another level of difficulties to understand logic learning. This involves an opputurnity to achieve successful in life. **1.3.5. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Considerations:** - **Objective:** Develop an energy-efficient system that minimizes power consumption and incorporates environmentally friendly components. - **Goal:** Ensure that the system can operate on low power, with options for battery backup and solar charging. Use recyclable materials and minimize the environmental footprint of the system's components. **1.3.6. Privacy and Security:** - **Objective:** Protect user data and ensure the system's integrity against potential cyber threats. - **Goal:** Implement strong encryption protocols for data transmission and storage, and design the system to be resilient against hacking attempts. Ensure that any data collected by the system, such as intrusion logs or video footage, is securely stored and accessible only by authorized users. **1.3.7. Scalability and Future-Proofing:** - **Objective:** Designing a system that can be easily adjust and upgraded to accommodate future needs and technological advancements. - **Goal:** Create a flexible architecture that allows for the easy addition of new features, sensors, or components without requiring a complete system overhaul. Ensure that the system remains compatible with future technologies and standards. **1.3.8. User Experience and Support:** - **Objective:** Provide an excellent user experience through an intuitive interface, responsive customer support, and comprehensive documentation. - **Goal:** Develop a mobile app with a clean, user-friendly interface that offers easy access to system controls, notifications, and logs. Provide 24/7 customer support and detailed documentation, including video tutorials and FAQs, to assist users with any issues they may encounter. The overarching goal of this project is to create a security alarm system that meets the diverse needs of modern homeowners, providing a blend of affordability, ease of use, reliability, and advanced features. By achieving these objectives, the project aims to offer a compelling alternative to existing security solutions, making effective home protection accessible to a wider audience. **1.4 Cost Estimate** **Component Costs:** - Arduino UNO: RM 15 - Arduino LCD 16x2 with bagpack: RM5 - Arduino USB cable: RM3.30 - Switch: RM0.50 - Buzzer: RM0.80 - Button (2x): RM1.20 - Body: RM5 - Total:RM31 **Total Project Cost:** The total cost of the project was approximately RM35. **1.5 Task planning** **CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY** The methodology for the learning device project encompasses the systematic processes and practices that will be employed to ensure the project is executed efficiently, meets its objectives, and results in a high-quality product. The approach integrates various development models and best practices tailored to the nature of the project. Below is a detailed explanation of the methodology: **2.1. Development Approach** **2.1.1 Iterative Development:** **Methodology:**  - Identify the educational need that the device aims to address. - Research existing solutions to understand gaps or opportunities for improvement. - Consult with educators, students, and other stakeholders to define the specific needs. - **Implementation:** The project will be divided into multiple sprints, each lasting 2-3 weeks. Each sprint will focus on completing specific tasks or features, with regular reviews and adjustments based on feedback and testing. - **Outcome:** Incremental improvements with each sprint, leading to a functional prototype early in the process and a refined final product. **2.2 Research and Analysis** **2.2.1 Market and User Research:** - **Methodology:** Conduct thorough market research to identify current trends, children's needs, and competitive products. This research will inform the design and development phases. - **Implementation:** Surveys, focus groups, and competitive analysis will be conducted early in the project to gather data. This information will be documented and referenced throughout the project. - **Outcome:** A well-informed product design that addresses current market gaps and user preferences. **2.2.2 Technical Feasibility Study:** - **Methodology:** Perform a feasibility study to assess the technical aspects of the project, including hardware and software integration, cost, and scalability. - **Implementation:** The feasibility study will involve testing potential components and technologies in a controlled environment to evaluate their performance and compatibility. - **Outcome:** Identification of the most suitable technologies and components, minimizing the risk of technical issues later in the project. **2.3. System Design and Prototyping** **2.3.1 Modular Design:** - **Methodology:** The system will be designed with a modular architecture, allowing for flexibility in development and future expansion. - **Implementation:** The design phase will break the system down into modules, such as sensor integration, communication, user interface, and power management. Each module will be developed and tested independently before being integrated into the overall system. - **Outcome:** A scalable and flexible system architecture that allows for easy updates and additions. **2.3.2 Rapid Prototyping:** - **Methodology:** Use rapid prototyping to quickly develop and test early versions of the learning device project, enabling fast iteration and improvement. - **Implementation:** Prototyping tools and platforms, such as Arduino for hardware and Figma for UI/UX, will be used to create working prototypes. These prototypes will undergo testing and refinement in successive iterations. - **Outcome:** A series of functional prototypes that lead to a well-tested final product. The methodology for the security alarm project is designed to ensure a high-quality product through a combination of Agile development, rigorous research, modular design, and comprehensive testing. By following this structured approach, the project team can manage risks, adapt to changes, and deliver a system that meets user needs and expectations. The focus on continuous feedback, iterative development, and user-centric design ensures that the final product is both functional and user-friendly, providing reliable security for homeowners. **CHAPTER 3:PRODUCTION OF PROJECT** **3.1 Project Design**  **3.2 List of component** **List of Component :** - Arduino UNO - Arduino LCD 16x2 with bagpack - Arduino USB cable - Switch - Buzzer - Button (2x) - Body **3.2 Schematic diagram** **3.3 Flowchart**  **3.3 Programming** **\#include \** **\#include \** **// Initialize the LCD (address 0x27, 16 columns, 2 rows)** **LiquidCrystal\_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);** **// Button pins** **const int yesButtonPin = 2;** **const int noButtonPin = 3;** **// LED and buzzer pins** **const int greenLedPin = 8;** **const int redLedPin = 9;** **const int buzzerPin = 10;** **// Define a question structure** **struct Question {** **String text;** **bool correctAnswer; // true for Yes, false for No** **};** **// Define questions for each stage** **const Question stage1Questions\[\] = {** **{\"Is Arduino fun?\", true},** **{\"Is the Earth flat?\", false}** **};** **const Question stage2Questions\[\] = {** **{\"Can fish fly?\", false},** **{\"Is the sun a star?\", true}** **};** **const Question stage3Questions\[\] = {** **{\"Is 2 + 2 equal to 4?\", true},** **{\"Is water dry?\", false}** **};** **const int stage1NumQuestions = sizeof(stage1Questions) / sizeof(stage1Questions\[0\]);** **const int stage2NumQuestions = sizeof(stage2Questions) / sizeof(stage2Questions\[0\]);** **const int stage3NumQuestions = sizeof(stage3Questions) / sizeof(stage3Questions\[0\]);** **enum Stage {** **START\_SCREEN,** **STAGE1,** **STAGE2,** **STAGE3,** **FINISHED** **};** **Stage currentStage = START\_SCREEN;** **int currentQuestionIndex = 0;** **// Frequency for the buzzer in Hz (Higher frequencies can be louder)** **const int buzzerFrequency = 100; // Increased frequency for louder sound** **void setup() {** **// Initialize the LCD** **lcd.init();** **lcd.backlight();** **// Set button pins as inputs with internal pull-up resistors** **pinMode(yesButtonPin, INPUT\_PULLUP);** **pinMode(noButtonPin, INPUT\_PULLUP);** **// Set LED and buzzer pins as outputs** **pinMode(greenLedPin, OUTPUT);** **pinMode(redLedPin, OUTPUT);** **pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);** **// Display the start screen** **displayStartScreen();** **}** **void loop() {** **// Check if \"Yes\" button is pressed** **if (digitalRead(yesButtonPin) == LOW) {** **delay(200); // Debounce delay** **if (currentStage == START\_SCREEN \|\| currentStage == FINISHED) {** **currentStage = STAGE1;** **currentQuestionIndex = 0;** **displayQuestion();** **} else {** **handleAnswer(true); // Simulate a correct answer to proceed** **}** **delay(1000); // Debounce delay** **}** **// Check if \"No\" button is pressed** **if (digitalRead(noButtonPin) == LOW) {** **delay(200); // Debounce delay** **handleAnswer(false); // Handle \"No\" button press** **delay(1000); // Debounce delay** **}** **}** **void displayScrollingText(String text, int repeatCount = 1) {** **int len = text.length();** **int displayWidth = 16;** **int scrollDelay = 500; // Adjust this value to control scrolling speed** **// Display the text in scrolling manner** **for (int j = 0; j \< repeatCount; j++) { // Scroll multiple times** **if (len \> displayWidth) {** **// Scroll the text if it is longer than the display width** **for (int i = 0; i \= stage1NumQuestions) {** **currentStage = STAGE2;** **currentQuestionIndex = 0;** **displayStageChange();** **} else if (currentStage == STAGE2 && currentQuestionIndex \>= stage2NumQuestions) {** **currentStage = STAGE3;** **currentQuestionIndex = 0;** **displayStageChange();** **} else if (currentStage == STAGE3 && currentQuestionIndex \>= stage3NumQuestions) {** **currentStage = FINISHED;** **displayQuestion();** **} else {** **displayQuestion();** **}** **} else {** **lcd.clear();** **lcd.setCursor(0, 0);** **lcd.print(\"Wrong! Try Again.\");** **digitalWrite(redLedPin, HIGH);** **tone(buzzerPin, buzzerFrequency, 500); // Sound buzzer with frequency for 1 second** **delay(1000); // Delay to match buzzer sound duration** **noTone(buzzerPin); // Stop buzzer** **digitalWrite(redLedPin, LOW);** **// Stay on the same question** **displayQuestion();** **}** **}** **void displayStageChange() {** **lcd.clear();** **displayScrollingText(\"Stage Completed!\", 1); // Scroll this text once** **lcd.setCursor(0, 1);** **if (currentStage == STAGE2) {** **displayScrollingText(\"Stage 2 begins\", 1); // Scroll this text once** **} else if (currentStage == STAGE3) {** **displayScrollingText(\"Stage 3 begins\", 1); // Scroll this text once** **}** **delay(2000); // Wait for 2 seconds before displaying the next stage** **displayQuestion();** **}** **3.4 Artifact diagram** **CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION PROJECT** **4.1 Presentation Poster**  **CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION** The conclusion of the security alarm project encapsulates the key findings, outcomes, and the overall significance of the work. It serves as a reflection on the project\'s success in achieving its goals and offers insights into future improvements or expansions. Here\'s a detailed conclusion: **5.1. Project Summary and Achievements** The security alarm project successfully accomplished its primary objectives, which were to design, develop, and implement a reliable, cost-effective, and user-friendly home security system. Throughout the project\'s lifecycle, a systematic approach was followed, involving rigorous planning, research, design, development, testing, and deployment phases. Key achievements include: - Development of a Modular and Scalable System: The project resulted in a modular security system that can be easily customized and expanded based on user needs. The system\'s architecture allows for future upgrades, ensuring longevity and adaptability to emerging security threats and technological advancements. - Effective Integration of Hardware and Software: The seamless integration of various hardware components (such as sensors, microcontrollers, and communication modules) with the software interface provided a robust and responsive security solution. The system efficiently detects and responds to potential security breaches, alerting users in real time. - User-Centric Design: By incorporating user feedback during the development process, the system was tailored to meet real-world needs. Features like an intuitive user interface, simple installation process, and flexible configuration options contributed to a positive user experience. **5.2. Challenges and Resolutions** During the project, several challenges were encountered, including: - Technical Integration Issues: Ensuring compatibility between different sensors and the microcontroller required careful selection of components and extensive testing. These issues were resolved through iterative prototyping and adjustments to the system architecture. - Balancing Cost and Performance: Designing a system that was both affordable and high-performing was challenging. Through thorough market research and component selection, the project team was able to balance these factors effectively, resulting in a cost-effective solution without compromising on quality. - Ensuring Reliability and Stability: The system\'s reliability was a top priority, especially in real-world scenarios where false alarms or missed detections could occur. Extensive testing, both in controlled environments and through user acceptance trials, helped refine the system to minimize such risks. **5.3. Impact and Future Implications** The successful completion of this project has several implications: - Enhanced Home Security: The system provides homeowners with a reliable means of protecting their properties, deterring potential intrusions, and responding quickly to security incidents. This contributes to an increased sense of safety and peace of mind. - Potential for Commercialization: The project has laid the groundwork for potential commercialization. With further refinement and scaling, the system could be introduced to the market as a competitive home security solution. This opens avenues for future business opportunities and market expansion. - Foundation for Future Research and Development: The project serves as a foundation for future enhancements, such as integrating advanced technologies like AI for threat detection, improving energy efficiency with solar power, and expanding the system to cover larger or more complex environments. **5.4 Project advantages** 5.4.1. Enhanced Security and Safety - Proactive Threat Detection: The security alarm system provides a proactive approach to home security by detecting potential threats such as unauthorized entry, motion, or glass breakage. It alerts the homeowner or authorities immediately, reducing the time it takes to respond to security breaches. - Real-Time Notifications: Through integration with communication modules (e.g., GSM, Wi-Fi), the system can send real-time alerts to the user\'s smartphone or other devices, ensuring that users are promptly informed of any security events, even when they are away from home. 5.4.2. Customizability and Scalability - Modular Design: The system's modular architecture allows users to customize and expand the system according to their specific needs. Additional sensors, cameras, or smart home integrations can be added without significant reconfiguration. - User-Friendly Interface: The system is designed with a focus on ease of use. A simple user interface ensures that homeowners can easily configure, arm, disarm, and monitor their system without requiring technical expertise. 5.4.3. Cost-Effectiveness - Affordable Components: By selecting cost-effective components and optimizing the design, the project offers a security solution that is accessible to a broad range of users, making it a viable option for homeowners with various budgets. - DIY Installation: The system can be installed by the user, reducing installation costs and eliminating the need for professional services. This also allows users to personalize the setup according to their home layout. 5.4.4. Integration with Modern Technologies - Smart Home Compatibility: The system is designed to be compatible with smart home ecosystems, allowing users to integrate it with other smart devices such as lights, locks, and cameras for a comprehensive home automation experience. - Remote Access and Control: Through a mobile app or web interface, users can monitor and control their security system from anywhere, enhancing convenience and giving them peace of mind. 5.4.5. Energy Efficiency - Low Power Consumption: The system is designed to consume minimal power, which is particularly beneficial for battery-operated components. This reduces the frequency of battery replacements and lowers energy costs. - Potential for Solar Power Integration: The system can be paired with solar panels, making it sustainable and ideal for locations without a reliable power grid. **5.5 Project Weaknesses** 5.5.1. Potential Technical Limitations - False Alarms: Despite rigorous testing, there is still a possibility of false alarms due to environmental factors like pets, wind, or small animals triggering motion sensors. These false alarms can be a nuisance and may reduce user confidence in the system. - Limited Coverage Area: The effectiveness of the system is limited by the range and placement of sensors. Large homes or properties may require additional sensors to ensure complete coverage, which could increase costs and complexity. 5.5.2. Dependence on Power and Internet Connectivity - Power Outages: If the system relies on a conventional power supply without backup, it may fail during power outages, leaving the home unprotected. While battery backups can mitigate this, they add to the system\'s complexity and maintenance requirements. - Internet Connectivity Issues: For systems that rely on cloud-based services or remote monitoring via the internet, any interruption in connectivity can result in delays or failures in receiving alerts, thereby compromising security. 5.5.3. Initial Learning Curve - Setup and Configuration: Although designed to be user-friendly, the initial setup and configuration may be challenging for non-technical users. Incorrect setup can lead to ineffective operation, such as sensors not being properly aligned or connected. - Maintenance Requirements: Regular maintenance, such as replacing batteries or updating software, is necessary to ensure the system operates reliably. Users may find this burdensome, particularly if they are not familiar with technology. 5.5.4. Privacy Concerns - Data Security: The use of internet-connected devices raises concerns about data security and privacy. If the system\'s communication channels are not adequately secured, there is a risk of hacking or unauthorized access, potentially compromising user data or control of the system. - Surveillance Concerns: Users might be wary of constant monitoring and the potential for misuse of recorded data, especially in systems that incorporate cameras or audio monitoring. 5.5.5. Environmental Factors - Weather Sensitivity: Outdoor sensors and cameras may be sensitive to extreme weather conditions such as rain, snow, or high winds, which can affect their performance and longevity. Weatherproofing can address this but may increase costs. - Interference: Wireless communication between components can be susceptible to interference from other devices or structural obstacles within the home, potentially leading to unreliable operation or signal loss. **5.6 Suggestion for improvement** While the project achieved its goals, there are several areas where further work could enhance the system: - Integration with Smart Home Ecosystems: Future development could focus on integrating the security system with popular smart home platforms (e.g., Google Home, Amazon Alexa) to provide users with greater control and automation capabilities. - Advanced Security Features: Adding features like facial recognition, AI-based threat analysis, and predictive analytics could significantly enhance the system\'s ability to identify and respond to security threats. - Sustainability Considerations: Exploring energy-efficient designs, such as using low-power components and renewable energy sources like solar panels, could make the system more sustainable and reduce its environmental impact. **5.7 Conclusion** The security alarm project has demonstrated the importance of a structured, user-focused approach in developing technological solutions. By adhering to a well-defined methodology and continuously iterating based on feedback, the project team was able to deliver a high-quality, reliable security system that meets the needs of modern homeowners. The knowledge gained and the technologies developed through this project provide a strong foundation for future innovations in the field of home security. The project's success highlights the potential for continued exploration and development in this area, paving the way for smarter, more connected, and more secure living environments **Reference** **Attachment** A screenshot of a product Description automatically generated