Lecture 1 Biology & Engineering Approaches PDF

Biology & Engineering Approaches Module: 1 Dr. Priyanka Singh Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, IITJ  What is Engineering? Studying things that exist before Making things that do not exist before Scientist + Technologist = Engineer Design Process in Engine...

Biology & Engineering Approaches Module: 1 Dr. Priyanka Singh Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, IITJ  What is Engineering? Studying things that exist before Making things that do not exist before Scientist + Technologist = Engineer Design Process in Engineering Analysis offers a science of parts, synthesis a science of the integration of parts.  Difference Between Science And Engineering The essence of science is inquiry; the essence of engineering is design. Engineering new instruments enables inquiry, while scientific inquiry can enable design. Seeking Knowledge vs. Applying Knowledge Biology/Medicine-Engineering Landscape Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Biotechnology Bioengineering: New Interface of Engineering and Biology Human Genome Project: 1990-2003 Key Takeaways The Human Genome Project (HGP) mapped all the genes in the human genome, significantly advancing our understanding of human genetics. Comparative genomics, part of the HGP, compared human genes with those of other species, such as the mouse and platypus, to gain insights into our genetic similarities, evolutionary history and unique human traits. The HGP has profoundly impacted medical research, particularly in understanding and treating cancer, by enabling the sequencing of cancer genomes and fostering personalized medicine approaches based on genetic mutations. Genome the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. Gene A gene is a segment of DNA that provides instructions for making proteins or RNA molecules. The human genome contains roughly 20,000 to 25,000 genes, and each gene codes for an average of three proteins Here are some other facts about human DNA: Each human cell contains about 6 feet of DNA. The average human body has about 10 trillion cells. Human DNA contains about 3 billion base pairs and 25,000 genes. McKinsey forecasts a biotech revolution will improve human health and transform agriculture and food, consumer products and services, and materials and energy production. BioRevolution Could Reach $4 Trillion Per Year in the 2030s Nature’s curiosities Marine mussel size 5cm- 6cm Stenocara gracilipes (Namib beetle) size range ~ 3 cm Tardigrades (water bear) size upto 1.2mm Drosophila melanogaster size ~ 3 mm Barn owl size ~30 - 40 cm African bush elephant Size ~3 m Protopterus (megabats) size ~1.5 m Coronavirus Size ~ 0.0007mm Get Curious 0.3 to 0.5 mm in Only 1000 cells length Can loose 95 % of Can survive even the water and go in upto 30 years suspended without food and animation water Can live in absolute zero temp, volcanos, Can survive intense ocean’s trenches ionizing radiations and in space Nature’s innovations for today’s solutions Inspirations Storage Cold chain for vaccination Avoiding damage in radiation AMERICAN SCIENTIST BY WILLIAM RANDOLPH MILLER 2011 VOLUME 99, NUMBER 5  Next-generation cameras inspired by fruit flies, moths and crabs artificial compound eyes that could make camera lenses tiny enough to fit on credit cards or stickers, autonomous vehicle, drones  Problem with Smart Glues Marine mussel Underwater adhesion ? adhesive protein that contains a unique amino acid (DOPA) with a catechol side chain responsible for strong adhesion to underwater surface Contains Formaldehyde – Carcinogen Irreversible Current /pH change can modify catechol Ineffective under water Smart underwater adhesive From Basics to Bio-inspired Designs Color Changing fibers: Inspired from hogberry Elephant inspired Bionic Handling Woodpecker inspired Extreme Shock Absorber Paint without Pigments: Inspired from peacock feathers Living systemsGecko feet inspired as Natural adhesive Bioengineers: Source of Bioinspired innovations The Shinkansen Bullet Train Inspired by the kingfisher Velcro from Burr Adhesive from Gecko Curiosity of natural systems can spur innovative solutions Engineering marvels Box fish to Nextgen Merc- Bionic Termite houses to AC free buildings Inspiration from spiders for Mission mars. Cart wheeling spider Image of mars acquired by mars rover perseverance Biological solutions and limitless possibilities  https://asknature.org/biological-strategies/ More robotics inspirations from nature ~ 1700 biological strategies; 57 innovations